C List Flashcards

Question 1

Q

Edmund Spenser [The Faerie Queene] (1590-1596): Language

Answer

A

Spenser deliberately used archaic orthography (conventional spelling) and diction (choice of words and phrases in sentences) to have antique flavor. Spenser was close contemporary of Shakespeare.

Question 2

Q

Edmund Spenser [The Faerie Queene] (1590-1596): Form

Answer

A

Spenserian stanza.
Rhymes ab,abb,cb,cc. Iambic pentameter, last ninth line is iambic hexameter (Alexandrine).

Spenserian stanza has been used into twentieth century.

Question 3

Q

Edmund Spenser [The Faerie Queene] (1590-1596): Quote

Answer

A

“Be well aware,” quoth then that Ladie milde,
“Least suddaine mischiefe ye too rash provoke:
The danger hid, the place unknown and wilde,
Breedes dreadfull doubts: Oft fire is without smoke,
And perill without show: therefore your hardy stroke
Sir knight with-hold, till further tryall made.”
“Ah Ladie” (sayd he) shame were to revoke,
The forward footing for an hidden shade:
Vertue gives her selfe light, through darkenesse for the wade.”

Question 4

Q

Christopher Marlowe [Tamburlaine the Great (Parts I and II)]: Synopsis

Answer

A

Scythian shepherd, Tamburlaine, becomes a ferocious and successful conqueror in Asia Minor. Zenocrate is main female character.

Question 5

Q

Christopher Marlowe [Tamburlaine the Great (Part I)]: Synopsis

Answer

A

Tamburlaine allies with Therimadas and Cosroe, defeating Mycetes, king of Persia then killing Cosroe due to his betrayal. He tortures Turkish king Bajazeth and queen Zabina, causing their suicide. He also kills king of Arabia despite the virgins he had sent (who are also killed) and defeats Egypt and spares the sultan. The Egyptian princess Zenocrate is made queen of Persia.

Question 6

Q

Christopher Marlowe [Doctor Faustus]: Synopsis

Answer

A

A sorcerer sells his soul for power. He gets served and persecuted by Lucifer, Beezlebub, Mephistopheles.

Question 7

Q

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe [Faust]

Answer

A

Faust sells his soul for knowledge and deals with single satanic agent named Mephistopheles.

Question 8

Q

John Donne “The Sun Rising” (1633-date of publication): Quotes

Answer

A

Busy old fool, unruly sun,
Why dost thou thus
Through windows and through curtains call on us?
Must to thy motions lovers’ seasons run?
Saucy pedantic wretch, go chide
Late schoolboys and sour prentices,
Go tell court huntsmen that the kind will ride,
Call country ants to harvest offices;
Love, all alike, no season knows nor clime,
Nor hours, days, months, which are the rags of time.

 Thy beams, so reverend and strong
 Why shouldst thou think? I could eclipse and cloud them with a wink, But that I would not lose her sight so long;
 If her eyes have not blinded thine,
 Look, and tomorrow late, tell me,    Whether both th'Indias of spice and mine    Be where thou leftst them, or lie here with me. Ask for those king whom thou saw'st yesterday, And thou shalt hear, All here in one bed lay.

 She is all states, and all princes I,
 Nothing else is. Princes do but play us; compared to this, All honor's mimic, all wealth alchemy.
 Thou, sun, art half as happy as we,
 In that the world's contracted thus;    Thine age asks ease, and since thy duties be    To warm the world, that's done in warming us. Shine here to us, and thou art everywhere; This bed thy center is, these walls thy sphere.

Question 9

Q

John Donne “The Flea” (1633-date of publication): Quotes

Answer

A

Mark but this flea, and mark in this,
How little that which thou deniest me is,
Me it sucked first, and now it sucks thee,
And in this flea our two bloods mingled be;
Thou know’st that this cannot be said
A sin, or shame, or loss of maidenhead,
Yet this enjoys before it woo,
And pampered swells with one blood made of two,
And this, alas, is more than we would do.

Oh stay, three lives in one flea spare,
Where we almost, nay more than married are.
This flea is you and I, and this
Our marriage bed and marriage temple is;
Though parents grudge, and you, we are met,
And cloistered in these living walls of jet.
Though use make you apt to kill me,
Let not to that, self-murder added be,
And sacrilege, three sins in killing three.

Cruel and sudden, hast thou since
Purpled thy nail in blood of innocence?
Wherein could this flea guilty be,
Except in that drop which it sucked from thee?
Yet thou triumph’st, and say’st that thou
Find’st not thy self nor me the weaker now;
‘This true; then learn how false fears be:
Just so much honor, when thou yield’st to me,
Will waste, as this flea’s death took life from thee.

Question 10

Q

John Donne: Elegy

Answer

A

Thomas Carew (1594?-1640). “An Elegy upon the Death of the Dean of St. Paul’s, Dr. John Donne”

“The Muses’ garden, with pedantic weeds / O’erspread, was purged by thee; the lazy seeds / Of servile imitation thrown away, / And fresh invention planted…”

Question 11

Q

John Donne “Holy Sonnet 14”

Answer

A

Batter my heart, three-personed God; for you
As yet but knock, breathe, shine, and seek to mend;
That I may rise and stand, o’erthrow me, and bend
Your force to break, blow, burn, and make me new.
I, like an usurped town, to another due,
Labor to admit you, but O, to no end;
Reason, your viceroy in me, me should defend,
But is captived, and proves weak or untrue.
Yet dearly I love you, and would be loved fain,
But am betrothed unto your enemy.
Divorce me, untie or break that knot again;
Take me to you, imprison me, for I
Except you enthrall me, never shall be free,
Nor ever chaste, except you ravish me.

Question 12

Q

John Milton [Paradise Lost] (1667): Form

Answer

A

Blank verse.

Extremely long and complicated sentences.

Question 13

Q

John Milton [Paradise Lost] (1667): Quotes

Answer

A

Thrones, Dominations, Princedoms, Virtues, Powers,
If these magnific Titles yet remain
Not merely titular, since by Decree
Another now to himself ingross't
All power, and us eclipst under the name
Of King anointed, for whom all the haste
Of midnight march, and hurried meeting here,
This only to consult how we may best
With what may be devis'd of honors new
Receive him coming to receive from us
Knee-tribute yet unpaid, prostration vile,
Too much to one, yet double how endur'd,
To one and to his image now proclaim'd?

