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HOA early christian and byzantine > Byzantine Architecture > Flashcards

Byzantine Architecture Flashcards

1
Q

The three historical periods of Byzantine Art and architecture

A

Early Byzantine,
Middle Byzantine,
Late Byzantine

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2
Q

Byzantium is located where?

A

At the intersection of the Black Sea and the Mediterranean

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3
Q

Local Materials for Byzantine are?

A

Clay for bricks,
Rubble for concrete

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4
Q

Byzantine architecture has flat roofs combined with domes(T or F)

A

True

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5
Q

Byzantine architecture has unbroken walls and arcade open courts(T or F)

A

TRUE

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6
Q

What established Christianity as the state religion of the Roman Empire

A

Edict of Milan

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7
Q

Disputes in the Church resulted in the division of the WESTERN Orthodox and Eastern Roman Catholic Churches called the GREAT SCHISM

A

FALSE( Eastern Orthodox and Western Roman Catholic Churches)

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8
Q

What forbade statues in any form and made colored pictures flat and stylized?

A

Iconoclastic Movement

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9
Q

Means “image breaking”

A

Iconoclasm

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10
Q

Presbysters cannot marry(T or F)

A

False(They can get married)

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11
Q

The Eastern Orthodox Church has the Patriarch(True)

A

True

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12
Q

Byzantine churches are characterized by what?

A

Cross in square plans with central domes

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13
Q

The 3 basic spaces of Byzantine churches:

A

Narthex,
Nave,
Sanctuary

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14
Q

The wall of icons and religious paintings separating the nave from the sanctuary in a church

A

Iconostasis

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15
Q

A triangular curved overhanging surface that supports a circular dome over a square or a polygonal compartment.

A

Pendentive

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16
Q

The 3 types of domes

A

Simple dome,
Compund dome
Special dome

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17
Q

Type of dome where the dome and pendetive are parts of the same sphere

A

Simple Dome

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18
Q

Type of dome where the dome is constructed separately from the pendentive

A

Compound dome

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19
Q

How many types of compound domes are there?

A

Two

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20
Q

3 types of special domes

A

Ribbed dome,
Serrate dome with jagged edges,
Bolbous dome

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21
Q

A decorative art created by assembling small pieces of glass, tiles, or other materials.

A

Mosaic

22
Q

A piece of glass, tile or other material used in a mosaic.

A

Tessarae

23
Q

The ornament mentioned and given symbolic meaning in the Gospels. It also symbolizes Jesus.

A

Fish (Ikhthus)

24
Q

Symbol of peace and unity

A

Dove

25
Q

Emblem of of immortality and resurrection

A

Peacock

26
Q

Refers to Jesus’ role as a sacrifice atoning for the sins of an in Christian theology

A

Lamb (Good Sheperd)

27
Q

The idea of a the vital union of the believers with Christ and among each other

A

Grapevine

28
Q

In the grapevine ornament, who is the vine and who is the branch?

A

Jesus as the vine,
the people as the branches

29
Q

Emblem of eternity

A

Endless Knot

30
Q

Formed by superimposing the first two letters of the word “Christ” in greek

A

Chi Rho

31
Q

Art of painting on fresh, moist plaster with pigments dissolved in water

A

Fresco Painting

32
Q

What are the three types of floor pavements?

A

Opus Alexandrinum,
Opus Sectile,
Oppus Tessellatum

33
Q

Type of floor pavement that utilizes tiny, geometrically shaped pieces of colored stones and glass that are arranged in geometric patterns dotted with large disks of semiprecious stones

A

Opus ALEXANDRINUM

34
Q

Floor pavement that is made from larger, specially cut pieces, usually tile or stone.

A

Opus Sectile

35
Q

Floor pavement that is usually used for backgrounds consisting of tiny pieces of tesserae

A

Opus Tesselatum

36
Q

Massive cubiform capitals that are often with dosseret block to support the voissoir of an arch

A

Columns

37
Q

The capitals of columns were carved with what?

A

Incised foliage,
Animal forms

38
Q

What structure was a former Orthodox patriarchal basilica, which later became an Imperial Mosque, and then a museum, and now a mosque again?

A

Hagia Sophia

39
Q

First significant
church of the middle Byzantine period in Athens.

A

Church of the Holy Apostles

40
Q

It has 2 churches: the Theotokos (cross-in -square plan)
and the Katholikon (domed-octagon plan). The wall is faced using the
cloisonne technique where the stones are framed all around with
bricks

A

Monastery Church of Hosios Loukas

41
Q

Three structures that dates to late 13th or
early 14th century in date, have an attenuated cross-in-square
core enveloped by a pi-shaped ambulatory.

A
  • H. Panteleimon,
    H. Aikaterini,
    H. Apostoloi
42
Q

Combines a basilican ground plan with a cross-in-square, fivedomed gallery, the whole enveloped by porticoes, a belfry, and
additional subsidiary spaces

A

Hodegetria Church

43
Q

The only Serbian monastery in Greece

A

Hilandar Monastery, (Mt. Athos, Greece)

44
Q

Meteora means what?

A

suspended in air

45
Q

The oldest meteora monastery

A

Holy Monastery of the Great Meteoron

46
Q

The 6 Monasteries of Meteora are:

A

Great Meteoron
Varlaam Monastery
Rousanou Monastery
Holy Trinity Monastery
St. Stephen Monastery
St. Nicholas Anapafsas Monastery

47
Q

Two churches that are most distinctive for their colorful exteriors, combining brick and stone decoration with glazed ceramic disks and rosettes.

A

Pantokrator Church
St. Ivan Aliturgetos

48
Q

Valued for its internal decoration of frescoes, one of the most
exquisite painting masterpieces of the European art of the 13th
century

A

Sopoćani Monastery, (Serbia)

49
Q

Tetrastyle cross-in-square church with side choruses invented by Saint Athanasios

A

Athonite type

50
Q

Structure that has a double octagonal shell with a domed octagonal core and is one of the finest Byzantine examples in Western Europe.

A

Basilica di San Vitale

HOA early christian and byzantine (3 decks)

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