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BIOSCI 107 > C&T; Connective Tissue > Flashcards

C&T; Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

what are the features of connective tissues

A

not found on body surfaces + can be highly vascular (except cartilage)

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2
Q

what is the CT composed of?

A

extracellular matrix and cells

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3
Q

what is the connective tissue comprised of?

A

ground substance + protein fibres (which are secreted by the cells in the ECM) structure dictates function.

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4
Q

what is the ground substance composed of?

A

water, proteins, sugars (polysaccharides)
sugars = gags/glycosaminoglycans/mucopolysaccharides
–> amino sugar; n acetylglucosamine
–> uronic sugar; glucuronic acid
–> highly polar and attracts water
gags + core proteins = proteoglycans

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5
Q

types of sulphated gags

A

dermatan sulphate
heparin sulphate
keratan sulphate
chondroitin sulphate

(bind to proteins to form proteoglycans)

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6
Q

non sulphated gags example

A

hyaluronic acid- does not bind directly to protein backbone but joined to various pgs

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7
Q

how do gags (sugars) make up the groudn substance

A

gags trap water because its highly polar, to make the ground substance more jelly-like

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8
Q

what is hyaluronic acid?

A

viscous slippery substance binds cells together, lubricates joints, maintains shape of eyeball

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9
Q

hyaluronidase

A

produced by white blood cells, sperm + bactiera
makes ground substance more liquid so it can move more easily

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10
Q

chondroitin sulphate

A

support and provide adhesive features of cartilage, bone, skin, blood vessels (cbbs)

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11
Q

keratan sulphate

A

found in bone, cartilage, cornea of the eye (bcc)

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12
Q

dermatan sulphate

A

found in skin, tendons, blood vessels, heart valves. (bts heart)

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13
Q

what are the three different types of protein fibres?

A

collagen fibres, reticular fibres, elastic fibres

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14
Q

what are the features of collagen fibres?

A

thick
strong but flexible to resist pulling forces
features vary depending on different tissues
most abundant
common in bones, cartilages, tendons and ligaments
parallel bundles

bltc

**looks like hair

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15
Q

reticular fibres features

A

collagen + coating of glycoprotein
fine bundles
made by fibroblasts, and form part of the basement membrane
provides strength and support.
thinner, branching spreads through tissue,
–> forms networks in vessels and through tissues (adipose, nerve, smooth muscle) (ansm)

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16
Q

elastic fibres features

A

thinner than collagen fibres
fibrous network
elastin surrounded by glycoprotein fibrillin to give more strenth + stabliity
found in lung, blood vessels, skin (lsb)

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17
Q

what are the two common ct cell types?

A

fibroblasts and adipocytes

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18
Q

fibroblasts

A

widely distributed in connective tissues (migratory)
secrete components of the matrix (fibers + ground substance)

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19
Q

adipocytes

A

under skin and around organs
stores fat (triglycerides)

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20
Q

what are the other cells found in solid ct?

A

macrophages (histiocytes)
plasma cells
mast cells
leucocytes

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21
Q

what are macrophages cells

A

phagocytic cells that come in fixed and wandering

fixed; dust cells - lung
kupffer cells - liver
langerhans cells - skin

wandering; sites of infection/inflammation/injury

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22
Q

what are plasma cells

A

be cell lymphocyte produces antibodies

  • many ct sites but especially in gut + lung, salivary glands lymph nodes, spleen, rbc
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23
Q

what are mast cells

A

produce histamines that dilates vessels- so alongside blood vessels

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24
Q

leucocytes cells

A

white blood cells (neutrophils = infection, eosinophils = allergy) migrate from blood in certain conditions

