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first year med > buzzwords > Flashcards

buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

which Ig is found in mucosa?

A

IgA

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2
Q

which antibiotics are used for gram positive cover?

A

glycopeptides

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3
Q

patient with fever and pleuritic chest pain, relieved by sitting up and leaning forward

A

pericarditis

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4
Q

irregularly irregular pulse

A

atrial fibrillation

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5
Q

ECG - saw tooth baseline + 150bpm

A

atrial flutter

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6
Q

saddle shaped ST elevation

A

pericarditis

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7
Q

broad complex tachycardia

A

ventricular problem

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8
Q

broad QRS with slurred upstroked delta wave

A

wolff-parkinson-white syndrome

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9
Q

tall, tented T waves

A

hyperkalaemia

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10
Q

ground glass on CXR

A

pulmonary fibrosis

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11
Q

caseous necrosis

A

TB

non-caseating = sarcoidosis

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12
Q

D sign on CXR

A

empyema

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13
Q

BHL, erythema nodosim, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis, increased ACE serum

A

sarcoidosis

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14
Q

red jelly sputum

A

klebsiella pneumoniae

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15
Q

rusty sputum

A

pneumococcal pneumonia

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16
Q

how do D-dimers effect PE diagnosis?

A

high - suspect PE (dont diagnose), send for CTPA or V/Q scan

low - rule out PE

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17
Q

how do you treat a large + small PE?

A

large - thrombolysis

small - LMWH

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18
Q

which arrhythmia is common post MI?

A

ventricular tachycardia

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19
Q

what do thiazide and loop diruretics treat respectively?

A

thiazide - hypertension

loop - heart failure

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20
Q

how many half lives before drug reaches steady state?

A

5 usually

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21
Q

which cell population is the foetal part of the placenta derived from?

A

trophoblast

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22
Q

which substance within the cell directly stimulates protein kinase A?

A

cyclic AMP

activation of protein kinase A leads to glycogen breakdown

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23
Q

strongest bond

A

covalent

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24
Q

hydrogen bonds

A

3 atoms usually lie in a straight line

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25
Q

what is the main way an increase in sympathetic outflow results in increase preload?

A

increases renin secretion

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26
Q

example of secondary active transport

A

sodium-glucose co-transport

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27
Q

cell initially involved with excess lipid uptake in vessel wall

A

macrophage

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28
Q

most important predisposing risk factor for atherosclerosis?

A

smoking

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29
Q

narrow complex tachycardia, blow into 50ml syringe to terminate

A

valsalva manouvre –> stimulates VAGUS nerve

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30
Q

SOB when lying flat (more pillows), no wheeze or lower limb swelling

A

left sided heart failure

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31
Q

malignancy spread to supraclavicular fossa

A

gastric adenocarcinoma

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32
Q

dad with x-linked, chances of daughter?

A

100%

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33
Q

neutrophil granules

A

enzymes eg myeloperoxidase

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34
Q

pseudo polyp - crohns or UC?

A

UC

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35
Q

cervical screening looks for

A

dysplasia

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36
Q

cause of hypotension in sepsis

A

Vasoactive mediators that are released to maintain tissue oxygenation – nitric oxide released by activated endothelium (others = prostacyclins)

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37
Q

oncogene tested on breast cancer biopsy

A

HER2

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38
Q

lung cancer - central weight gain, easy bruising, abdominal striae (stretch marks), hyperpigmentation

A

small cell carcinoma - ectopic ACTH production

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39
Q

vascular change during margination in acute inflammation

A

vessel dilates REDUCING flow

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40
Q

management of >2cm primary + secondary pneumothorax

A

primary - aspiration

secondary - chest drain

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41
Q

beclomethasone causing white plaques in mouth

A

take using large volume spacer

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42
Q

collapsed patient, exaggerated chest movement, no audible respiration at mouth or nose, bounding regular pulse

A

upper airway obstruction

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43
Q

most likely group of organisms to cause hospital acquired pneumonia

A

gram negative bacteria

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44
Q

most likely causative organism of community acquired pneumonia

A

streptococcus pneumoniae

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45
Q

drug to treat influenza A + B

A

oseltamivir

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46
Q

measuring success of prevention programme

A

monitor incidence levels

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47
Q

pathophysiological mechanism that causes oedema

A

increased venuole hydrostatic pressure

48
Q

patient gets pericarditis 4-6 weeks post MI

A

dressler’s syndrome

49
Q

‘blurred yellowing vision headache’

A

digoxin toxicity

50
Q

continuous machine like heart murmur

A

patent ductus arteriosus

51
Q

rib notching on CXR + diminished absent lower limb pulses

A

coarctation of the aorta

52
Q

positive anti-globerular basement membrane antibodies

A

goodpasture’s syndrome

53
Q

child with barking cough

A

croup

54
Q

‘steeple’ sign on X ray

A

laryngotracheobronchitis

55
Q

eggshell calcification of hilar region

A

silicosis

56
Q

drug treatment for psuedomonas aeruginosa

A

ciprofloxacin

resistance to betalactams + tetracyclins

57
Q

improve survival post MI

A

omega 3

58
Q

Erbs point

A

3rd ICS left sternal border (S3 + S4)

