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Botanist Vocab > B > Flashcards

B Flashcards

1
Q

bacca

A

fleshy, indehiscent fruit with one too many seeds embedded in a pulpy mesocarp, endocarp not easily discernible;
e.g., blueberries (Vaccinium)

Synonym berry

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2
Q

baccate

A

fruit that looks like a berry but may or may not be a true berry; often applied to tropical and unusual berries; e.g., avocado (Persea americana)

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3
Q

back bulb

A

old orchid pseudobulb that no longer has leaves, often used for propagation

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4
Q

balausta

A

fleshy, indehiscent, many-seeded fruit with leathery exocarp, derived from a multicarpellate pistil; e.g., pomegranate (Punica granatum)

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5
Q

banner

A

flower petal typical of papilionoid legumes in the bean family (Fabaceae), usually the upper and largest petal; e.g., sweet peas (Lathyrus), lupines (Lupinus)

Synonym: standard, vexillum

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6
Q

barbed

A

with stiff, sharp, retrorse (or less commonly introrse) points

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7
Q

bare root

A

roots that would normally be surrounded by soil are exposed, plants are often shipped in this state to prevent the spread of soil-borne insects and pathogens

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8
Q

bark

A

the outer layer of woody stems, consists of living phloem, cork cambium, and cork (all tissues to the outside of the vascular cambium)

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9
Q

basal

A

at, attached to, or of the base, as with leaves attached to the base of a plant

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10
Q

basal placentation

A

ovule(s) attached at the base of the ovary in a simple pistil

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11
Q

basal plate

A

small stem portion of a bulb from which the roots grow downward and the leaves, inflorescence, and bracts grow upward

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12
Q

basal shoot

A

shoot growing from the base or roots of a tree or shrub, usually applied to those emerging from below ground

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13
Q

base

A

portion opposite the apex; closest to or at the point of attachment
Antonym: apex

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14
Q

basifixed

A

attached at the base, as with filaments attached to the base of anthers; see also dorsifixed, medifixed, versatile

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15
Q

basipetal

A

growing toward the base of the shoot or root

Antonym: acropetal

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16
Q

beak

A

an elongate tip or projection

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17
Q

bean

A

the seed of a legume; also sometimes used to refer to the whole fruit, in which case it is being used as a synonym of legume

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18
Q

beard

A

clump of hairs or fringe of tissue that appears fuzzy, as on the central portion of the three outer tepals of some irises (Iris)

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19
Q

bearing

A

having or producing; most commonly applied to plants that produce edible fruits

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20
Q

berry

A

fleshy, indehiscent fruit with one to many seeds embedded in a pulpy mesocarp, endocarp not easily discernible; often applied incorrectly to any small fleshy fruit; e.g., blueberry (Vaccinium) synonym : bacca

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21
Q

bi-

A

prefix meaning two

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22
Q

bicarpellate

A

having two carpels

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23
Q

bicolored

A

having two colors, usually applied to flowers

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24
Q

biconvex

A

shaped like a lentil, i.e., round and convex on both sides

Synonym: lenticular

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25
Q

bicrenate

A

two-tiered scalloped margin where larger scallops have smaller scallops on them

Synonym: doubly crenate

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26
Q

bidentate

A

having two teeth

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27
Q

biennial

A

plant whose entire life cycle occurs in two years: it grown from seed and produces leaves the first year, often as a basal rosette; it flowers, produces seeds, and dies the second year

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28
Q

biennial bearing

A

producing abundant fruit every other year, and minimal to no fruit in the alternating year

Synonym: alternate bearing

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29
Q

bifid

A

split in two, as in some leaf blades

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30
Q

bifoliate, bifoliolate

A

having two leaves or leaflets

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31
Q

bifurcate

A

split into two branches

32
Q

bilabiate

A

having two lips, as with some flowers; e.g., mint family (Lamiaceae)

33
Q

bilaterally symmetrical

A

having a single plane of symmetry such that only one line drawn through the middle produces two mirror-image halves
Synonym: irregular, zygomorphic
Antonym: actinomorphic, radially symmetrical, regular

34
Q

bilobed

A

having two lobes

35
Q

binomial

A

the two-part scientific name fro a species, consisting of a genus (e.g., Acer) and a specific epithet (e.g., rubrum)

36
Q

bipinnate

A

leaf that is pinnately dissected twice, leaflets arising along rachillas that themselves arise along a rachis

37
Q

bisected

A

divided into two parts

38
Q

biseriate

A

in two series

39
Q

biserrate

A

margin teeth having teeth of their own, all pointing up toward the apex
Synonym: doubly serrate