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25
what are the two types of CT?
embryonic and mature
26
what are the two types of embryonic connective tissue?
mesenchyme and mucous
27
what is mesenchyme ct?
consists of mesenchymal cells in a semi fluid gs containing reticular fibers
28
what is mucous CT?
widely scattered fibroblasts in jelly like ground substance. supports umbilical cord of foetus ONLY
29
what are the three different types of mature connective tissues?
connective tissue proper, fluid and supporting
30
what are the types of connective tissue proper?
loose and dense
31
what are the different types of loose connective tissue?
areolar, adipose, reticular
32
areolar loose ct
three types of fibres present (collagen, reticular, elastic) packing material (widely distribute) strength, elasticity + support
33
adipose loose connective tissue
adipocytes dominant central triglhyceride droplet found with areolar connective tissue (inc fibroblasts) white adipose = energy storage, brown adipose = heat production INSULATION, ENERGY SOURCE, TEMPERATURE CONTROL
34
reticular loose connective tissue
reticular fibres forms stroma of organs, binds smooth muscle tissues supporting framework of liver, spleen, lymph nodes, rbm, around blood vessels and muscles.
35
what are the different types of dense ct?
regular, irregular, elastic
36
regular dense ct
tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses strong attachment between structures shiny white. mainly collagen fibres regularly arranged in bundles w fibroblasts in rows bt then damage heal slowly bc follagen fibres are not living.
37
irregular dense ct
made up of collagen not arranged in parallel bundles occurs in sheets (tissue beneath skin + around muscles/other organs) woven network provides tensile strength in many directions
38
elastic dense ct
predominantly elastic fibres + fibroblasts in between unstained tissue is yellowish very strong, and can recoil to original shape after being stretched. important in lungs (exhaling) and elastic arteries (maintains blood flow)
39
types of supporting ct
hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage + fibrocartilage
40
hyaline cartilage ct
"glassy" contains resilient gel as ground substance FLEXIBILITY AND MOVEMENT nasal septum, ends of long bones perichondrium
41
fibrocartilage ct
chondrocytes among clearly visible thick bundles of collagen fibres within ecm. support and joins structures together. strength and rigidity make it the strongest type of cartilage. no perichondrium
42
elastic cartilage ct
chondrocytes in threadlike network of elastic fibres within ecm, perichondium present provides strength and elasticity.
43
what are bones?
organs composed of several connective tissue types; including bone tissue
44
what are the two types of bones
compact and spongy
45
compact bone
outer layer of the bone, and forms the shaft of lone bones cortical bone composed of many rod-shaped units known as osteons/haversian systems stores calcium + phosphorous protection and support
46
spongy bone
porous inner bone tissue that lies underneath compact bone cancellous bone lacks osteons stores yellow marrow and red marrow
47
what are the four cell types found in bone
osteogenic, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
48
osteogenic cells
mesenchymal stem cells that develop, starts to lay down collagen become trapped and become osteoblasts
49
osteoblasts
lay down more collagen. bone forming cells + calcium + phosphate mineralization process sstarts
50
osteocytes
mature bone cells; osteoblasts trapped within ecm. maintains bone tissue involved in exchange of nutrients + waste. have gap junctions
51
osteoclasts
large, multinucleated cells formed from the fusion of blood monocytes breaks down bone
52
structure of osteons?
lamellae, lacunae, canaliculi, central haversian canal
53
lamellae
concentric rings of mineral salts (calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide) which together form hydroxyapatite) + collagen
54
lacunae
small spaces bt lamellae that contain mature bone cells (osteocytes)
55
canaliculi
minute canals containing ec fluid that radiate from lacunae and provides routes for oxygen nutrients and waste
56
central haversian canal;
blood lymph and nerves
57
how to remodel a new bone
osteoclasts reabsorb dead bone cchondroblasts lay down hyaline cartilage callus osteoblasts lay down new bone osteoclasts remodel new bone
58
types of liquid connective tissue
blood
59
blood
blood plasma (liquid ecm) + formed elements (red cells, white cells, platelets)
60
erythrocytes
red blood cell; transport o2 and co2
61
leukocytes (formed element)
- neutrophils + monocytes (macrophages) = phagocytic - basophils + mast cells (immature circulate) release substances (histamine) that intensify inflammatory reaction. - eosinophils; effective against allergic and parasitic worms - lymphocytes; immune response
62
platelets
from megakaryocytes clotting

BIOSCI 107 (15 decks)

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