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1
Q

The visual pathway starts from the retina and ends in the cortical areas.
t or f

A

FALSE (Visual cortex)

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2
Q

The CN2 has four basic portions.
T or f

A

TRUE (intraocular, intraorbital, intracanalicular, intracranial)

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3
Q

The optic chiasma provides the crossing of nasal fibers to the optic tract of the ipsilateral side and for the passage of temporal fibers into the optic tract of the contralateral side.
t or f

A

False (magkabaliktad contra and ipsi)

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4
Q

In general, fibers from the optic tract terminate at LGB and PTN.

A

FALSE???? ru pertaining 2 youself????? (LGB lang ata)

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5
Q

The ventral portion of the optic radiation forwards into the parietal lobe and is known as Meyer’s loop.

A

FALSE (temporal)

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6
Q

Lesion on the Meyer’s loop causes an inferior homonymous quadrantic hemianopia.

A

TRUE

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7
Q

The striate cortex is also referred to as area 19 of Brodman.

A

FALSE (No.17)

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8
Q

The rods are responsible for vision in low-light conditions.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

The ganglion cells collect information from bipolar and amacrine cells of the retina sending it through their axons forming the optic nerve.

A

TRUE?????

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10
Q

Layers 1 and 2 of the LGN are called the parvocellular layers because they contain large cells.

A

FALSE (magnocellular)

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11
Q

Location of lesion for blind left eye
Left optic nerve
Left optic tract
Right optic nerve
Right optic tract

A

Right optic nerve

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12
Q
  1. Location of lesion for left congruous homonymous superior quadrantanopia.
    Left meyer’s loop
    Right meyer’s loop
    Anterior wilbrand’s knee
    Posterior wilbrand’s knee
A

Right meyer’s loop

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13
Q

Locations of lesion for right homonymous hemianopia.
Right optic tract & left optic radiation
Left optic tract & right optic radiation
Left optic tract & left optic radiation
Optic tract & optic radiation

A

Left optic tract & left optic radiation????

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14
Q

Location of lesion for contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
Occipital lobe
Frontal lobe
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe

A

Parietal lobe

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15
Q

Location of lesion for anterior junctional scotoma
Optic chiasma
Optic nerve
Optic tract
Optic nerve junction

A

Optic chiasma

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16
Q

Location of lesion for bitemporal hemianopsia
Optic chiasma
Optic nerve
Optic tract
Optic nerve junction

A

Optic chiasma

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17
Q

Defect covering central fixation.
Centrocecal scotoma
Paracentral scotoma
Central scotoma
Scotoma

A

Central scotoma

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18
Q

A central scotoma connected to the blind spot.
Centrocecal scotoma
Paracentral scotoma
Central scotoma
Scotoma

A

Centrocecal scotoma

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19
Q

A defect of some of the papillomacular fibers lying next to but not involving central fixation.
Centrocecal scotoma
Paracentral scotoma
Central scotoma
Scotoma

A

Paracentral scotoma

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20
Q

Simple and quick method to assessing VF-
a. angent Screen Perimetry
b. Kinetic VF
c. Amsler chart 7
d. Electroretinogram
e. Frequency Doubling Perimetry
ab. Goldman
ac. Static VF test
ad. Confrontation

A

ad Confrontation

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21
Q

Best suited for a qualitative approach in VF
a. angent Screen Perimetry
b. Kinetic VF
c. Amsler chart 7
d. Electroretinogram
e. Frequency Doubling Perimetry
ab. Goldman
ac. Static VF test
ad. Confrontation

A
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22
Q

Light blink at each location with different brightness
a. angent Screen Perimetry
b. Kinetic VF
c. Amsler chart 7
d. Electroretinogram
e. Frequency Doubling Perimetry
ab. Goldman
ac. Static VF test
ad. Confrontation

A

d. Electroretinogram

23
Q

a. angent Screen Perimetry
b. Kinetic VF
c. Amsler chart 7
d. Electroretinogram
e. Frequency Doubling Perimetry
ab. Goldman
ac. Static VF test
ad. Confrontation

A
24
Q

Most common Kinetic VF test
a. angent Screen Perimetry
b. Kinetic VF
c. Amsler chart 7
d. Electroretinogram
e. Frequency Doubling Perimetry
ab. Goldman
ac. Static VF test
ad. Confrontation

A
25
Q

Uses optical illusion to check damage to vision
a. angent Screen Perimetry
b. Kinetic VF
c. Amsler chart 7
d. Electroretinogram
e. Frequency Doubling Perimetry
ab. Goldman
ac. Static VF test
ad. Confrontation

A

e. Frequency Doubling Perimetry

26
Q

Measures electrical responses of the light sensitive cells
a. angent Screen Perimetry
b. Kinetic VF
c. Amsler chart 7
d. Electroretinogram
e. Frequency Doubling Perimetry
ab. Goldman
ac. Static VF test
ad. Confrontation

A

d. Electroretinogram

27
Q

Similar to chart 1 but contains additional square for macular assessment
a. angent Screen Perimetry
b. Kinetic VF
c. Amsler chart 7
d. Electroretinogram
e. Frequency Doubling Perimetry
ab. Goldman
ac. Static VF test
ad. Confrontation

A

c. Amsler chart 7

28
Q

Bjerrum VF
a. angent Screen Perimetry
b. Kinetic VF
c. Amsler chart 7
d. Electroretinogram
e. Frequency Doubling Perimetry
ab. Goldman
ac. Static VF test
ad. Confrontation

A

ac. Static VF test

29
Q

More comprehensive than Amsler grid but less accurate than automated perimetry
a. angent Screen Perimetry
b. Kinetic VF
c. Amsler chart 7
d. Electroretinogram
e. Frequency Doubling Perimetry
ab. Goldman
ac. Static VF test
ad. Confrontation

A

e. Frequency Doubling Perimetry ??

