2 Flashcards
The most common accommodative problem
According to insu
Asthenopia associated with near task is its main symptom
Acc insu
Characterized by an inadequate accommodative ability than expected for age
Acc insu
Not a result of crystalline lens problems
Acc insu
AOA is significantly lower than the lower
limit of expected for age using Hofstetter’s
formula
Acc insu
These patients will usually exhibit a
reduction in the accommodative amplitude
by 2D or more
Acc insu
They also show a reduced positive relative
accommodation (PRA)
Acc insu
● Difficulty with minus lens of accommodative facility
Acc insu
An increased lag of accommodation
Acc insu
This is a sub classification of accommodative insufficiency
Ill su acc
● It is considered as the first stage of accommodative insufficiency
Ill sus acc
It is also known as accommodative fatigue
Ill sus acc
Patient has sufficient amount of
accommodation as confirmed by results of
AOA
Ill sus acc
Repeated accommodative stimulation
causes fatigue therefore it cannot maintain its accommodative response
Ill sus acc
Patients with this disorder initially report the ability to do near work and experience discomforts after some time
Ill sus acc
Patients with this disorder initially report the ability to do near work and experience discomforts after some time
Ill sus acc
● The accommodative system loses power and near point recedes causing blur near vision;
normal amplitudes of accommodation begin to deteriorate over time
Ill sus acc
It has been categorized as a sub classification of accommodative insufficiency
Ill sus
Para acc
It is a sudden onset insufficiencies in accommodation caused by either organic disorders in the nervous system or toxins
Pra acc
This is the failure of the accommodative apparatus to respond to stimulus
Pra acc
It may be sudden or insidious
Para acc
It can be unilateral or bilateral
● It is most often unilateral with extra ocular
muscles and pupillary involvement either fixed or dilated caused by the following
○ careless use of cycloplegic drugs
○ toxicity
○ accidents
○ congenital defects
○ diseases of the system
Para acc
It has also been associated with
glaucoma, and has a favorable prognosis
for recovery
Para acc
● It leads to the other category of
accommodative dysfunction called unequal accommodation, a possible cause of this condition being functional amblyopia
Para acc
It is also variously referred to as:
○ accommodative spasm
○ ciliary spasm
○ spasm of the near reflex
Acc exc
It is often secondary to convergence
insufficiency and can also be regarded as an inability to relax accommodation, known as a spasm of accommodation
Acc exc
Discomfort with works requiring relax accommodation Intermittent blurred vision both near and distance
Acc excess
distance blur becomes worse after prolong near work or towards the end of the day
■ pseudomyopia
● The main symptoms are:
●
■ worse with dim illumination
Acc exc
higher accommodative amplitude than age expected norms
○ lead of accommodation
○ reduced negative relative
accommodation
Acc exc
This is a condition that occurs when the accommodative dynamics are slowed
Acc infa
There is difficulty with both stimulation and relaxation response to accommodation
Acc infa
● There is difficulty changing fixation between distance and near
Acc infa
● The change in accommodation between distance and near focus is not readily achieved and accurate due to abnormal accommodative response
Acc infa
● Changes in accommodation only occur with effort and difficulty in the presence of normal response magnitude
Acc infa
Patients who are exhibiting this condition usually complaining of near-to-far or far-to-near blur
Acc infa
Accommodative amplitude is normal; there is inadequacy in the ability of the visual system to quickly use this amplitude for longer period
Acc infa
Q No response to stimulus
Acc para
Q No response to stimulus
Acc para
Associated with neurological disorders
Para acc
Accommodative fatigue
Ill sus
Near task cannot be accomplished at the end of the dayacc infa
Ill sus
Patient experiences far to near blur or near to far blur
Acc infa
This is a condition that occurs when the accommodative dynamics are slowed
Acc infa
The change in accommodation between distance and near focus is not readily achieved and accurate due to abnormal accommodative response
Acc infa
Changes in accommodation only occur with effort anc difficulty in the presence of normal response magnitude
Ill sus Acc
Discomfort with works requiring relax accommodation
Acc excess
Distance blur becomes worse after prolong near work or towards the end of the day
Acc excess
Higher accommodative amplitude than age expected norms
Acc excess
It is a sudden onset insufficiencies in accommodation caused by either organic disorders in the nervous system or toxins.
Acc para
This is the failure of the accommodative apparatus to respond to stimulus
Para acc
It leads to the other category of accommodative dysfunction called unequal accommodation, a possible cause of this condition being functional amblyopia
Para acc
Repeated accommodative stimulation causes fatigue therefore it cannot maintain its accommodative
response
Ill sus acc
This is due to the failure of the accommodative apparatus to maintain its effort to accommodate with continuous near work
Ill sus acc
The accommodative system loses power and near point recedes causing blur near vision; normal amplitudes of accommodation begin to deteriorate over time
Ill sus
Characterized by an inadequate accommodative ability than expected for age
Acc Insu