59
Q

what does epiblast form

A

amniotic cavity

60
Q

non-blanching rash, neck stiffness, strong pulse, low bp

A

septic shock

blood volume decreases in sepsis

61
Q

canalicular phase of lung development

A

alveolar ducts

16-25th week

62
Q

CT of HIV

A

gas filled cavities, bilateral ground glass opacification

63
Q

RNA polymerase

A

transcribes genetic material

64
Q

ST elevation in V1-V3

A

anteroseptal

65
Q

MAP

A

diastolic + 1/3 (systolic - diastolic)

66
Q

nerve which runs lateral to fibrous pericardium

A

phrenic

67
Q

resistance to radius relation in vessels

A

resistance is inversely proportional to radius to the power of 4

68
Q

how to increase venous return

A

increase skeletal muscle activity
increasing venomotor tone

*could be more idk

69
Q

used to reverse warfarin

A

prothrombin complex concentrate

70
Q

most common cause of bronchiolitis

A

RSV

71
Q

intercostal vein drainage

A 
anterior = internal thoracic
posterior = azygous
72
Q

trisomy 18

A

edwards

73
Q

monosomy X in females

A

Turners (45X)

normal intelligence, infertile, no boobs

74
Q

disomy X in males

A

Klinefelters (47XXY)

normal intelligence, sterile, breasts + genitals

75
Q

DiGeorge

A

deletion of q11 gene on chromosome 22

baby with CHD, cleft palate

76
Q

sickle cell anaemia acquired via…

A

acquired through co-dominant inheritance

77
Q

glucose transport to gut

A

GLUT5 passive facilitated diffusion

78
Q

venous drainage of liver

A

hepatic vein -> IVC

79
Q

people who inject drugs hepatitis

A

hep D

80
Q

defensin

A

anti-microbial protein secreted by epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces

81
Q

coffee bean sign on AXR

A

sigmoid volvulus

82
Q

ulcers in mouth, palpable mass RIF, low serum B12 + folate

A

crohns

83
Q

increase ALP + cholesterol, pruritus, increase antimitochondrial antibody

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

84
Q

carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

A

colorectal cancer (tumour marker)

85
Q

pseudomonas aeruginosa treatment

A

ciprofloxacin

–> resistant to most antibiotics + gram neg

86
Q

C. diff treatment

A

mild = metronidazole

severe = metronidazole + vancomycin

(all oral)

87
Q

when doctors can breach confidentiality

A

asked via court order
to police officer when serious crime committed
to parent if minor refusing life faving treatment

88
Q

enlarged, pleomorphic nuclei

A

malignant process

89
Q

acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia post E coli 0157 infection

A

haemolytic uraemic syndrome

90
Q

mallory’s hyaline bodies (seen on microscope)

A

alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis)

chronic active hepatitis

91
Q

alpha feto protein

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

92
Q

CA19-9 tumour marker

A

cholangiocarcinoma / pancreatic

93
Q

liver mass - stellate star appearance

A

fibro-lamellar carcinoma

young patients (5-35)

94
Q

Kaiser Fleischer rings in eyes

A

Wilsons disease

95
Q

anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA)

A

autoimmune hepatitis

96
Q

piecemeal necrosis

A

? autoimmune hepatitis — maybe idk

97
Q

hernia in female, points down leg

A

femoral hernia

98
Q

fresh blood when wiping (not in stool or bowl)

A

haemorrhoids

99
Q

pseudomembrane (white plaque thing) @ back of mouth

A

diptheria

100
Q

painless obstructive jaundice

A

pancreatic cancer / cholangiocarcinoma

101
Q

courvoisiers law

A

= palpable gallbladder + jaundice

–> cholangiocarcinoma / pancreatic cancer

102
Q

fox / cullen’s / grey turner’s sign

A

acute pancreatitis

cullens - bruising around umbilicus
Grey turners - bruising over flanks

103
Q

rice water stools

A

vibrio cholera

104
Q

cloudy ascitic fluid

A

spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
–> serious infection of the ascitic fluid which carries a high mortality and must be immediately treated with antibiotics.

105
Q

JVP cannon waves

A

complete heart block

106
Q

notching of ribs on CXR

A

coarctation of aorta

107
Q

AST:ALT ratio >2

A

alcoholism

108
Q

anti-GBM antibodies

A

goodpastures syndrome (autoimmune, pulmonary haemorrhage)

109
Q

wedge shaped infarct

A

PE

110
Q

tram-line shadowing

A

bronchiectasis

111
Q

kerley B lines + bat wing shadowing

A

HF + pulmonary oedema

112
Q

murphys sign positive

A

cholecystitis - pain on taking breath in when pressing in gallbladder location

113
Q

boot shaped heart

A

tetralogy of fallot

114
Q

egg on side appearance of heart

A

transposition of great vessels

115
Q

gingival hypertrophy + petechiae

A

vit c defiency - scurvy

first year med (15 decks)

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