buzzwords Flashcards
which Ig is found in mucosa?
IgA
which antibiotics are used for gram positive cover?
glycopeptides
patient with fever and pleuritic chest pain, relieved by sitting up and leaning forward
pericarditis
irregularly irregular pulse
atrial fibrillation
ECG - saw tooth baseline + 150bpm
atrial flutter
saddle shaped ST elevation
pericarditis
broad complex tachycardia
ventricular problem
broad QRS with slurred upstroked delta wave
wolff-parkinson-white syndrome
tall, tented T waves
hyperkalaemia
ground glass on CXR
pulmonary fibrosis
caseous necrosis
TB
non-caseating = sarcoidosis
D sign on CXR
empyema
BHL, erythema nodosim, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis, increased ACE serum
sarcoidosis
red jelly sputum
klebsiella pneumoniae
rusty sputum
pneumococcal pneumonia
how do D-dimers effect PE diagnosis?
high - suspect PE (dont diagnose), send for CTPA or V/Q scan
low - rule out PE
how do you treat a large + small PE?
large - thrombolysis
small - LMWH
which arrhythmia is common post MI?
ventricular tachycardia
what do thiazide and loop diruretics treat respectively?
thiazide - hypertension
loop - heart failure
how many half lives before drug reaches steady state?
5 usually
which cell population is the foetal part of the placenta derived from?
trophoblast
which substance within the cell directly stimulates protein kinase A?
cyclic AMP
activation of protein kinase A leads to glycogen breakdown
strongest bond
covalent
hydrogen bonds
3 atoms usually lie in a straight line
what is the main way an increase in sympathetic outflow results in increase preload?
increases renin secretion
example of secondary active transport
sodium-glucose co-transport
cell initially involved with excess lipid uptake in vessel wall
macrophage
most important predisposing risk factor for atherosclerosis?
smoking
narrow complex tachycardia, blow into 50ml syringe to terminate
valsalva manouvre –> stimulates VAGUS nerve
SOB when lying flat (more pillows), no wheeze or lower limb swelling
left sided heart failure
malignancy spread to supraclavicular fossa
gastric adenocarcinoma
dad with x-linked, chances of daughter?
100%
neutrophil granules
enzymes eg myeloperoxidase
pseudo polyp - crohns or UC?
UC
cervical screening looks for
dysplasia
cause of hypotension in sepsis
Vasoactive mediators that are released to maintain tissue oxygenation – nitric oxide released by activated endothelium (others = prostacyclins)
oncogene tested on breast cancer biopsy
HER2
lung cancer - central weight gain, easy bruising, abdominal striae (stretch marks), hyperpigmentation
small cell carcinoma - ectopic ACTH production
vascular change during margination in acute inflammation
vessel dilates REDUCING flow
management of >2cm primary + secondary pneumothorax
primary - aspiration
secondary - chest drain
beclomethasone causing white plaques in mouth
take using large volume spacer
collapsed patient, exaggerated chest movement, no audible respiration at mouth or nose, bounding regular pulse
upper airway obstruction
most likely group of organisms to cause hospital acquired pneumonia
gram negative bacteria
most likely causative organism of community acquired pneumonia
streptococcus pneumoniae
drug to treat influenza A + B
oseltamivir
measuring success of prevention programme
monitor incidence levels
pathophysiological mechanism that causes oedema
increased venuole hydrostatic pressure
patient gets pericarditis 4-6 weeks post MI
dressler’s syndrome
‘blurred yellowing vision headache’
digoxin toxicity
continuous machine like heart murmur
patent ductus arteriosus
rib notching on CXR + diminished absent lower limb pulses
coarctation of the aorta
positive anti-globerular basement membrane antibodies
goodpasture’s syndrome
child with barking cough
croup
‘steeple’ sign on X ray
laryngotracheobronchitis
eggshell calcification of hilar region
silicosis
drug treatment for psuedomonas aeruginosa
ciprofloxacin
resistance to betalactams + tetracyclins
improve survival post MI
omega 3
