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CRUSADES ROBBIE > BYZANTIUMS POSITION BY 1095 > Flashcards

BYZANTIUMS POSITION BY 1095 Flashcards

1
Q

from which 3 groups did Byzantium face the fear of invasion

A

the Seljuks, the Pechenegs and the Normans

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2
Q

what did defeat at Manzikert lead to

A

A civil war in Byzantium

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3
Q

which group took advantage of The civil war, conquering most of Anatolia

A

the Seljuks

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4
Q

conquering Anatolia restricted the Byzantines from what

A

Receiving men from Armenia

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5
Q

which 3 formerly Byzantine cities were taken by the Seljuks

A

Nicaea, Antioch & Nicomedia

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6
Q

when was Nicaea lost to the Seljuks

A

1080

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7
Q

when was Antioch lost to the Seljuks

A

1085

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8
Q

when was Nicomedia lost to the Seljuks

A

1091

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9
Q

which Seljuk warrior took Smyrna in 1084 but then losing it by 1088

A

Caka

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10
Q

However, who did Alexius ally with in 1081

A

Suleiman

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11
Q

how many troops did suleiman provide Alexius with at Larissa in 1083

A

7,000

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12
Q

why may it be argued that the Byzantines brought the seljuk threat upon themselves

A

They invited Mercenaries to fight for them, know that they may be used against them

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13
Q

which 2 European groups also threatened byzantium

A

The Norman’s and the Pechenegs

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14
Q

what treaty was signed between the Normans and the papacy in 1059

A

Treaty of Melfi

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15
Q

what was captured in april 1071

A

Bari

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16
Q

who was the leader of the normans

A

Robert Guiscard

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17
Q

which place did Guiscard repeatedly attack in 1081 and 1084

A

Epirus

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18
Q

at which battle in 1081 did Guiscard defeat Alexius

A

Dyrrachium

19
Q

However, who was Guiscard’s daughter, Helena, betrothed to?

A

The son of Michael VII

20
Q

However,who did Alexius ally with in 1082 that was Guiscards sworn enemy, forcing Guiscard to back off

A

Henry IV, The Holy Roman Emperor

21
Q

which area of Byzantium did the Pechenegs regularly invade

A

The north

22
Q

in which region did the Pechenegs want to stay in

A

Thrace

23
Q

when did the Pechenegs try to invade Byzantium

A

1087

24
Q

how did Alexius repel the Pechenegs

A

He payed them Off

25
Q

why was Thrace important

A

it was very close to Constantinople

26
Q

where were the Pechenegs ultimately destroyed in 1091

A

Lebounion

27
Q

who did Alexius ally with at Lebounion

A

The Cumans, a rival tribe to the Pechenegs

28
Q

the Cumans also posed a threat but where were they defeated at in 1094

A

Adrianople

29
Q

How many emperors of Byzantium were there between 1071 and 1081

A

4

30
Q

Who led a series of rebellions during Nikephorus reign

A

Nicephorus Basilakes and Nicephorus Bryennios

31
Q

what issue arose following the battle of manzikert as thousands flocked towards Constantinople

A

Inflation

32
Q

how did Michael VII attempt to curb the inflation

A

Through Debasement of the coinage

33
Q

what did the gold content of the coinage fall from to

A

70% to 10%

34
Q

which italian group were exempt from tax

A

the Venetians

35
Q

what was the tax called

A

Kommerkion

36
Q

However, what currency was established by Alexius in 1092

A

the Hyperpyron

37
Q

what movement began to rise in popularity following the Byzantine defeat at Manzikert

A

Separatism

38
Q

when did Roussel of Bailleul desert the empire to set up a lordship in Amaseia

A

1073

39
Q

which Armenian Leader called himself the Leader of Cilicia and Also took Antioch in 1078

A

Phileretos

40
Q

However, who was overthrown in 1075 by Alexius

A

Roussel of Bailleul

41
Q

However,Who took back antioch from Phileretus on behalf of Alexios

A

Suleiman

42
Q

However, with whom did Alexius have a notable relationship with which helped him achieve great support

A

Nicholas III Grammatikos , The Patriarch of Constantinople

43
Q

when did the normans occupy corfu

A

February 1082

44
Q

what was the name of the treaty that Alexios signed in 1082 with Henry IV

A

the Treaty of Venice

CRUSADES ROBBIE (7 decks)

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