30
Q

Black felt material stitched with radial lines
a. angent Screen Perimetry
b. Kinetic VF
c. Amsler chart 7
d. Electroretinogram
e. Frequency Doubling Perimetry
ab. Goldman
ac. Static VF test
ad. Confrontation

A

A. Tangent Screen Perimetry

31
Q
  1. What do you call the visual field defect of this patient?
    Right Homonymous Hemianopsia
    Left Homonymous Hemianopsia
A

Right Homonymous Hemianopsia

32
Q
  1. Where could the possible lesions be along the visual field defect?
    Right Optic Tract, Left optic radiation and Right visual cortex or left occipital lobe
    Left Optic Tract, Left optic radiation and Right visual cortex or left occipital lobe
    Right Optic Tract, Left optic radiation and Left visual cortex or left occipital lobe
    Left Optic Tract, Left optic radiation and Left visual cortex or left occipital lobe ??
A

Left Optic Tract, Left optic radiation and Left visual cortex or left occipital lobe ??

33
Q

What do you call the test that can identify APD?
Swinging Flashlight Test
Pupillary Test
RAPD Test

A

RAPD Test

34
Q
  1. What is the cause of this APD of OS?
    NAAION
    ION
    INO
A

NAAION ????

35
Q

ANO TONG CASE NA TO SA PIC
oculomotor nerve palsy
trochlear nerve palsy
abducens nerve palsy
1ST PIC

A

oculomotor nerve palsy??

36
Q

What is the primary gaze observation?
left hypotropia
right hypertropia
esophoria
exophoria

A

right hypertropia (?)

37
Q

With such a condition, where will the strabismus worsen?
left gaze
right gaze

A

right gaze (?)

38
Q

What should the head tilt be to reduce the degree of strabismus?
right head tilt
left head tilt

A

left head tilt

39
Q

If this patient is to look down, what would be most likely the findings?
left eye has an overaction
left eye has an underaction
right eye has an underaction
right eye has an overaction

A
40
Q

The following are true about the trochlear nerve:
The fourth cranial nerve controls the actions of one of the external eye muscles, the inferior oblique muscle
It turns the eye outward and downward
The only cranial nerve that starts at the back of the brain
It passes through a loop of tissue near the nose known as the trochlea

A

he fourth cranial nerve controls the actions of one of the external eye muscles, the inferior oblique muscle
The only cranial nerve that starts at the back of the brain
It passes through a loop of tissue near the nose known as the trochlea

41
Q

Diplopia is a common sign of fourth nerve palsy
True
False

A

False (symptoms dapat)

42
Q

Tests to help tell fourth nerve palsy from other conditions may include: LAHAT
blood test
CT/MRI
Ultrasound
Spinal tap
Nerve stimulation tests

A

lahat

43
Q

A 33-year old patient represents to the emergency department with the left eye turned down and out with ptosis and mydriasis. He had a traffic accident two hours ago and sustained several injuries, including trauma to the head. Which of the following cranial nerves was most likely injured?
CN3
CN4
CN6
oculomotor nerve

A

CN3
oculomotor nerve

44
Q

f the palsy is non-pupil-sparing, prompt neuro-ophthalmic evaluation should be undertaken.
True
False

A

t

45
Q

Trauma and tumors - intraorbital portion
aneurysm and diabetes mellitus - basilar portion
cerebral cortex - supranuclear lesion
demyelination - nuclear lesions

A
46
Q

hypo
What is the initial impression of this patient upon gross observation of the eyes in primary position?
Superior oblique palsy
ocumolotor nerve palsy
CNO palsy

A

Superior oblique palsy

47
Q

The eye is fully abducted and depressed because of the unopposed activity of the medial rectus and superior oblique.
True
False

A

True???

48
Q

ESO
Broad H test was performed on this patient, upon levoversion, this was revealed. What is the impression on this patient>
cranial nerve 6 problem
cranial nerve 3 problem
cranial nerve 4 problem

A

cranial nerve 6 problem

49
Q

Such patient will suffer diplopia in when looking to the right.
True
False.

A

t

50
Q

subarachnoid space -
petrous apex -
Ischemic stroke-
internal carotid artery aneurysm -
cavernous sinus
nuclear and fascircular
otitis media
increased intracranial pressure

A

subarachnoid space - increased intracranial pressure
petrous apex - otitis media
Ischemic stroke- nuclear and fascircular
internal carotid artery aneurysm - cavernous sinus

51
Q

Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for an abducens nerve palsy.
True
False

A

t

52
Q

Abducens nerve palsy results in an inability of the abducens nerve to transmit signals to the lateral rectus, resulting in an inability to adduct the eye and horizontal diplopia.
True
False

A

t

53
Q

Dysfunction of the abducens nerve can occur at any point of its transit from the pons to the lateral rectus muscle, resulting in sixth nerve palsy.
True
False

A

t

54
Q
A

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