Erbs point
3rd ICS left sternal border (S3 + S4)
what does epiblast form
amniotic cavity
non-blanching rash, neck stiffness, strong pulse, low bp
septic shock
blood volume decreases in sepsis
canalicular phase of lung development
alveolar ducts
16-25th week
CT of HIV
gas filled cavities, bilateral ground glass opacification
RNA polymerase
transcribes genetic material
ST elevation in V1-V3
anteroseptal
MAP
diastolic + 1/3 (systolic - diastolic)
nerve which runs lateral to fibrous pericardium
phrenic
resistance to radius relation in vessels
resistance is inversely proportional to radius to the power of 4
how to increase venous return
increase skeletal muscle activity
increasing venomotor tone
*could be more idk
used to reverse warfarin
prothrombin complex concentrate
most common cause of bronchiolitis
RSV
intercostal vein drainage
anterior = internal thoracic posterior = azygous
trisomy 18
edwards
monosomy X in females
Turners (45X)
normal intelligence, infertile, no boobs
disomy X in males
Klinefelters (47XXY)
normal intelligence, sterile, breasts + genitals
DiGeorge
deletion of q11 gene on chromosome 22
baby with CHD, cleft palate
sickle cell anaemia acquired via…
acquired through co-dominant inheritance
glucose transport to gut
GLUT5 passive facilitated diffusion
venous drainage of liver
hepatic vein -> IVC
people who inject drugs hepatitis
hep D
defensin
anti-microbial protein secreted by epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces
coffee bean sign on AXR
sigmoid volvulus
ulcers in mouth, palpable mass RIF, low serum B12 + folate
crohns
increase ALP + cholesterol, pruritus, increase antimitochondrial antibody
primary biliary cirrhosis
carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
colorectal cancer (tumour marker)
pseudomonas aeruginosa treatment
ciprofloxacin
–> resistant to most antibiotics + gram neg
C. diff treatment
mild = metronidazole
severe = metronidazole + vancomycin
(all oral)
when doctors can breach confidentiality
asked via court order
to police officer when serious crime committed
to parent if minor refusing life faving treatment
enlarged, pleomorphic nuclei
malignant process
acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia post E coli 0157 infection
haemolytic uraemic syndrome
mallory’s hyaline bodies (seen on microscope)
alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis)
chronic active hepatitis
alpha feto protein
hepatocellular carcinoma
CA19-9 tumour marker
cholangiocarcinoma / pancreatic
liver mass - stellate star appearance
fibro-lamellar carcinoma
young patients (5-35)
Kaiser Fleischer rings in eyes
Wilsons disease
anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA)
autoimmune hepatitis
piecemeal necrosis
? autoimmune hepatitis — maybe idk
hernia in female, points down leg
femoral hernia
fresh blood when wiping (not in stool or bowl)
haemorrhoids
pseudomembrane (white plaque thing) @ back of mouth
diptheria
painless obstructive jaundice
pancreatic cancer / cholangiocarcinoma
courvoisiers law
= palpable gallbladder + jaundice
–> cholangiocarcinoma / pancreatic cancer
fox / cullen’s / grey turner’s sign
acute pancreatitis
cullens - bruising around umbilicus
Grey turners - bruising over flanks
rice water stools
vibrio cholera
cloudy ascitic fluid
spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
–> serious infection of the ascitic fluid which carries a high mortality and must be immediately treated with antibiotics.
JVP cannon waves
complete heart block
notching of ribs on CXR
coarctation of aorta
AST:ALT ratio >2
alcoholism
anti-GBM antibodies
goodpastures syndrome (autoimmune, pulmonary haemorrhage)
wedge shaped infarct
PE
tram-line shadowing
bronchiectasis
kerley B lines + bat wing shadowing
HF + pulmonary oedema
murphys sign positive
cholecystitis - pain on taking breath in when pressing in gallbladder location
boot shaped heart
tetralogy of fallot
egg on side appearance of heart
transposition of great vessels
gingival hypertrophy + petechiae
vit c defiency - scurvy