Question 14

Q

Areopagitica (1644): Content

Answer

A

Defense of free expression, Condemnation of sensorship.
Most of Milton’s political prose (divorce tracts) is interested in separating spiritual and temporal authority.
Free press is God’s will because published books are the means for hearing God’s Revelation.

Question 15

Q

Areopagitica (1644): Quotes

Answer

A

“…as good almost kill am an as kill a good book. Who kills a man kills a reasonable creature, God’s image; but he who destroys a good book, kills reason itself, kills image of God, as it were in the eye.”

Question 16

Q

Comus (1634): Genre

Answer

A

Masque: a dramatic form in which all entertainment systems are involved, music, singing, dancing, acting, stage design. Often offered as tribute to the patron.

Flourished in Milton’s time.

Question 17

Q

Comus (1634): Title

Answer

A

[A Mask, Presented at Ludlow Castle]

Question 18

Q

Comus (1634): Synopsis

Answer

A

A lady gets lost in the woods, falls asleep, is captured by lecherous Comus. She faces erotic harassments.

Question 19

Q

Comus (1634): Quotes

Answer

A

Mortals, that would follow me,
Love Virtue; she alone is free.
She can teach ye how to climb
Higher than the sphery chime;
Or, if Virtue feeble were,
Heaven itself would stoop to her.

Question 20

Q

Lycidas (1637): References

Answer

A

Name “Lycidas” comes from Theocritus’ Idylls.

Herodotus also sports name “Lycidas”.

Question 21

Q

Lycidas (1637): References

Answer

A

Pastoral elegy for Edward King.
Name “Lycidas” comes from Theocritus’ Idylls.
Herodotus also sports name “Lycidas”.

Question 22

Q

Lydcidas (1637): Tradition

Answer

A

Shared pastoral past
Classical tradition
Christian tradition (St. Peter is “Pilot of Galilean Lake”)

Question 23

Q

Lycidas (1637): Tradition

Answer

A

Shared pastoral past
Classical tradition
Christian tradition (St. Peter is “Pilot of Galilean Lake”)

Question 24

Q

Lycidas (1637): Quotes

Answer

A

“Without the meed of some melodious tear.”
“But oh! the heavy change, now thou art gone, / Now thou art gone and never must return!”
“Fame is the spur that the clear spirit doth raise / (That last infirmity of noble mind) / To scorn delights and live laborious days”
“Look homeward, Angel, now, and melt with ruth: / And, O ye dolphins, waft the hapless youth.”

Question 25

Q

Lycidas (1637): Quotes - 2

Answer

A

“As killing as the canker to the rose, / Or taint-worm to the weanling herds that graze”
“At last he rose, and twitched his mantle blue: / Tomorrow to fresh woods, and pastures new.”
“Where your old bards, the famous Druids, lie, / Nor on the shaggy top of Mona high…”

Question 26

Q

John Bunyan [The Pilgrim’s Progress] (1678-1684): Synopsis

Answer

A

Christian passes places such as Slough of Despond, Vanity Fair, on his way to the Celestial City.

Question 27

Q

John Dryden [Mac Flecknoe(1678)]: Quotes

Answer

A

“Some beams of wit on other souls may fall, / Strike through, and make a lucid interval; / But Sh—’s genuine night admits no ray”
“No greater Jonson dares in socks appear; / But gentle Simkin just reception finds / Amidst this monument of vanished minds”
“A tun of man in thy large bulk is writ, / But sure thou’rt but a kilderkin of wit.”

Question 28

Q

John Bunyan [The Pilgrim’s Progress] (1678-1684): Quotes

Answer

A

OBST. What are the things you seek, since you leave all the world to find them?
CHR. I seek an inheritance incorruptible, undefiled, and that fadeth not away (I Peter i.4), and it is laid up in heaven, and safe there (Hebrews xi.16), to be bestowed, at the time appointed, on them that diligently seek it. Read it so, if you will, in my book.

Question 29

Q

John Dryden [Absalom and Achitophel]: Analogy

Answer

A

Absalom - Duke of Monmouth
Achitophel - Earl of Shaftesbury
King David - Charles II

Question 30

Q

John Dryden [Absalom and Achitophel]: Form

Answer

A

Heroic Couplets

Question 31

Q

John Dryden [Absalom and Achitophel]: Background

Answer

A

Hedonistic Charles spent so much time with his mistress that he has many offspring but no legitimate (Protestant) heir, leaving Catholic brother James as successor.

Question 32

Q

John Dryden [Mac Flecknoe]: Satirical Topic

Answer

A

John Dryden’s contemporary, dramatist Thomas Shadwell. The succession of Shadwell (Mac Flecknoe) to the throne of dullness.

Question 33

Q

John Dryden [Mac Flecknoe]: Form

Answer

A

Mock Epic (allusions to past and present literary figures)

Question 34

Q

Restoration Drama: Background

Answer

A

Restoration Period in literature is from 1660 (Restoration of Charles Stuart) to 1789 (French Revolution).

Drama was one of the most notable. Excepting 1777’s [The School for Scandal], best-known Restoration comedy was staged 1700-1730.

Question 35

Q

Restoration Comedy: Form

Answer

A

Prologue is in verse, plays are not.

Cynical, punning, inneundo-laden langauge.

Question 36

Q

Restoration Comedy: Topic

Answer

A

Tension between social codes of behavior about sex and marriage … and behavorial prerogative of lust and ambition. Farce.
“war between the sexes”

Question 37

Q

William Wycherley [The Country Wife] (1675): Synopsis

Answer

A

Mr. Horner tries to seduce as many women as possible by posing as impotent. Mr. Pinchwife married a young country girl so that she wouldn’t cheat, but Horner teaches her, and Margery tries to defend Horner’s virility.

Mrs. Squeamish, her sister-in-law Mrs. Dainty Fidget (married to Sir Jasper Fidget) and their friend Mrs. Squeamish, are all involved with Horner.

