Byzantine Empire, Mongols, and Russia Flashcards
What was the capital of New Rome?
Constantinople
What happened in 395 CE?
The Eastern and Western Empires split
Who was Justinian?
He was a serious and level-headed ruler. He sent Belsarius to recover north Africa for him.
Who was Procopius?
He was hired by Justinian to write books talking of his rule
What was Justinian’s Code?
Contained 5000 Roman Laws- CODE
Summarized the opinions of Rome’s greatest legal thinkers- DIGEST
A textbook- INSTITUTES
Presented legislation passes after 534- NOVELLAE
What was the Hagia Sophia?
It was a splendid church
What is an Icon?
Images used in wordhip
What is Iconoclasts?
People who broke into churches to destroy icons
Who are the Slavs?
People of the forests, north of the Black Sea
Who founded Novgorod?
Rurik
Who was Olga?
She governed Kiev
Had a grandson named Vladimir
What does the Byzantine Empire have?
Roman Law Autocrat Leaders Wealth Gap Christianity and Government Pressure from Barbarians Importance of Trade
Who was Theodora?
Justinian’s Wife
What was the Nika Rebellion?
I happened in 533 CE. It occurred in the Hippodrome.
What is an Idol?
An object that is used in religious worship
Who is the leader of the Church in the Byzantine Empire?
The Patriarch or the Bishop of Constantinople
Name of the Alphabet used?
Cyrillic
What is Eurasia?
Landmass form Manchuria to Hungary
What is a Steppe?
A vast belt of dry grassland
What is a Pastoralist?
They herded domesticated animals.
Who are the Nomads?
They were people who followed a familiar seasonal pattern and returned on a regular basis
What is a Yurt?
They were portable tents used by Asian Nomads
What is a Clan?
It was a pack of steppe nomads
Who was Temujin?
Genghis Kan
Why was Genghis Khan a great leader?
Brilliant organizer
gifted strategist
adopted new technologies
used cruelty as a weapon
Who was Kublai Khan?
He founded the Yuan Dynasty and restored the Grand Canal
Why was Kublai Khan important?
United China
Had greater trade contracts
Tolerated Chinese culture
What does Kamikaze mean?
Divine Wind
Who was Marco Polo?
A Venetian trader who knew many Asian Languages
Where did the Mongols live?
The Steppe
How did the Mongols survive?
They raided nearby settlements and ate their livestock
What is a Clan?
Thy are dozens of families linked together.
What type of government did the Mongols have?
Semi-Autonomous Subservient
Who was Alexander Nevesky?
He controlled Novgord
He put down rebellions of Russians fighting Mongols
And he gained more land
Who was Ivan the 1st?
He put down rebellions
He was named Tax Collector
He moved the Patriarch if Constantinople to Moscow
A what battle did the Russians defeat the Mongols?
The Battle Of Urga River
What did Ivan the 3rd do?
He created the Czar
He married the daughter of the last Byzantine Empire
He refused to pay tribute to the Mongols
Compare the Byzantine Empire to the Roman Empire. Specifically, be able to discuss government, religion and economics.
He tried to unite the Byzantine Empire by supporting Christianity. He wrote Justinian’s code which contained 5,000 Roman laws.
What did Justinian want to create?
The New Rome
What did Justinian create for his empire and how did each creation mimic Rome?
He created the Hagia Sophia. It had much of Roman architecture such as a dome and mosaics.
What was the role of Theodora in the Byzantine Empire?
Theodora had arete. She was the person pulling the strings. She was in charge while Justinian was just the figure head.
How do we interpret her and Justinian given Procopius’s two differing accounts?
Procopius just wrote what they had wanted to be seen as, perfect rulers with arete. He was honest in the Secret History and said how they were cruel and cared only about power.
What does the Nika Rebellion tell us about Justinian’s empire and his style of rule?
Justinian tried to leave the city, thus he didn’t care about the welfare of his people and put himself before them. He had no arete. His citizens didn’t like his rule and tried to rebel. He was also cruel because he killed everyone in the Hippodrome, including the innocent citizens.
What was the essential conflict that ultimately separated the western and eastern Christian churches?
The pope supported icons, while Leo the 3rd didn’t.
Explain the Iconoclastic Controversy and its impact on Christianity. Connect the split between the eastern and western Churches and the Crusades.
The Byzantine was excommunicated and the pope a cut them off.
How did Orthodox Christianity spread in the east? Explain the adoption of Christianity by the Slavs and Vikings in the early Russian states.
Religion spread as a result of trade.
What role did Cyril and Methodius play?
They created the Cyrillic Alphabet
Be able to explain the combination of cultures that made up Russian society. Why did Vikings travel south? Why did the Byzantines influence the early Russians so much?
Russian society had Slavic and Greek culture within it.
The vikings moved south to follow trade routes.
They traded so they spread ideas.
Which leaders played major roles in creating the early Russian state at Moscow?
Ivan the 1st, Ivan the 3rd, and Alexander Nevesky
What new idea of governance did the Mongols add to our study of history? How were the Mongols able to dominate such large populations with so few people?
Semi-Autonomous Subservient Sates
The Mongols used fear to make their conquered people listen to them.
