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4th Year > Buzzwords > Flashcards

Buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

thunderclap headache

A

SAH (PKD)

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2
Q

xanthochromic LP

A

SAH

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3
Q

lucid period after head trauma

A

extradural haemorrhage

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4
Q

cogwheel rigidity

A

parkinson’s

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5
Q

woody texture muscle swelling

A

duchenne/becker MD

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6
Q

raised CK

A

muscular dystrophy

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7
Q

tow walker or positive powers sign

A

muscular dystrophy

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8
Q

mask like expression

A

parkinson’s

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9
Q

fluctuating cognitive deficit

A

Lewy body/delirium

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10
Q

REM disturbance (later in night)

A

Lewy body/parkinsons

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11
Q

vivid visual hallucinations normally of children and not threatening

A

lewy body

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12
Q

acute onset cognitive disturbance that fluctuates

A

delirium

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13
Q

personality/behaviour change then dementia

A

frontotemporal dementia (pick’s disease)

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14
Q

memory and personality problems in someone with CVS disease

A

vascular dementia

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15
Q

stepwise deterioration

A

vascular dementia

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16
Q

pian on loud noice

A

facial Nerve plasy

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17
Q

painful third nerve palsy

A

posterior communicating artery aneurysm

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18
Q

myalgia + myositis + myoglobulinaemia/uria

A

rhabdomyolysis (-> DIC/AKI)

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19
Q

inflammatory myopathy with poor response to steroids

A

inclusion body myositis

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20
Q

weakness + frontal balding + cataracts + ptosis

A

myotonic dystrophy (onset 30s, Fox)

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21
Q

leg symptoms + midline shift

A

falcon herniation

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22
Q

back pain worse on coughing

A

slipped disc

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23
Q

back pain worse on coughing

A

posterior fossa issue

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24
Q

Bilateral sciatica + male sexual dysfunction +/- bowel & bladder sx

A

cauda equina

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25
Q

pleocytosis (increase in WBC in CSF)

A

rule out meningitis

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26
Q

very high (>2000) protein on LP

A

TB meningitis

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27
Q

migraine prophylaxis 1st line

A

propanolol, topiramate or amitryptyline

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28
Q

migraine prophylaxis 2nd line

A

valproate, pizotifen, gabapentin

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29
Q

injury upper brachial plexus

A

erb’s palsy

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30
Q

erb’s palsy

A

waiters tip

shoulder dystocia

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31
Q

injury to lower brachial plexus

A

Klumpke’s

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32
Q

Klumpke’s

A

claw hand

Horner’s syndrome, pulling injury, asleep on bar stool

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33
Q

positive simmonds test

A

achilles tendon rupture

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34
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

postsynaptic antiacetylcholine receptor antibode

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35
Q

purely motor symptoms with ocular sparing

A

MND

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36
Q

cervical myelopathy

A

high stepping gait + Romberg’s positive

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37
Q

raccoon or pandas eyes

A

fracture of anterior cranial fossa

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38
Q

battle sign behind ears

A

fracture of middle cranial fossa (mastoid of temporal)

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39
Q

diarrhoea + progressive ascending weakness

A

Guillain barre

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40
Q

3rd person auditory hallucinations

A

schizophrenia

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41
Q

mesocortiyal dopamine hypoactivity

A

negative and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia

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42
Q

subcortical domaine hyperactivity

A

psychosis

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43
Q

mesolimbic Da blockade

A

depression

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44
Q

mesolimbic Da agonism

A

psychosis

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45
Q

clozapine s/e

A

agranulocytosis
cardiomyositis
weight gain

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46
Q

clozapine monitoring

A

once a week for 6 months
once every 2 weeks for next 6 months
every 4 weeks after + one month after stopping

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47
Q

limbic system functions

A 
M2OVE
Motivation 
Memory 
Olfaction 
Visceral afferents 
Emotion
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48
Q

brain changes in schizophrenia

A

reduced frontal lobe volume & grey matter
enlarged lateral ventricles
reduced grey matter in temporal cortex

