C-10 Finite and Renewable resources

Question 1

What are natural resources

Answer 1

• Resources that form without human input
• Include anything that comes from earth, sea or air
• Can be replaced or improved upon by man made processes e.g rubber is replace by man made polymers

Question 2

• Wat are relabel reources

Answer 2

• Resources that reform at a similar rate of faster than we use then e.g timber

Question 3

• What i a non-renewable resource

Answer 3

• A finite resource that will run out

- E.g fossil fuels, metals

Question 4

• What happens after many finite resources are extracted

Answer 4

-They undergo man made processes e.g fractional distillation

Question 5

• What are the risks of extorting finite resources

Answer 5

• Social environmental and economic issues

- E.g metal oar scars landscape, destroys environment and habitats, needs lots of energy and produces lots of waste

Question 6

• What is sustainable development

Answer 6

• AN approach to development that takes into account of the needs of present society without damaging further generations

Question 7

• How can chemistry be improving sustainability

Answer 7

• Development allows for less need and lower amounts of energy to be used
  e. g catalysts

Question 8

• What is the issue with copper

Answer 8

• Copper rich ores are in short supple

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Question 9

hOw are scientists dealing with the lack of copper

Answer 9

• By extracting it from low grade ores- two methods
• Bioleaching- bacteria that converts copper compounds in ore to soluble copper compounds- separating. contain copper ions which are extracted by electrolysis
• Phytomining- Growing plants in soil that contains copper- can’t use so builds up on leaves- ash contains copper- electrolysis

Question 10

• Why is recycling metal important

Answer 10

• Mining and extorting takes lots of energy
• Recycling takes less and conserves finite amount of metal and cuts down on co2 producing waste
• Can be mixed to reduce separation needed

Question 11

• How can glass be recycled

Answer 11

• Reduces waste and need for new glass
• Some can’t be resumed so are recycled
• Separated by colour and chemical composition
• Brushed , melted and reshaped

Question 12

• What are the steps in a life cycle assent

Answer 12

• Getting raw materials- Extracting damage and process damage
• Manufacture and package- Energy use- waste produce used to package
• Using- e.g fertilisers damage the environment. How long it lasts for
• Product disposal- How it is disposed

Question 13

• What is a life cycle assessment

Answer 13

• Looks at every state of produce life and asses impaction environment

Question 14

• What are the life cycle asseuesnt for a plastic and paper bag

Answer 14

• Plastic
• Crude oil
• Fractional distillation- waste reduced due to other factions use
• CAn be reused
• Non biodegradable

Question 15

What are the issues with life cycle assessments

Answer 15

• Use of energy and waste can’t be easily quantified

- Not an object method and can e manipulated for supper

Question 16

• What is portable water

Answer 16

• Water that has been treated or is naturally safe to drink
• Not pure - can contain dissolved substances
• Level of dissolved salt not to high and PH of between 6.5 and 8.5- to reduce bacteria or microbes

Question 17

• What is fresh water

Answer 17

0 Natural water sources that have low levels of salt

Question 18

• What needs to happen to fresh water-

Answer 18

• Filtered before safe - wire mesh, sand then sterilisation by UV light, ozone or chlorine

Question 19

• How can you test the purity of a sample of water

Answer 19

• Distillation
• Ph test- need to neutralise-
• A water heats up it’ll evaporate and will enter condensing column as steam
• See if any crystals were formed to see salt content

Question 20

• How can sea water be trated

Answer 20

• Distillation
• Reverse osmosis - membranes- passed through that only allows water molecules through
• Not practical for large quantities due to high energy use

Question 21

• Where does waste water come from

Answer 21

• Many different sources
• Agricultural systems
• Domestic sources
• Industrial processes

Question 22

_ Why is waste water bad

Answer 22

• Organic matter
• Harmful chemicals
• Polluted

Question 23

• What are the stages of sewage treatment

Answer 23

• Before treated it is screened- scarped of large bits
• Its allowed to standing settlement tank- heavier parts sink- effluent at top- sedimentation- effluent removed
• Biological aerobic digestion- air pumped through to encourage aerobic bacteria to break down organic matter- including microbes
• Sludge is placed into large tanks- bacteria breaks it down by anaerobic digestion- breaks down - produces methane- then used as energy source- remaining used as fertiliser
• Waste containing toxic substances addictions substances may be added e.g chemicals, UV radiation, to membranes

Question 24

-What are the benefits and cons of waste water

Answer 24

• Mor exorcises by less energy than desalination of salt water
• Used as alternative in places without fresh water
  e. g sinapore waste water is retreated for drinking water
• However soenna poepie doet lief the idea of drinking waste water