C. CH 32 Fluids, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Flashcards
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of antidiuretic hormone in the regulation of body fluids? When antidiuretic hormone is present,
a) The renal tubules become impermeable to water
b) The renal tubules become permeable to water
c) Urine output is increased and diluted
d) The frequency of voiding increases
b) The renal tubules become permeable to water
The process of filtration begins at the a. Glomerulus b. Loop of Henle c. Bowmans capsule D) Collecting ducts
a. Glomerulus
- The passageways of the kidney permit the urine to flow to the bladder and
A) Act as a valve that covers the junction between the ureters and the bladder
B) Surround the Bowmans capsule, which is where the formation of urine begins
C) Selectively reabsorb or secrete substance to maintain fluids and electrolytes
D) Control external sphincter of the urethra and permit the control of urination
C) Selectively reabsorb or secrete substance to maintain fluids and electrolytes
- Which of the following statements is an appropriate nursing diagnosis for an 80- year-old patient with the diagnosis of congestive heart failure with symptoms of edema, orthopnea, and confusion?
A) Extracellular volume excess related to heart failure as evidenced by edema and orthopnea
B) Congestive heart failure related to edema
C) Fluid volume excess related to loss of sodium and potassium
D) Fluid volume deficit related to congestive heart failure as evidenced by shortness of breath
A) Extracellular volume excess related to heart failure as evidenced by edema and orthopnea
5. A young man has developed gastric esophageal reflux disease. He is treating it with antacids. Which acid-base imbalance is he at risk for developing? A) Respiratory alkalosis B) Metabolic alkalosis C) Respiratory acidosis D) Metabolic acidosis
B) Metabolic alkalosis
- The nurse is reviewing the patients arterial blood gas results. The test reveals a pH of 7.52, a PaO2 level of 49 mmHg and an HCO3 level of 28 mEq/L. The nurse
suspects the patient is most likely experiencing which of the following conditions?
A) Metabolic alkalosis
B) Metabolic acidosis
C) Respiratory acidosis
D) Respiratory alkalosis
A) Metabolic alkalosis
7. When an 80-year-old patient who takes diuretics for management of hypertension informs the nurse she takes laxatives daily to promote bowel movements, the nurse assesses the patient for possible symptoms of A) Hypocalcemia B) Hypothyroidism C) Hypoglycemia D) Hypokalemia
D) Hypokalemia
8. A 50-year-old patient with hypertension is being treated with a diuretic. The patient complains of muscle weakness and falls easily. The nurse should assess which electrolyte? A) Sodium B) Chloride C) Phosphorous D) Potassium
D) Potassium
9. Which of the following individuals will take longer to sense thirst? A) 18-year-old B) 30-year-old C) 50-year-old D) 70-year-old
D) 70-year-old
10. Which of the following age groups is at risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalances resulting from fad dieting? A) Adolescents B) Young adults C) Middle-aged adults D) Older adults
A) Adolescents
11) A student has joined the marching band at his high school. The band begins practicing outside in August. This student and other band members need to be instructed that
a) This exercise will have a minimal effect on fluid and electrolytes
b) The band members should drink large amounts of water
c) Endurance increases as time increases on the field with heat
d) The hot weather will assist in building them up for the marching season
b) The band members should drink large amounts of water
12. A mother of an infant calls the pediatric nurse and asks which fluids she should provide her baby since he is suffering from diarrhea. The nurse would inform the mother not to give A) Pedialyte B) Formula C) Breast milk D) Bottled water
D) Bottled water
13. Which of the following individuals with diarrhea for 3 days are more likely to suffer from fluid and electrolyte imbalance? A) Infant B) School-age child C) Adolescent D) Young Adult
A) Infant
You are educating elementary school teachers on dietary requirements for students. You instruct them that phosphorous is important for bone structure. What food is a significant source of phosphorous?
a) Cake
b) Steak
c) Butter
d) Nuts
b) Steak
15. A patient reports she has lactose intolerance and questions the nurse about alternative sources of calcium. What options can be provided by the nurse? A) Eggs B) Chicken C) Apples D) Spinach
D) Spinach
16. A child is eating a peanut butter sandwich. He is ingesting an excellent source of A) Potassium B) Sulfate C) Calcium D) Magnesium
D) Magnesium
17. You are instructing a young woman on her dietary needs for calcium in the prevention of osteoporosis. What food supplies the greatest amount of calcium? A) Cheese B) Meat C) Cauliflower D) Salad
A) Cheese
18. When the nurse reviews the patients laboratory reports revealing sodium, 140 mEq/L; potassium, 4.1 mEq/L; calcium, 7.9 mg/dL; and magnesium, 1.9 mg/dL; the nurse should notify the physician of the patients A) Low potassium B) Low calcium c) High sodium d) High magnesium
B) Low calcium
Potassium is needed for neural, muscle, and
a. Optic function
b. Auditory function
c. Cardiac function
d. Skeletal function
c. Cardiac function
20.Major control over the extracellular concentration of potassium within the human body is exerted by insulin and A) Aldosterone B) Albumin C) Progesterone D) Testosterone
A) Aldosterone
When atrial pressure is increased, then sodium a Decreases b Increases c Maintains the same d Is unchanged
a Decreases
2. A decrease in arterial blood pressure will result in the release of A) Protein B) Thrombus C) Renin D) Insulin
C) Renin
23. A patient with dehydration will have an increase in A) Albumin B) Potassium C) Glucose D) Aldosterone
D) Aldosterone
24. Which patient has more extracellular fluid? A) Adult woman B) Adolescent man C) Female school-age child D) Newborn
D) Newborn
Which patient will have more adipose tissue and less fluid?
a. A woman
b. A man
c. An infant
d. A child
a. A woman
26) The primary extracellular electrolytes are
a. Potassium, phosphate, and sulfate
b. Magnesium, sulfate, and carbon
c. Sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate
d. Phosphorous, calcium, and phosphate
c. Sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate
27. When an elderly patient receiving a blood transfusion presents with an elevated blood pressure, distended neck veins, and shortness of breath, the patient is most likely experiencing A) Allergic reaction B) Pulmonary embolism C) Fluid overload D) Anaphylaxis
C) Fluid overload
28. Which of the following solutions should be administered slowly to prevent circulatory overload? A) 0.9% NaCl B) 0.45% NaCl C) Dextrose 5% D) 5% NaCl
D) 5% NaCl
29. Which of the following solutions is a crystalloid solution that has the same osmotic pressure as that found within the cells of the body and is used to expand the intravascular volume? A) Hypertonic B) Colloid C) Isotonic D) Hypotonic
C) Isotonic
30. A patient has a physicians order for NPO (nothing by mouth) following abdominal surgery to repair a bowel obstruction. The patient has a nasogastric tube inserted to low intermittent suction. The patient requires intravenous therapy to A) Replace fluid and electrolytes B) Administer blood products C) Provide protein supplements D) Treat the patients infection
A) Replace fluid and electrolytes
- A 58-year-old woman is suffering from food poisoning after eating at a local restaurant. She has had nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for the past 12 hours. Her blood pressure is 88/50 and she is diaphoretic. She requires
A) An access route to administer medications intravenously
B) Replacement of fluids for those lost from vomiting and diarrhea
C) An access route to replace fluids in combination with blood products
D) Intravenous fluids to be administered on an outpatient basis
B) Replacement of fluids for those lost from vomiting and diarrhea
32. A patient is taking a diuretic such as Lasix. When implementing patient teaching, what information should be included? A) Increased sodium levels B) Increased potassium levels C) Decreased potassium levels D) Decreased oxygen levels
C) Decreased potassium levels
