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BMS662: MICROBIAL PATHOGEN > C1 > Flashcards

C1 Flashcards

1
Q

Factors of pathogenicity

A
  • Ability pathogen to invade host
  • Ability pathogen to multiply in host
  • Ability pathogen to avoid host defense
  • Number of infectious organism enter the body
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2
Q

Host microbe relationships

A
  • Symbiosis: live together
  • Mutualism
  • Commensalism
  • Parasitism
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3
Q

Normal flora obtained nutrient from

A

Waste substances secreted by hosts in skin & mucous membrane

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4
Q

Types of normal flora

A
  • Resident
  • Transient
  • Oppurtunist
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5
Q

Explain resident flora

A

Always present on / in human body

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6
Q

Explain transient flora

A

Present only under certain conditions where resident flora found

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7
Q

Explain opportunist

A

Not normally cause disease but do when opportunity arise

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8
Q

Conditions that create opportunist flora

A
  • Breakdown host immune
  • Microbe introduced to unusual body sites
  • Normal flora disturbed
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9
Q

Define virulence

A

Intensity of diseases caused by pathogens

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10
Q

Virulence measured by

A
  • ID50
  • LD50
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11
Q

Define ID

A

Estimated no of organism/virus particles required to produce infection in 50% of normal adult exposed by given route

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12
Q

Define LD

A

Amount of material given all at once which cause death of 50% of tested animals

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13
Q

Example of vector

A
  • Antropod: fleas, tick
  • Inanimate: fomites
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14
Q

Types of vector

A
  • Biological: infected
  • Mechanical: not infected
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15
Q

What is Koch postulate proposed by Robert Koch

A
  • Microbes must be regularly isolated from cases of disease
  • Grown in pure culture in vitro
  • When inoculated into susceptible animal, disease must show
  • Identical microbes must be isolated from animal
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16
Q

Molecular Kosch Postulates

A
  • Virulence trait associated more in pathogenic strains
  • When virulence gene inactivated, pathogenicity reduce or loss
  • Wildtype gene reintroduce, pathogenicity restores
  • Gene express at some point during infection
  • Antibody directed against gene product should protect host
17
Q

Types of infectious diseases

A
  • Communicable: spread to one another
  • Non communicable: not spread
18
Q

Non communicable diseases normally occurs by

A
  • Individual own microflora
  • Organisms from outside cause disease when introduced into body
  • Poisoning following exposure ingestion of preformed toxin
19
Q

Occurrence of disease in population

A
  • Endemic: present continually in population
  • Epidemic: higher than normal incidence in population
  • Pandemic: epidemic spread worldwide
  • Sporadic: occur at random, isolated cases
20
Q

Source of infectious diseases

A
  • Endogenous
  • Congenital
  • Exogenous
  • Health care associated infection
21
Q

Explain endogenous infection

A
  • Source of pathogen is host
  • Organism moves to another site in body
22
Q

Explain congenital infection

A
  • Infection in fetus
  • Can occur during passage through birth canal
23
Q

Explain exogenous

A
  • Organism from external environment
  • Various routes of transfer
24
Q

Explain health care associated infection

A
  • Endogenous or exogenous
25
Q

Factor influencing susceptibility to infectious disease

A
  • Age
  • Host factor
  • Life style of host
  • Gender
  • Genetic determinants of host
26
Q

Types of host factor that influence susceptibility to infectious diseases

A
  • Stress
  • Diet
  • Health status
27
Q

Stages of disease

A
  • Incubation
  • Prodromal
  • Invasive
  • Decline
  • Convalescence
28
Q

Explain incubation period

A
  • Time between infections & appearance of sign and symptoms
  • Length depend on pathogen & virulence
29
Q

Explain prodromal period

A
  • After incubation period
  • Early mild symptoms & sign of disease
  • Not all diseases have prodromal
30
Q

Explain invasive phase

A
  • Period of illness
  • Sign & symptoms apparent
  • Host doing best to fight off disease
  • Ability to overcome determine the recovery or death
31
Q

Explain decline phase

A
  • Infection under control
  • Host begins to recover
  • If cannot completely get rid - result in chronic or latent infections
32
Q

Explain convalescence period

A
  • Host repair damage brought by infection
  • Body return to normal health

BMS662: MICROBIAL PATHOGEN (3 decks)

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