40
Q

bisexual

A

having both female (egg) and male (sperm) reproductive cells in the same individual or reproductive structure

41
Q

bitoned

A

having two tones of the same color, usually applied to flowers

42
Q

black knot

A

large, dark, warty masses on the branches of Prunus spp. (especially cherry and plum) caused by the fungus Dibotryon morbosum

43
Q

bladder

A

sac-like structure, often filled with air or liquid

44
Q

blade

A

the usually broad and flattened part of a leaf or petal

Synonym: lamina

45
Q

blind shoot

A

stem of a flowering plant that does not produce flowers, most commonly applied to roses (Rosa)

46
Q

bloom

A
  1. a flower or inflorescence;
  2. gray-white waxy or powdery surface coating;
  3. rapid localized growth of algae
47
Q

blossom

A

a flower or inflorescence

48
Q

bole

A

main stem or axis of a tree, between the roots and where branches begin to form the crown

Synonym: trunk

49
Q

bolt

A

grow rapidly, usually happens with seedlings or saplings and often occurs after a resource becomes newly available

50
Q

bonsai

A
  1. a woody plant, most commonly a tree, that is substantially reduced in size, usually accomplished through intentional manipulation under cultivation, but may also occur naturally under challenging growing conditions;
  2. the Japanese art of growing dwarf woody plants
51
Q

boot

A

remnant leaf base that remains attached to the trunk of some palm trees after the leaf dies

52
Q

bough

A

a branch of a tree, usually applied to the larger branches

53
Q

bourgeon, burgeon

A

a sprout or bud

54
Q

brace root

A

adventitious root emerging from the lower part of a trunk and acting as structural support for a tree
Synonym; anchor root, prop root, stilt root

55
Q

brachyblast

A

stem with highly compressed internodes that usually bears the leaves and reproductive structure; e.g., ginkgos (Ginkgo), apples (Malus)
Synonym: short shoot, spur
Antonym: long shoot

56
Q

bract

A

leaf-like structure subtending a flower or inflorescence or occurring in the inflorescence

57
Q

bracteate

A

having bracts

58
Q

bracteose

A

having numerous or showy bracts; e.g., the inflorescence of dogwood (Cornus florida)

59
Q

bramble

A

a prickly plant, usually specifically applied to raspberries and blackberries (Rubus), less commonly to their other relatives in the rose family (Rosaceae)

60
Q

branch

A
  1. stem arising from another stem
  2. the divarication of one structure into smaller versions or segments of that structure
  3. the action of producing a divarication, as in branches of trees or veins in the leaves
61
Q

branchlet

A

small branch

62
Q

breaking

A
  1. opening, as with flower or leaf buds in the spring

2. ending, as with dormancy of a germinating seed

63
Q

breastwood

A

new branches growing on an espaliered tree that usually must be pruned to keep the shape of the espalier

64
Q

bristle

A

narrow, stiff hair

65
Q

bud

A

immature flower, leaf, or stem still with its protective covering (bud scales, bracts, sepals, etc.)

66
Q

bud scales

A

small leaf-like structures on the outside of the bud, protecting the developing flower, leaf, or stem

67
Q

bulb

A

underground storage structure composed of buds attached to a small basal plate of stem tissue surrounded by fleshy leaf bases and bracts, majority of structure is leaf tissue; e.g., onions (Allium)

68
Q

bulbil, bulbel

A

bud usually produced in leaf axils that can give rise to a new plant; e.g., plantlets on cycad trunks
Synonym: aerial bulb

69
Q

bulblet

A

small bulb, often growing from the base of a artery bulb

70
Q

bullate

A

having a surface covered in smooth, rounded bumps

71
Q

bundle scar

A

mark within the leaf scar on the stem from where leaf’s vascular tissue was attached to the stem

72
Q

bur, burr

A

seed dispersal unit (may be seed, fruit, carpel, etc.) that is armed for sticking to fur for dispersal

73
Q

burgeon, bourgeon

A

to send forth new growth rapidly, as with a shoot bud

74
Q

burl

A

woody knot in the trunk, branches, or roots of a tree, caused by something that has damaged the tree (infection, disease, or injury), prized for use in woodworking

75
Q

bush

A

woody plant with multiple main stems, usually shorter than a tree
Synonym: shrub

76
Q

buttress

A

widened base of tree trunk, most commonly associated with trees in wet areas; e.g., bald cypress (Taxodium distichum)

Botanist Vocab (3 decks)

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