Horner’s friend Harcourt courts Pinchwife’s sister Alithea who’s engaged to stupid Sparkish.

Question 38

Q

George Etherege [The Man of Mode] (1676): Synopsis

Answer

A

Mr. Dorimant, a rake, gets together with witty heiress Harriet despite her mother Lady Woodvil’s disapproval. Belinda used to like Dorimant but changes her mind, Mrs. Loveit cannot let go of Dorimant and thus hurts the butt-of-the-joke Sir Fopling Flutter in the process.

Question 39

Q

William Congreve [The Way of the World] (1700): Synopsis

Answer

A

Once-rake Mirabell wants to marry Millament but her older companion Lady Wishfort hates him because Mirabell once pretended to love her. Mirabell ploys to have his servant Waitwell marry Lady Wishfort’s servant Foible then woo Lady Wishfort as Sir Rowland.

Mrs. Marwood seeks to foil Mirabell’s plan due to her unrequited desire of him, and tells Mr. Fainall (whom she’s having an affair with), who’s married to Mrs. Fainall - Lady Wishfort’s daughter. She tells him Mrs. Fainall had an affair with Mirabell as well.

Mr. Fainall’s attempt to rob Lady Wishfort’s wealth is foiled due to Millament announcing to marry Sir Willful, who seems to have control over all Lady Wishfort’s weath.

Mincing is Millament’s servant.

Question 40

Q

Richard Sheridan [The School for Sandal] (1777): Synopsis

Answer

A

Charles Surface wants to marry Maria for love, Joseph Surface for money. Lady Sneerwell who loves Charles starts rumors about Charles and Lady Teazle, Sir Peter Teazle’s young wife. Sir Benjamin Backbite also wants to marry Maria for money and likes spreading rumors.

Rumor turns out to be unsubstantiated, Sir Peter Teazle reconciles with Lady Teazle despite their monetary arguments, Sir Oliver Surface discovers Charles is actually the more grateful nephew than Joseph.

Question 41

Q

Jonathan Swift [Gulliver’s Travels] (1726): Imp Island and Giant Island

Answer

A

Lilliput (everyone is six inches tall)

Brobdingnag

Question 42

Q

Jonathan Swift [Gulliver’s Travels] (1726): Miyazaki referenced this

Answer

A

Laputa (flying island)

Question 43

Q

Jonathan Swift [Gulliver’s Travels] (1726): Galaxy Train 999 material

Answer

A

The Struldburgs (unhappy immortals who wish they could die)

Question 44

Q

Jonathan Swift [Gulliver’s Travels] (1726): Misanthropic

Answer

A

Houyhnhnms (intelligent clean-living right-thinking horses)

Yahoos (idiotic, dirty, violent creatures that seem humanish)

Question 45

Q

Alexander Pope (1688-1744): Style

Answer

A

Writes almost exclusively in heroic couplets (think mock epics.)
Lines end on natural pauses.

Question 46

Q

Alexander Pope [The Rape of the Lock] (1717): Parallels

Answer

A

Lord Petre cut Arabella Fermor’s hair. Arabella is called Belinda in the poem.

Epic invocation
Epic feast: coffee in little cups
Epic battle: card table

Interference of the gods: spirits that look over ladies’ affairs
Epic simile

Question 47

Q

Alexander Pope [The Dunciad] (1728): Meaning

Answer

A

Also a mock epic written in heroic couplets, assault on bad poetry and everyone that offended pope (especially English poet laureate Colly Cibber).

Question 48

Q

Alexander Pope [The Dunciad] (1728): Synopsis

Answer

A

Coronation ceremony of Bayes as poet laureate of Dulness, which will eventually prevail over all arts and sciences. Everyone falls asleep during the ceremony.

Question 49

Q

Samuel Johnson (1709-1784): Works

Answer

A

“The Vanity of Human Wishes” (poem)
[The Lives of the English Poets]
essays for journal [The Rambler]

Question 50

Q

Samuel Johnson: Crowning Achievement as Researcher

Answer

A

First… [A Dictionary of the English Language] (1755)a

tongue-in-cheek. “lexicographer: a writer of dictionaries, a harmless drudge”

Question 51

Q

Samuel Johnson: Related to His Life

Answer

A

[Rasselas] (The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia) (1759)
Melancholy novel about the prince’s unsuccessful quest for a happy, fulfilling “choice of life” (Johnson wrote it to settle debts from mother’s funeral)

Question 52

Q

James Boswell [The Life of Johnson] (1791): Style

Answer

A

Doesn’t just describe Johnson or discuss his thought, but snatches of Johnson in conversation with leading intellectual figures of the day.

Question 53

Q

James Boswell [The Life of Johnson] (1791): Content

Answer

A

Samuel Johnson is witty, erudite conversationalist with a melancholy streak.
Generosity of spirit and bursts of irritability.

Question 54

Q

William Blake (1757-1827): Style

Answer

A

Can be stylistically distinct but consistent in spiritual base (reconciliation of opposites is important in his philosophy)

Question 55

Q

William Blake: Personal Theological Works

Answer

A

[The Marriage of Heaven and Hell] (1793)

[Visions of the Daughters of Albion] (1793)

Question 56

Q

William Blake: Poems

Answer

A

[Songs of Innocence] (1789)
[Songs of Experience] (1789)
Childlike simplicity of meter and syntax.

Question 57

Q

William Blake “The Tyger” (1794)

Answer

A

Tyger Tyger, burning bright,
In the forests of the night;
What immortal hand or eye
Could frame thy fearful symmetry?

In what distant deeps or skies.
Burnt the fire of thine eyes?
On what wings dare he aspire?
What the hand, dare seize the fire?

And what shoulder, & what art,
Could twist the sinews of thy heart?
And when thy heart began to beat,
What dread hand? & What dread feet?

What the hammer? what the chain,
In what furnace was thy brain?
What the anvil? what dread grasp,
Dare its deadly terrors clasp!

When the stars threw down their spears
And water’d heaven with their tears:
Did he smile his work to see?
Did he who made the Lamb make thee?

Tyger Tyger burning bright,
In the forests of the night:
What immortal hand or eye,
Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?

