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Chapter 2 radiation safety: protection equipment , and QA > C. monitoring radiation areas D.MRI E. handling disposing radioactive material > Flashcards

C. monitoring radiation areas D.MRI E. handling disposing radioactive material Flashcards

1
Q

_______ areas are areas that are strictly supervised by a radiation safety officer

A

Restricted/controlled

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2
Q

restricted/ controlled areas have an occupational limit of radiation and cannot receive more than

A

1 rem per year

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3
Q

The Radiation symbol has three blades that are magenta, purple, or black on a yellow background

A
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3
Q

________ areas are areas that are not under the strict supervision of a radiation safety

  • these areas are usually occupied by the general public
A

Unrestricted/uncontrolledUnrestricted/uncontrolled

  • .5 rem per year
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4
Q

A “_____” sign Should be posted when a person may receive a dose
0.005 rem (5 mrem) (0.05 mSv) in one hour at 30 cm from a radiation source

A

radiation area

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5
Q

A “_______” sign should be posted when a person can receive a dose 0.1 rem (1 mSv) in one hour at 30 cm from a radiation source

A

high radiation area

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6
Q

A “_______” sign should be posted When a person can receive more than 500 rads (5 gray) in one hour at 1 meter from a radiation source

A

very high radiation area

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7
Q

“___________” should be posted in areas where sources of radiation are used and/or stored (example: patient with 1-131 )

A

Caution: Radioactive Materials

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8
Q

Radiation monitoring devices detect

A

low levels of radiation

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9
Q

Radiation monitoring Devices should be specific to the type of

A

radiation within the area

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10
Q

Areas with low levels of radiation require equipment sensitive enough to detect lower levels. Examples include

A

Ionization chambers, Geiger counters, TLDs, film, etc.

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11
Q

When designing a radiation therapy treatment room, it should be shielded to protect people from the

A

highest beam energy the machine can produce

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12
Q

Barriers must be designed so that the dose equivalent an individual receives does not exceed the ________ (whether occupational or the public)

A

maximum allowed dose

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13
Q

If a machine produces energies above 10 MV, then the room should also be shielded against

A

neutron contanimation

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14
Q

A _______ will be directly hit by the useful/primary radiation beam

A

primary barrier

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15
Q

Primary barrier formula information:

A

P = allowed dose equivalent for people in the area being protected

Workload (W) = weekly dose delivered at 1 m from the source for MV linacs

Use Factor (U): the amount of time the beam is aimed at a barrier

Occupancy factor (T) is the amount of time the bordering rooms will be occupied

Distance (d): distance from the source to the area being protected Expressed in meters

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16
Q

__________ are some materials that are used for barriers

A

Lead, tungsten, aluminum, and concrete

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17
Q

____is the most common barrier used and is the cheapest option

A

Concrete

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18
Q

Average thickness of concrete for a primary barrier is _____ for beams with energies of

A
  • 2 meters

-15-18 MV

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19
Q

A _______ will be hit by scatter or leakage radiation. Not directly hit by the primary beam

A

secondary barrier

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20
Q

Average thickness of a secondary concrete barrier is 1 meter for ___ energy beams

A

18 MV

21
Q

BIOMEDICAL IMPLANTS: The potential injury to the patient and potential damage to the device or implant must be known prior to the

A

MRI procedure

22
Q

Examples of _______ implants include aneurysm clips, implanted neurostimulators, implantable spinal fusion stimulators, electronically activated, implanted drug infusion pumps heart valve prostheses, ocular implants, dental implants, cochlear implants, vascular access ports and catheters, intravascular stents, filters and coils, breast tissue expanders and implants, and penile implants

A

biomedical

23
Q

______clips made of pure titanium, titanium alloy, Elgiloy, MP35N, and Phynox are MR compatible

A

aneurysm

24
Q

The FDA states that patients with implanted _______should not have an MRI. There are certain types of newer devices that are MR safe, but very strict procedures must be in place for these instances

A

neurostimulators

25
Q

_________stimulators are MR safe, but also have specific safety guidelines to follow when performing MRIs

A

Implantable spinal fusion

26
Q

_______infusion pumps with magnetic switches are not MR safe

A

implantable drug

27
Q

_____valve prostheses do contain metal, but MRIs are not considered hazardous to these devices

A

Heart

28
Q

_____ implants are generally not considered MR safe

A

ocular

29
Q

Dental implants are typically MR safe, except those with

A

magnetically activated pieces

30
Q

When foreign bodies are in the orbits during an MRI, ____ may occur

A

blindness

30
Q

» Cochlear implants are not MR safe because MRIs can

A

damage the device

31
Q

Vascular access ports and catheters are considered

A

MR safe

32
Q

______ screening questions include questions such as potential or current pregnancies
This includes late menstrual cycles and fertility treatments

A

Pre- MRI

33
Q

_______ must be discussed by patient, radiologist, and referring physician prior to performing an MRI

A

Risks and benefits

34
Q

____ guidelines for safety of imaging a fetus with MRI have not been created

A

FDA

34
Q

There have been no studies that show _____ side effects from an MRI during pregnancy

A

negative

35
Q

_____Screening forms must include questions about permanent tattoos. Patients with tattoos or other permanent cosmetics may experience skin reactions with this. Reactions include tingling sensation, skin irritation, cutaneous swelling, and/or heating to burning sensations

A

MRI

36
Q

Any medical equipment needed during the MRI must be

A

MR Safe

37
Q

MR safe equipment has no ____ components

A

ferromagnetic

38
Q

All patients should be properly screened for ____objects prior to entering MR environment

A

metal

39
Q

Abide by ALARA and three cardinal methods of protection (time, distance, and shielding) when around and/or handling radioactive materials to keep exposure to a

A

minimum

39
Q

When Handling and Disposing Radioactive Materials you Must wear proper personal protection and monitoring when handling

A

radioactive materials

40
Q

Radioactive waste from medical facilities is typically considered _____waste and should be sent to a specific disposal facility. Disposal facilities store the radioactive waste in special ways in order to reduce exposure to the public

A

low-level

41
Q

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and Department of Transportation (DOT) work together to transport

A

radioactive wastes to storage and disposal sites

42
Q

radioactive material and waste decays over time and eventually becomes

A

non-hazardous

43
Q

Different radioactive materials have different lengths of

A

decay

44
Q

________ is a federal agency that regulates the safe radioactive materials and protects the public health in regards to radioactive materials

A

NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commission)

45
Q

_______ is an agency that regulates the removal, storage and usage of nuclear waste

A

EPA ( environmental protection agency)

46
Q

Nuclear waste can be disposed of by flushing it into a sewer system after the material has gone through

A

enough decay

46
Q

________ helps to supervise and regulate the transportation of hazardous radioactive material

A

DOT ( department of transportation)

47
Q

Radioactive materials can be disposed of after

A

ten half-lives

Chapter 2 radiation safety: protection equipment , and QA (6 decks)

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