BW Radiology Flashcards
How characterize tissue density on CT?
Hypodense = darker than normal tissue (commonly air or fluid, like cysts or abscesses) Hyperdense = brighter than normal tissue
What does a ring enhancing lesion usually represent?
local edema around a mass lesion
breakdown of the blood-brain barrier
Why get a lateral decubitus chest plain film?
if patient can’t stand
to determine whether a suspected pleural effusion will layer
Approach to plain films?
- QC
- Lines and hardware
- Heart + mediastinum
- Lungs and Diaphragm
- Pleura
- Bones
- Soft Tissue
- Checkpoints: apices, aorta, hila, retrocardiac regions
DDx of ‘bone within bone’ sign
Endocrine -Growth arrest and recovery -Paget's dz -Osteopetrosis Intoxication -Heavy metal poisoning
DDx inferior surface rib notching
Vascular: coarctation of the aorta
-SVC obstruction
congenital chest wall A-V malformation
DDx Ivory vertebral body
Neoplastic -sclerotic mets -lymphoma Endocrine -Paget's disease
Honeycomb Lung DDx
=fibrotic replacement of lung parenchyma with thick-walled cysts
- idiopathic interstitial fibrosis
- Histiocytosis X
- Sarcoidosis
Congenital: CF, Tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis
Autoimmune: Scleroderma, RA
Intox: Allergic alveolitis, asbestosis, bleomycin, nitrofurantoin, cyclophosphamide
Ground glass opacities on lung DDx
interstitial pneumonia
hypersensitivity pneumonitis
PCP
alveolar proteinosis
Ddx water bottle shaped heart
pericardial effusion with >250cc of fluid
Pulmonary edema (bat wing) DDx
- CHF
- ARDS
- Mendelson’s syndrome (aspiration s/p anesthesia)
- Smoke inhalation
- near drowning
Blunting of costophrenic angles
300-500mL before becomes apparent
Pleural effusion
Kerley B lines
Vascular
- L ventricular failure
- lymph obstruction
Inflammatory
-sarcoidosis
lymphangitis carcinomatosa
DDx Hilar adenopathy
Inflamm
- Sarcoidosis
- Amyloidosis
Intox
-Silicosis
Neoplastic
- Bronchogenic CA
- lymphoma
Unilateral elevated diaphragm
phrenic nerve palsy
pulmonary hypoplasia scoliosis
pulmonary embolism