Question 58

Q

The First True Gothic Novel

Answer

A

Horace Walpole [The Castle of Otranto] (1764) (arbitrary end date of the gothic is 1860)
Was an instant success.

Question 59

Q

Even More Popular Gothic Novel

Answer

A

Anne Radcliffe [The Mysteries of Udolpho] (1794)
Takes Walpole’s aesthetic and adds a twist… Walpole’s novel has truly supernatural events (statues bleeding) but Radcliffe novel has events that seem supernatural but have real-world explanations.

Question 60

Q

Gothic Explique

Answer

A

Summing up and revealing true causes of many seeming impossibilities. Important feature in Detective Story (Edgar Allan Poe, “The Murders on the Rue Morgue” “The Purloined Letter”)

Question 61

Q

Spoof of the Gothic

Answer

A

Jane Austen [Northanger Abbey]

Question 62

Q

Another Popular Gothic Novel

Answer

A

M. G. “Monk” Lewis [The Monk]

Question 63

Q

Anne Radcliffe [The Mysteries of Udolpho] (1794): Motto

Answer

A

“Fate sits on these dark battlements and frowns,
And as the portal opens to receive me,
A voice in hollow murmur through the courts
Tells of a nameless deed.”

Question 64

Q

Jane Austen (1775-1817): General

Answer

A

Understated ironic treatment of character.

Answer 65

A

Elinor Dashwood loves Edward Ferrars (brother-in-law to Elinor’s half-brother John Dashwood), who momentary is engaged to Lucy Steele but becomes free to marry when Lucy chooses the wealthier Robert Ferrars.

John Willoughby courts Marianne Dashwood, abandons her for a rich lady, then repents. Marianne is engaged to Colonel Brandon.

Answer 66

A

Jane Bennet marries Charles Bingley despite Miss Bingley’s haughtiness and Mr. Darcy’s initial mistrust of the Bennets.

Fitzwilliam Darcy proposes to Elizabeth Bingley, is turned down, sends a letter and mends his ways, Elizabeth marries her.

Lydia Bennet elopes with liar and rake George Wickham then marries him thanks to Darcy’s intervention.

Answer 67

A

Maria Bertram at the Mansfield Park is courted by Henry Crawford (who loves Fanny Price) and elopes even though she’s married to Rushworth, eventually sent to live with cruel busybody Mrs. Norris.

Julia Bertram is upset and elopes with Yates (Tom Bertram’s friend) but both are eventually reconciled to the family.

Fanny Price’s mother (sister to Lady Bertram) has married beneath her and is poor. Fanny is attracted to Edmund Bertram who is initially attracted to Mary Crawford, but eventually marries Fanny.

Answer 68

A

Emma Woodhouse (“handsome, clever and rich”) is obsessed with matchmaking and thinks friend Harriet Smith should marry a gentleman. She is attracted to Frank Churchill and acts cruelly about Miss Bates, the aunt of Jane Fairfax (accomplished and later revealed to be engaged with Frank). Emma eventually marries Mr. Knightly, a friend and brother-in-law. Harriet marries Robert Martin, whom she initially turned down due to Emma’s advice.

Answer 69

A

Catherine Morland lives in Bath thanks to family friends the Allens. She meets Henry Tilney, a clergyman she comes to love, and the family of Mrs. Thrope, friend of Mrs. Allen.

John Thorpe pursues Catherine in a rude way, James Morland pursues Isabella Thorpe (who becomes friends with Catherine). Isabella turns James down then is abandoned by Henry’s brother, Captain Frederick Tilney.

General Tilney momentarily sends Catherine away from the abbey due to her family’s low income, Henry and Catherine eventually get married.

Answer 70

A

Largely parody of Anne Radcliffe’s [The Mysteries of Udolpho]

Strange bureau in Catherine’s room is just receipts.
Henry and Eleanor’s mother was NOT murdered by General Tilney and Catherine got scolded by Henry for sneaking into her room.

Answer 71

A

Sir Walter’s expenses exceed his income and he rents out Kellynch Hall. Admiral Croft and Mrs. Croft come live, and Mrs. Croft is sister of Captain Frederick Wentworth.

Anne goes to live with sister Mary who is married to Charles Musgrove; Elizabeth and Sir Walter go live in Bath with family advisor, Lady Russell. Anne later goes to visit them and meets Mr. Elliot, a cousin that was once estranged to Sir Walter.

Anne learns from an old friend Mrs. Smith that Mr. Elliot wants to marry Anne so that he can be sole owner of family fortune. Captain Wentworth turns out not to be interested in Charles Musgrove’s sisters and sends love letter to Anne; two are married.

Answer 72

A

Somewhere around 1810.
Called Lake Poets because of long residence in Lake District of England.
William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey.

Answer 73

A

Rustic people, rural settings.
Nonacademic language (he claims).

Answer 74

A

“Preface to [Lyrical Ballads”, [Lyrical Ballads]. His works with Coleridge.
Seminal Romantic work.

Answer 75

A

Poetry emerges from spontaneity yet must not be written spontaneously. Observation-Recollection-Filtering-Composition.

What matters is not whether the subject is poetic but whether the poet can make it so.

Answer 76

A

“poetry is the breath and finer spirit of knowledge”

“Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings; it takes its origin from emotions collected in tranquility.”

Answer 77

A

“Water, water, every where,
And all of the boards did shrink;
Water, water, every where,
nor any drop to drink.”

Answer 78

A

Published 1817. Like [Lyrical Ballads], a seminal romantic work.

Answer 79

A

Seeing as imagination is supreme faculty of human intellect, its cultivation is both prerequisite and goal of poetry.

Answer 80

A

Imagination is not fantasy but perceiving world and self, re-expressing through poet’s whole being, mind and soul, rational and irrational

Answer 81

A

Delicately witty essayist.

Coleridge and Wordsworth were Lamb’s valued correspondents. Wrote response to [Lyrical Ballads]; made much of contrast between his love of urbanity and Lake Poets’ love of muddy-boots-and-daffodils.

Answer 82

A

“Every other science presupposes intelligence as already existing and complete: the philosopher contemplates it in its growth, and as it were presents its history to the mind from its birth to its maturity.”

