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BZ1006 Diversity of Life > BZ1006 - L2 Biological Diversity > Flashcards

BZ1006 - L2 Biological Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

When was water 1st thought to appear on Earth?

A

3,900,000 years ago

3.9 billion years ago

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2
Q

Where did Earths first water come from?

A

Liquid pockets in the earth after earth cooled and gasses condensed

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3
Q

When did Earth begin?

A

Between 3.5 and 4.0 billioin years ago

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4
Q

For how long were Earths only organisms microscopic and mostly unicellular? (%)

A

The first 3/4 of evolutionary history

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5
Q

What were the earliest organisms on earth?

A

Prokaryotes

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6
Q

When did procaryotes dominate earth?

A

from 3.5 - 2.0 billion years ago

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7
Q

Prokaryotes diverged into what 2 evolutionary branches?

A

Bacteria and archaea

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of cells that from the structual and functional unit of an organism?

A

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic

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9
Q

True or False?

Prokaryotes are complex multi celled organisms

A

False

They are simple and single celled

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10
Q

True or False?

Prokaryotes are genetically diverse

A

True

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11
Q

True or False?

Prokaryotes are mircoscopic but are many in number

A

True

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12
Q

Where does a phototroph obtain energy from?

A

Light

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13
Q

Where does a chemotroph obtain energy from?

A

Chemicals

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14
Q

Autotrophs require what chemical?

A

They require C02 as a carbon source

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15
Q

Hetrotrophs require ___ to make organic compounds?

A

An organic nutrient

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16
Q

Which domain of prokaryotes can live in extreme conditions and what are these called?

A

Archaea that are called extremophiles

17
Q

What are extremophile that live in highly salene (salty) environments called?

A

(Archaea) Extreme halophiles

18
Q

What are extremophile that live in very hot environments called?

A

(Archaea) Extreme thermophiles

19
Q

What type of extremophile can survive in crystalised salt?

A

(Archaea) Extreme halophiles

20
Q

Are methanogens prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes

21
Q

True or False?

Methanogens require oxygen to survive

A

False

Oxygen poisons methanogens

22
Q

What do methanogens produce?

A

Methane

23
Q

What 2 places are methanogens found?

A

Wetlands and guts of animals

24
Q

Where does methane escape ruminents?

A

In belching

25
Q

Where does methane escape humans?

A

In flatulance

26
Q

What plays a a crutial role in anaerobic wastewater treatment?

A) Extreme halophiles
B) Methanogens
C) Bacteria

A

B) Mathanogens

27
Q

Define Symbiosis

A

An ecological relationship between 2 different species that live together in direct and intimate contact

28
Q

Define Symbiotic mutualism

A

A symbyotic relationship in which both participants benefit

29
Q

Define Symbiotic Commensalism

A

A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

30
Q

Define Symiotic Parasitism

A

A symiotic relationship in which one organism (parasite) benefits at the expense of another (host) by living within or on the host

31
Q

What type of bacteria is responsible for photosynthesis in plants

A

Cyanobacteria

32
Q

What are 2 examples of bacteria mutualisms?

A

1) Rhyzobia forming root nodules on legumes fixing atmospheric nitrogen
2) Ruminant and animal guts allowing for the digestion of cellulose

33
Q

What are 2 examples of bacteria parasitism?

A

1) Salmonella which produces food poisioning in humans

2) Staph in animals and humans (causing infections?)

34
Q

What bacteria causes decomposition in organic materials?

A

Actinobacteria

35
Q

What bacteria is the cause of the smell detected as rain falls after dry spells? (known as Petrichor)

A

Actinobacteria

36
Q

How long does it take for a prokaryote to reproduce?

A

1-3 hours

37
Q

Quick reproductive cycles allow for what?

A

Rapid evolution

BZ1006 Diversity of Life (3 decks)

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