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Botanist Vocab > C > Flashcards

C Flashcards

1
Q

caducous

A

quickly deciduous , often applied to flower petals

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2
Q

caespitose, cespitose

A

growing in dense clusters

Synonym: clumped

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3
Q

calcar

A

pointed, hollow appendage on a flower, often containing nectar and a projection from or a modification of the perianth

Synonym: spur

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4
Q

calcarate

A

having a spur

Synonym: spurred

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5
Q

calcareous

A
  1. Soils that are high in lime (calcium carbonate)

2. Vegetation that grows on lime-rich soil

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6
Q

calceolate

A

shaped like a slipper, as in the pouch-like labellum of slipper orchids (Orchidaceae subfamily Cypripedioideae)

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7
Q

calcicole

A

plant that grows best in calcareous soil

synonym: calciphile, calciphyte

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8
Q

calcifuge

A

plant that does not grow well (or in some cases at all) in calcareous soil

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9
Q

calciphile, calciphyte

A

plant that grows best in calcareous soil

synonym: calcicole

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10
Q

caliper

A

diameter of a tree trunk at six inches above the ground, measured at twelve inches above ground when trunk diameter is greater than four inches

;see also DBH

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11
Q

calloused

A

having a callus

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12
Q

callus

A

(plural calluses, calli) 1. hard, thickened tissue;

  1. shot, thick stalk at the base of the lemme in grasses (Poaceae)
  2. undifferentiated tissue (parenchyma) often produced in the early stages of plant tissue culture
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13
Q

calyculate

A

having an epicalyx or similar whirl of bracts subtending the calyx or involucre

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14
Q

calyculus

A

bracts subtending the flower and appearing as a whirl beyond the calyx

synonym: epicalyx

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15
Q

calyptra

A

hood or cap, as with the fused calyx of California poppies (Eschscholzia californica) or onions (Allium)

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16
Q

calyx

A

collective term for flower sepals

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17
Q

cambium

A

lateral meristem that produces cork or vascular tissue (xylem toward the middle and phloem toward the outside) and is thus responsible for the thickening growth of woody stems and roots

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18
Q

campanulate

A

shaped like a bell

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19
Q

canaliculate

A

having one or more longitudinal grooves

synonym: channeled

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20
Q

candle

A

new shoot on a conifer as it’s coming out of bud

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21
Q

cane

A
  1. stem of a shrub, usually applied to fruit-bearing plants, e.g., raspberries and blackberries (Rubus) and roses (Rosa)
  2. grass stem, usually applied to species that produce large, stiff, or woody stems;
  3. long, thin pseudobulbous stem of some orchids, e.g., Dendrobium
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22
Q

canopy

A
  1. upper branching portion of a tree;

2. upper layer of a forest consisting mostly of treetops

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23
Q

capitate

A

with a compact head, like a pushpin; commonly used to describe stigmas

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24
Q

Capitulum

A

(plural capitula) inflorescence of sessile flowers borne on a flattened and expanded portion of the inflorescence axis; the inflorescence of the sunflower family (Asteraceae)

Synonym: head

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25
Q

Capsule

A
  1. dry, dehiscent multilocular fruit splitting open along one to many lines or locations of dehiscence- may be circumscissile, loculicidal, poricidal, septicidal;
  2. the spore containing structure (sporangium) of mosses.
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26
Q

Carotene

A

Yellow, orange, and red pigments in plants, important in photosynthesis, oil-soluble

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27
Q

Carpel

A
  1. Primary unit of a pistil, consists of an ovary, style, and stigma and contains ovules. May be solitary in the flower (one simple pistil), or in multiples either free (more than one simple pistil) or fused (compound pistil);
  2. Megasporophyll of angiosperms
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28
Q

Carpellate

A

having carpels

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29
Q

carpet-forming

A

Densely growing prostrate or short-statured plants covering the ground

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30
Q

carpophore

A

central stalk-like structure from an extended receptacle to thrice carpels are attached, as with some species in the carrot (Apiaceae), geranium (Geraniaceae), and buttercup (Ranunculaceae) families

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31
Q

Cartilaginous

A

cartilage-like; tough but flexible tissue

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32
Q

Caruncle

A

Outgrowth of the ovule’s outer integument, visible as a raised area or appendage on the seed coat near the micropyle and hilum

33
Q

Caruncular

A

Pertaining to caruncles

34
Q

Carunculate

A

having a caruncle

35
Q

Caryopsis

A

dry, indehiscent fruit in which the single seed is fused tot he pericarp; fruit of the grass family (Poaceae), derived from a unicarpellate pistil

Synonym: grain

36
Q

Castaneous

A

Reddish brown, rust or chestnut colored

Synonym: ferruginous, rufous, rufus

37
Q

Catkin

A

Usually pendulous spike-like inflorescence of unisexual, sessile to sub-sessile, apetalous flowers