“The reader should be carried forward, not merely or chiefly by the mechanical impulse of curiosity, or by a restless desire to arrive at the final solution; but by the pleasurable activity of the mind excited by the attractions of the journey itself.”

Answer 83

A

Student of German philosophy, especially Immanuel Kant, and early English advocate of Goethe.

Answer 84

A

Philosophical work in guise of fiction, similar to later works such as Kierkegaard [Either/Or], Nietzsche [Thus Spake Zarathustra]

Answer 85

A

Title means “the tailor reclothed”
The relationship of outward appearances and inward essences… Carlyle’s spiritual growth (Teufelsdröckh is author’s proxy)

Answer 86

A

Editor bemoans the lack of mystery post-enlightenment and messages Teufelsdröckh (who teaches at Weissnichtwo) to explain his background and philosophy.

Teufelsdröckh once loved a woman and got spurned, pushing him into the Everlasting No (denial of life and god), (may be reason why he’s referred as the Wanderer) then through Center of Indifference, then to Everlasting Yea (purpose through belief in the divine).

Teufelsdröckh emphasizes symbolic wordview rather than scientific one, which the editor had lamented. Editor says his view must be satirical.

Answer 87

A

Inventive, passionate, humorous writer with a strong sense for the ridiculous.
Teufelsdröckh - “Demondung”
Weissnichtwo - “who knows where”

Answer 88

A

Converted from Anglican faith to Roman Catholicism. [Apologia Pro Vita Sua] (1864) explains this.

Answer 89

A

“A defense of one’s own life”

Answer 90

A

Importance of liberal arts education.
“As to the branch of university teaching, surely very name of University is inconsistent with restrictions of any kind.”
“It is a contradiction in terms to attempt a sinless literature of a sinful man.”

Answer 91

A

Breaks ideas point by point with almost unassailable logic… and yet not pedantic at all. Very calm and yet precise and yet at ease.

Answer 92

A

“For not this man and that man, but all man make up mankind, and their united tasks the task of mankind.”

“As the Swiss inscription says: Sprecfien ist silvern, Schweigen ist golden. (Speech is silvern, Silence is golden); or as I might rather express it: Speech is of Time, Silence is of Eternity.”
“Thus has the bewildered wanderer to stand, as so many have done, shouting question after question into the Sibyl-cave of Destiny, and receive no Answer but an Echo.”

Answer 93

A

Educated by James Mill (founder of Utilitarianism along with Jeremy Bentham). Suffers depression in early twenties (logic favored over fine arts - [Autobiography(1883)])

Answer 94

A

“But though direct moral teaching does much, indirect does more; and the effect my father produced on my character, did not depend solely on what he said or did with that direct object, but also, and still more, on what manner of man he was.”
“Those only are happy (I thought) who have their minds fixed on some object other than their own happiness … Ask yourself whether you are happy, and you cease to be so.”
“Experience has taught me that those who give their time to the absorbing claims of what is called society, not having leisure to keep up a large acquaintance with the organs of opinion, remain much more ignorant of the general state either of the public mind, or of the active and instructed part of it, than a recluse who reads the newspapers need be.”

Answer 95

A

In a democracy individuals must be protected against “the tyranny of the majority”

Answer 96

A

“poetry” - expression of the self to the self

“eloquence” - expression of self to another

Answer 97

A

“It has often been asked, What is Poetry? … The vulgarest of all … is that which confounds poetry with metrical composition. …”
“Many of the finest poems are in the form of novels, and in almost all good novels there is true poetry.”
“In this sense we may speak of the poetry of architecture. All architecture, to be impressive, must be the expression or symbol of some interesting idea; some thought, which has power over the emotions.”

Answer 98

A

“I consider it presumption in anyone to pretend to decide what women are or are not, can or cannot be, by natural constitution.”
“After the primary necessities of food and raiment, freedom is the first and strongest want of human nature.”
“Even a really superior man almost always begins to deteriorate when he is habitually (as phrase is) king of his company: and in his most habitual company the husband who has a wife inferior to him is always so.”

Answer 99

A

Calls on prior ages (ancient Greeks) as models of virtue and culture.
Attacks "philistinism" (tacky middle-class tastes) and praises "sweetness and light". (used extensively in [Culture and Anarchy], but originally coined by Jonathan Swift [Battle of the Books].)

Answer 100

A

“Such, I say, is the wonderful virtue of even the beginnings of perfection, of having conquered even the plain faults of our animality, that the religious organisation which has helped us to do it can seem to us something precious, salutary, and to be propagated, even when it wears such a brand of imperfection on its forehead as this.”

”

Answer 101

A

Criticism against movements of liberal reform and utilitarianism of Jeremy Bentham-John Stuart Mill (middle class must reform itself first).

“sweetness” is beauty and “light” is intelligence. Culture is a study of perfection in the individual, and utilitarians worship only the means of reaching it.

Answer 102

A

“the pathetic fallacy”
Projection of author’s sentiment onto an inanimate object.
Ex) Happy sunshine

Answer 103

A

Economic, social and moral history of Venice read through permanent structures

Answer 104

A

Hester Prynne commits adultery with Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale and wears scarlet A of Adultery. Her husband Roger Chillingworth pursues Dimmesdale as his physician but fails in his revenge when Dimmesdale reveals himself (and dies). Hester’s daughter Pearl used to be wild but grows up to be mature.

Answer 105

A

Based on Brook Farm (utopian community founded by Boston figures… Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Bronson Alcott, Henry David Thoreau).
Transcendentalism to Fourierism before dissolving in 1847.

Answer 106

A

Based on Brook Farm (utopian community founded by Boston figures… Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Bronson Alcott, Henry David Thoreau).
Transcendentalism to Fourierism before dissolving in 1847.

Answer 107

A

Believed that social structures should follow the individual, not the other way around.
Stages of society - first the same jobs work together and lessen waste, then harmony across job borders is achieved.
Effect on occultism.

Answer 108

A

Miles Coverdale befriends then later falls out with Hollingsworth who is dedicated to criminal reform. Hollingsworth marries Priscilla after falling out with Zenobia, but rues Zenobia’s suicide. Priscilla masquerades as the Veiled Lady due to Westervelt’s control. Priscilla and Zenobia are both Old Moodie’s daughters, but not from same mothers.

Answer 109

A

(Sin of the fathers)
Judge Pyncheon frames Clifford Pyncheon for Colonel Pyncheon’s death. Hepzibah Pyncheon opens a store in poverty and receives a cousin, Phoebe Pyncheon. Pheobe learns from Holgrave (sole tenant of the Seven Gables estate which has been built on the land owned by Matthew Maule, later hanged) that Alice Pyncheon died after being hypnotized by grandson Matthew Maule. Judge Pyncheon dies suddenly, leaving Clifford as heir, Hepzibah-Phoebe-Clifford Pyncheon, Holgrave, Uncle Venner all move to Judge’s estate leaving the gable rotting away.

Answer 110

A

Biblical-Shakespearean style of Ahab’s monologues

Answer 111

A

Chapter 119 “The Candles”
“Warmest climes but nurse the cruellest fangs: the tiger of Bengal crouches in spaced groves of ceaseless verdure. Skies the most effulgent but basket the deadliest thunders: gorgeous Cuba knows tornadoes that never swept tame northern lands. So, too, it is, that in these resplendent Japanese seas the mariner encounters the direst of all storms, the Typhoon. It will sometimes burst from out that cloudless sky, like an exploding bomb upon a dazed and sleepy town.”

Answer 112

A

“For as this ocean surrounds the verdant land, so in the soul in man there lies one insular Tahiti, full of peace and joy, but encompassed by all the horrors of the half-known life.”
“…to the last I grapple with thee; from hell’s heart I stab at thee; for hate’s sake I spit my last breath at thee.”
“There is a wisdom that is woe; but there is a woe that is madness. And there is a Catskill eagle in some souls that can alike dive down into the blackest gorges, and soar out of them again and become invisible in the sunny spaces.”

Answer 113

A

Ishmael is narrator, he meets harpooner Queequeg and board Pequod, captained by Ahab. Leader of smuggled harpoon crew Fedallah acts as prophet. (Gabriel from [Jeroboam] is a little more crazed prophet.)

One of the smuggled harpooners Tashtego is saved from the head of a sperm whale by Queequeg. Cabin boy Pip becomes another insane prophet. First mate Starbuck contemplates killing Ahab to end the quest.

Answer 114

A

Chock-full of biblical analogues and puns that frame Billy Budd as a Christlike figure.
Claggart has unreasonable animosity, aided on by Squeak, against handsome stuttering sailor Billy Budd, which fellow sailor Dansker attempts to explain. Billy accidentally kills Claggart when he accuses Billy of fraternizing with traitors. Billy is later hanged while blessing his Captain Vere.

Answer 115

A

Bartleby the scrivener refuses to check over his papers, to eat meals, to write, to move out of the building after fired, and then to move to a safe place so he wouldn’t get arrested. He eventually dies in prison.

Answer 116

A

He grew up in Brooklyn and worked in newspapers during his early career, in which he wrote undistinguished sappy things. In his mid-thirties, after wandering along the Atlantic seaboard and the South^Midwest of the U.S. he writes original and uniquely American celebration of self, spirit, democracy ([Leaves of Grass])

Answer 117

A

At first had 12 poems. A total of nine editions were published under Whitman’s supervision, and more poems were added - along enlarging^revising previous poems.

Answer 118

A

Most thought was influenced by German metaphysical philosophers (Hegel) to Hindu religious texts (Upanishads). Most important, transcendental philosophy of Emerson.

Answer 119

A

Whitman had ardor for innate brotherhood of man^spiritual virtues of democracy. He spent most of the Civil War in Washington D.C. as volunteer nurse for both Union and Confederate soldiers.
“When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d”
“O Captain, My Captain” (Both 1865)

Answer 120

A

First published in [Leaves of Grass].
Long, rolling, exuberant lines. Uses repetition instead of rhyme (somewhat shaggy verse)
(Look at 1-6, 48-52)

Answer 121

A

“I celebrate myself;
And what I assume you shall assume;
For every atom belonging to me, as good belongs to you.”

Answer 122

A

“I have heard what the talkers were talking, the talk of the beginning and the end,
But I do not talk of the beginning or the end.”
“And I know that the hand of God is the promise of my own,
And I know that the spirit of God is the brother of my own…”
“There is that in me–I don’t know what it is–but I know it is in me.”

Answer 123

A

“When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom’d,
And the great star early droop’d in the western sky in the night,
I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.”
“Coffin that passes through lanes and streets,
Through day and night with the great cloud darkening the land”
“Sing on there in the swamp,
O singer bashful and tender, I hear your notes, I hear your call”

Answer 124

A

“O Captain! My Captain! our fearful trip is done,
This ship has weather’d every rack, the prize we sought is won,
…
But O heart! heart! heart!”
“It is some dream that on the deck,
You’ve fallen cold and dead.”
“My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still”

Answer 125

A

Short clipped lines but a radiant mystic intensity.

Dashes end several of the lines.

Answer 126

A

Lived in the family home in Amherst, Massachusetts. Seldom traveled, never married. Nothing happened but inner life was intense.

Answer 127

A

The difference between Despair
And Fear–is like the One
Between the instant of a Wreck–
And when the Wreck has been–

The Mind is smooth–no Motion–
Contented as the Eye
Upon the Forehead of a Bust–
That knows–it cannot see–

Answer 128

A

I like a look of Agony,
Because I know it’s true–
Men do not sham Convulsion,
Nor simulate, a Throe–

The Eyes glaze once–and that is Death–
Impossible to feign
The Beads upon the Forehead
By homely Anguish strung.

Answer 129

A

There’s a certain Slant of light,
Winter Afternoons–
That oppresses, like the Heft
Of Cathedral Tunes–

Heavenly Hurt, it gives us–
We can find no scar,
But internal difference,
Where the Meanings, are–

None may teach it–Any–
‘Tis the Seal Despair–
An imperial affliction
Sent us of the Air–

When it comes, the Landscape listens–
Shadows–hold their breath–
When it goes, ‘tis like the Distance
On the look of Death–

Answer 130

A

I’m Nobody! Who are you?
Are you–Nobody–Too?
Then there’s a pair of us?
Don’t tell! they’d advertise–you know!