Synonym: ament

38
Q

Caudate

A

Tapering to a long point, with concave margins at the base of the tip

39
Q

Caudex

A

(Plural caudices, caudexes)

  1. Persistent above or at ground portion of herbaceous perennials;
  2. Main plant axis, the roots and stem;
  3. Water-storing swollen plant base
40
Q

Caudiciform

A

Having a water storing swollen plant base (caudex) from which the stems arise, as with some arid- adapted species in the spurge (Euphorbiaceae), gourd (Cucurbitaceae), and bean (Fabaceae) families

41
Q

Caulescent

A

Clearly having an above-ground stem

Antonym: acaulescent

42
Q

Cauliflorous

A

Having flowers and fruits borne along the trunk, and/or branches

43
Q

Cauline

A

Emerging from or pertaining to the stem, applied most often to leaves

44
Q

Cell

A
  1. Cavity or chamber, as with anther sacs and locules;

2. Smallest unit of organization in organisms

45
Q

Ceraceous

A

Waxy physically or visually

46
Q

Cernuous

A

Hanging or bent downward, applied most often to flowers

Synonym: nodding

47
Q

Cespitose, caespitose

A

Growing in clusters

Synonym: clumped

48
Q

Chaff

A

Dry, fine bracts or scales, like those subtending the fruits of the sunflower (Asteraceae) and grass ( Poaceae) families

49
Q

Chaffy

A

Having chaff

50
Q

Chamaephyte

A

Plant that bears resting or overwintering buds on or near the ground

51
Q

Chambered

A

Having multiple cavities, or hollow sections, separated by walls; e.g., pith of black walnut (Juglans nigra)

52
Q

Channeled

A

Having one or more longitudinal grooves

Synonym: canaliculate

53
Q

Chartaceous

A

Having a papery texture

54
Q

Chasmogamous

A

Flowers that are fertilized after opening (at anthesis), generally cross-pollinated

Antonym: cleistogamous

55
Q

Chimera, chimaera

A

Plant that contains two different types/strains of DNA, as a result from grafting, genetic engineering, or mutation

56
Q

Chiropterophilous

A

Pollinated by bats

57
Q

Chiropterophily

A

Bat pollination

58
Q

Chlorophyll

A

Green pigment in plants, photosynthetic, fat-soluble

59
Q

Chlorophyllous

A

Having chlorophyll

60
Q

Chlorosis

A

Yellowing of tissue due to insufficient chlorophyll production, usually caused by nutrient deficiency

61
Q

Ciliate

A

With a fringe of hairs extending from the margin

62
Q

Cincinnus

A

(plural cincinni) ambiguous term that is variously used as a synonym of helicoid cyme or scorpioid cyme

63
Q

Cincturing

A

Removing only a very narrow and thin layer of bark tissue to increase fruit set and size in fruit-bearing plants; e.g., peach (Prunus persica) and grapes (Vitis)

Synonym: girdling

64
Q

Circinate

A

Coiled like watch springs, as with the arrangement of fern fronds in bud

65
Q

Circular

A

Round

Synonym: orbicular

66
Q

Circumscissile

A

Dehiscing transversely so the top comes off, as with some anthers and capsules; see also
luculicidal, poricidal, septicidal

67
Q

Cirrose, cirrhose

A

Having tendrils or terminating in a tendril

68
Q

Cladophyll, cladode

A

Stem that looks and functions like a leaf

Synonym: phylloclade

69
Q

Cladoptosic

A

Deciduous by branches and leaves shedding together;

e.g., bald cypress (Taxodium distichum)

70
Q

Clambering

A

Climbing, but very weakly or not at all attached to supporting structures

71
Q

Clasping

A

Surrounding the stem partially to nearly completely, as with some leaf blade bases in the grass family (Poaceae)

72
Q

Class

A

Taxonomic rank above order and below division

73
Q

Clavate, claviform

A

Shaped like a club

74
Q

Claw

A

Narrow base of an otherwise broad structure; e.g., some petals and sepals; see also unguiculate

75
Q

Cleft

A

Notch or sinus extending almost to the middle of the structure, usually used in reference to petals or leaves

76
Q

Cleistogamous

A

Flowers that are self-fertilized while still closed; e.g., violets (Viola)

Antonym: chasmogamous

77
Q

Climber

A

Plant that grows upward by leaning against or attaching itself to support structures, which may be other plants

78
Q

Climbing

A

Growing upward by leaning against or attaching to support structures

79
Q

Clinal variation

A

Structural and/or genetic differences in plant populations along an environmental gradient such as elevation or moisture

Botanist Vocab (3 decks)

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