How dreary–to be–Somebody!
How public–like a Frog–
To tell one’s name–the livelong June–
To an admiring Bog!

Answer 131

A

There came a Day at Summer’s full,
Entirely for me–
I thought that such was for the Saints,
Where Resurrections–be–

The Sun, as common, went abroad,
The flowers, accustomed, blew,
As if no soul the solstice passed
That maketh all things new–

The time was scarce profaned, by speech–
The symbol of a word
Was needless, as at Sacrament–
The Wardrobe–of our Lord–

Each was to each The Sealed Church,
Permitted to commune this–time–
Lest we too awkward show
At supper of the Lamb.

The Hours slid fast–as Hours will,
Clutched tight, by greedy hands–
So faces on two Decks, look back,
Bound to opposing lands–

And so when all the time had leaked,
Without external sound
Each bound the Other’s Crucifix–
We gave no other Bond–

Sufficient troth, that we shall rise–
Deposed–at length, the Grave–
To that new Marriage,
Justified–through Calvaries of Love–

Answer 132

A

I heard a Fly buzz–when I died–
The Stillness in the Room
Was like the Stillness in the Air–
Between the Heaves of Storm–

The Eyes around–had wrung them dry–
And Breaths were gathering firm
For that last Onset–when the King
Be witnessed–in the Room–

I willed my Keepsakes–Signed away
What portion of me be
Assignable–and then it was
There interposed a Fly–

With Blue–uncertain stumbling Buzz–

Between the light–and me–
And then the Windows failed–and then
I could not see to see–

Answer 133

A

My Life had stood–a Loaded Gun–
In Corners–till a Day
The Owner passed–identified–
And carried Me away–

And now We roam in Sovereign Woods–
And now We hunt the Doe–
And every time I speak for Him–
The Mountains straight reply–

And do I smile, such cordial light
Upon the Valley glow–
It is as a Vesuvian face
Had let its pleasure through–

And when at Night–Our good Day done–
I guard My Master’s Head–
‘Tis better than the Eider Duck’s
Deep Pillow–to have shared–

To foe of His–I’m deadly foe–
None stir the second time–
On whom I lay a Yellow Eye–
Or an emphatic Thumb–

Though I than He–may longer live
He longer must–than I–
For I have but the power to kill,
Without–the power to die–

Answer 134

A

Eschews traditional beginning-middle-end form and foregrounds minor details of characters (opening line “Mrs. Dalloway said she would buy the flowers herself.”)

Answer 135

A

Intimate stream-of-consciousness but less allusion than Joyce and the other modernists … more on characters’ interiority (free indirect style by Jane Austen, Henry James)

Answer 136

A

Clarissa Dalloway hosts a party, attended by Peter Walsh and Sally Seton who both failed to accomplish dreams of their youth. Peter is obsessed by Clarissa’s refusal to marry him. Clarissa’s husband Richard Dalloway loves her but cannot say he does.

Sir William Bradshaw also attends the party, whose shell-shocked war veteran patient Septimus Smith commits suicide. Clarissa commends Septimus for not sacrificing his soul (something Septimus feared happening while having a moment of happiness with Lucrezia).

Answer 137

A

Similar to [Mrs. Dalloway(1925)] but more concerned with passage of time (middle section “Time Passes” - elliptical prose experiment. H-Shaped text)

Answer 138

A

Epistemological questions were important (especially inflected by temporality, each character’s experience of events)
“nothing is merely one thing”

Answer 139

A

Mrs. Ramsay is admired by Charles Tansley, a misogynist who admires Mr. Ramsay. Lily Briscoe resents Mr. Tansley and resolves to stay single despite Mrs. Ramsey’s intention to set her with William Bankes. Mrs. Ramsey does set Paul Rayley and Minta Doyle together.

Mr. Ramsey cannot stop seeking sympathy from women. He acts rudely to poet Augustus Carmichael.

During the elliptical time lapse, Mrs. McNab saves the house from disrepair. James and Cam both resent Mr. Ramsey but feel connected to him.

Answer 140

A

One of the most important statements in 20th cen. feminist aesthetics. Extended story of Shakespeare’s (invented) sister Judith and the impediments that would block her from writing as freely as her brother William.

Answer 141

A

“All I could do was to offer you an opinion upon one minor point–a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction.”

“Women have served all these centuries as looking glasses possessing magic and the delicious power of reflecting the figure of man at twice its natural size.”
“What is meant by ‘reality’? It would seem to be something very erratic, very undependable–now to be found in a dusty road, now in a scrap of newspaper in the street, now a daffodil in the sun. … But whatever it touches, it fixes and makes permanent.”

Answer 142

A

“The Dead”
Gabriel Conroy goes to party with wife Gretta. Gretta solemnly reacts to a song and reveals a girlhood lover Michael Furey who died from illness. This is an epiphany that ruptures the pastoral construction of the rest of the story.

Gabriel meditates on the snow, “His soul swooned slowly as he heard the snow falling faintly through the universe and faintly falling, like the descent of their last end, upon all the living and the end.”

Answer 143

A

Free indirect discourse, opening with babyspeak and ending with Stephen Dedalus’ journal pages.

Answer 144

A

“The artist, like the God of creation, remains within or behind or beyond or above his handiwork, invisible, refined out of existence, indifferent, paring his fingernails.”

Answer 145

A

“It was unfair and cruel because the doctor had told him not to read without glasses and he had written home to his father that morning to send him a new pair.”
“–Madam, I never eat muscatel grapes.”
“–Good! said MacCann, smacking his lips. You are a reactionary, then?
–Do you think you impress me, Stephen said, when you flourish your wooden sword?”

Answer 146

A

Stephen as Telemachus and Leopold Bloom as Odysseus, follows the “travels” of Bloom throughout Dublin on an unremarkable day in 1904.
Structurally analogous to Homer’s (each “episode” is based on an episode in the epic)

Answer 147

A

“yes I said yes I will Yes.”

end of “Penelope” episode, long stream-of-consciousness from perspective of Leopold Bloom’s wife Molly Bloom

Answer 148

A

Basically English but incorporating seventy different languages to make dreamspeak.
“Well, you know or don’t you kennet or haven’t I told you every telling has a taling and that’s the he and the she of it.”

Answer 149

A

Stream of consciousness, perspectival shifts, italics (internal reflection)

Answer 150

A

Perspective
Race
Effects of history on the life of the present
(Yoknapatawpha County)

Answer 151

A

Four sections.
First section narrated by a mentally disabled narrator named Benjy.
Second section by Quentin Compson, modernist style, conflates separate times and events

Answer 152

A

Quentin is obsessed by questions of Southernness and aftermath of Civil War.
Infatuated with sister Caddy’s purity (incestuous leaning) and repulsed by her promiscuity and incestuous feelings, commits suicide.

Answer 153

A

15 different narrators and 59 chapters. Title is allusion to Book XI Homer’s Odyssey.

Answer 154

A

Addie Bundren wishes to be buried in Jefferson. Addie had a loveless marriage to Anse Bundren and had an affair with Reverend Whitifield, leading to birth of Jewel. Darl thinks Jewel is ungrateful but actually Jewel rescues Addie’s coffin from the burning barn caused by Darl.

Cash Bundren had made the coffin and Vardaman Bundren bore holes in it. Dewey Dell Bundren wants to be rid of her pregnancy caused by Lafe. Vernon Tull’s two daughters and wife Cora Tull had helped Addie in her sickness.

Answer 155

A

Quentin tells the story to roommate Shreve with some help from his father and early memories from his grandfather and Rosa Coldfield.

Answer 156

A

Thomas Sutpen moves to Mississippi to become powerful and eventually owns plantations and slaves. After the Civil War he cannot restore the former glory and gets tangled in pairings between himself and his slaves.

Answer 157

A

Thomas Sutpen has son Henry and daughter Judith. Henry befriends Bon (half-brother from Thomas’ marriage with a partly black woman). Bon nearly marries Judith but is later killed by Henry.

Thomas impregnates Milly then is killed by her grandfather Wash Jones.

Quentin Compson is told of the Sutpen family story by Rosa Coldfield, sister of Ellen Sutpen who was Thomas’ wife (and also who was briefly courted by Thomas). They go to the Sutpen plantation where Henry Sutpen is killed by Clytie (Thomas Sutpen’s daughter with a slave woman) in an act of self-immolation.

Answer 158

A

Lived at her Paris apartment with lover Alice B. Toklas. Ernest Hemingway credited her with term “lost generation”.

Answer 159

A

Affected by Paul Cezanne (every element of the canvas is equal to every other element).
Repetition.
Exclusively in present tense.

Answer 160

A

“Sacred Emily(1913)”: “Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose.”

Answer 161

A

Stein’s relationships with young artists and how she discovered and popularized them (Paris in the 1910-1920s)

Answer 162

A

Biblical, classical, literary sources.
Cultural emptiness.
Mash-up of poetry and prose.

Answer 163

A

Allusions and seemingly disparate parts.

Answer 164

A

“In the room the women come and go / Talking of Michelangelo”
“And indeed there will be time / To wonder, ‘Do I dare?’ and, ‘Do I dare?’”
“Do I dare / Disturb the universe?”
“I should have been a pair of ragged claws / Scuttling across the floors of silent seas.”
“We have lingered in the chambers of the sea / By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown / Till human voices wake us, and we drown.”

Answer 165

A

“The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes… Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening”
“(They will say: ‘But how his arms and legs are thin!’)”
“I have measured out my life with coffee spoons;”

Answer 166

A

5 sections with 7 pages of notes
Polyglot vocabulary (Ex: Latin, Greek, Italian in just the dedication)
Cultural Allusion
Fragmentation (Ex: first stanza references the cruelty of April’s weather, alluding to Geoffrey Chaucer’s [Canterbury Tales])

Answer 167

A

“Bin gar keine Russin, stamm’ aus Litauen, echt deutsch.”
“Here, said she, / Is your card, the drowned Phoenician Sailor, / (Those are pearls that were his eyes. Look!)”
“A rat crept softly through the vegetation / Dragging its slimy belly on the bank”

Answer 168

A

Difficulty to find meaning in post WWI Europe
“This is the way the world ends / This is the way the world ends / This is the way the world ends / Not with a bang but a whimper.”

Answer 169

A

“Shape without form, shade without colour, / Paralyzed force, gesture without motion;”
“Let me be no nearer / In death’s dream kingdom / Let me also wear / Such deliberate disguises”
“Between the conception / And the creation / Between the emotion / And the response”

Answer 170

A

First long poem after his conversion to Anglicanism. Stylistic Turn (traditional forms of melody and prosody)
“Because I do not hope to turn again / Because I do not hope / Because I do not hope to turn.”

Answer 171

A

“It is this which recovers / My guts the strings of my eyes and the indigestible portions / Which the leopards reject”
“The single Rose / Is now the Garden”
“O my people, what have I done unto thee.”

Answer 172

A

For Eliot, “tradition” is not collection of cultural artifacts from the past; instead “simultaneous order” of timeless work that unites past and present.

Rather than inspired genius of Romantic poets, great artist attaches themselves to tradition to lift themselves above personal experience.

Answer 173

A

Impersonal poet - rises above their problems (“Hamlet and his Problems”)
Important paradigm for High Modernist authors (Tradition is like James Joyce’s Statement in [A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man] “like the God of creation” artist)

Answer 174

A

Sigismond, kind of Hungary, Orcanes, king of Natalia, reach a truce while Tamburlaine is coming to Natalia (with Theridamas, Techelles, Usumcasane). Orcanes defeats them. Zenocrate dies and Tamburlaine burns down the city she died in.

Therimadas and Techelles take Olympia from a northern city, Tamburlaine and Usumcasane harasses the new Turkish king Callapine.

Tamburlaine kills own son Calyphas, has him buried by Turkish concubines, then has the concubines raped. Olympia tricks Therimadas (who’s fallen in love with her) into killing her.

Tamburlaine hangs Babylonian king, has all Babylonians drowned, burns Islamic religious books. Amyras is crowned king and Tamburlaine finally freaking dies. Men truly are the absolute worst pigheaded tiny insects.

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