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49
Q

pressure of thought

A

varied ideas in abundance

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50
Q

poverty of thought

A

lack/absence of thoughts

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51
Q

thought blocking

A

abrupt & complete interruption of stream

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52
Q

flight of ideas

A

moving quickly but there’s a link

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53
Q

knight’s move thinking

A

no link

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54
Q

Treat extrapyramidal s/e

A

procylcodine

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55
Q

amygdala

A

normal response to threat

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56
Q

pre-frontal cortex

A

dampens amygdala’s response to threat

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57
Q

OCD managment

A

SSRI

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58
Q

borderline LD

A

70-80

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59
Q

mild LD

A

50-69

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60
Q

moderate LD

A

35-49

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61
Q

severe LD

A

20-34

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62
Q

profound LD

A

<20

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63
Q

beck’s triade

A

negative feelings about self, world and future

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64
Q

NMDA antagonists

A

psychotic symptoms

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65
Q

alcohol withdrawal

A

chlordiazepoxide starting at 30mg QDS

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66
Q

alcohol withdrawal sexiures

A

within 48 hours

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67
Q

delirium tremens

A

48-72 hours

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68
Q

eosinophilic inclusions

A

lewy bodies

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69
Q

risk of what with MAOIs

A

hypertensive crisis

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70
Q

MAOI hypertensive cirsis

A

phentolamine infusions

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71
Q

avoid TCA in

A

cardiac problems or patients with suicidal intent

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72
Q

cherry red spot at macula

A

CRAO

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73
Q

tar drop or blood level in sinus

A

blow-out fracture

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74
Q

blow-out fracture

A

can’t look up + double vision

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75
Q

feaulre to adduct + nystagmus in abducting eye

A

internuclear ophthalmoplgia

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76
Q

internuclear ophthalmoplegia

A

issue with medial longitudinal fasciculus

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77
Q

pain on eye movement + change in vision

A

optic neuritis

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78
Q

painful loss of vision

A

optic neuritis

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79
Q

curtain coming down back to normal in < 5 mins

A

amaurosis fugax

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80
Q

flashes & floaters

A

retinal detachment

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81
Q

curtain coming down longer than 5 mins

A

retinal detachment

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82
Q

photophobia, posterior synechiae, cells in anterior chamber

A

anterior uveitis

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83
Q

gritty

A

bacterial conjunctivitis

foreign body

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84
Q

watery and pain and pre-auricular lymph noes

A

viral conjunctivitis

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85
Q

silver/copper wiring on fundoscopy

A

HTN eye disease

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86
Q

loss of red reflex, red eye on ophathlmoscope

A

vitreous haemorrhage

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87
Q

new vessels + haemorrhage

A

ARMD wet

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88
Q

follicular conjunctivitis

A

chlamydia

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89
Q

pinpoint pupils

A

pontine issue

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90
Q

dilated pupils

A

trans-calcarine fracture

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91
Q

different sized pulil

A

damage to CN3 or horners

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92
Q

down out dilated

A

damage to CN3

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93
Q

down out not dilated

A

Diabetes

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94
Q

roth spots

A

infective endocarditis

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95
Q

brushfield spots

A

downs

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96
Q

scrambled egg appearance of macula

A

best disease

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97
Q

drusen

A

dry ARMD

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98
Q

US snowstorm appearance

A

hydatidiform mole

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99
Q

Frog-spawn or grape like expulsion

A

hydatidiform mole

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100
Q

antepartum haemorrhage in patient with succenturiate lobe or velamentous insertion

A

vasa praevia

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101
Q

maternal blood & no feral distress

A

placenta praevia excluded before vaginal examination

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102
Q

foetal blood & sudden foetal distress

A

vasa praevia

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103
Q

doughy abdomen, antepartum haemorrhage & tense uterus

A

placenta accreta

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104
Q

planta accreta pathology

A

insertion into myometrium post endometrial ablation

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105
Q

treatment placenta accreta

A

c-section +/- hysterectomy (always give contraception_

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106
Q

fetal distress, loss of engagement, precious C-seciot

A

uterine rupture

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107
Q

PPH followed by pituitary failure

A

Sheehan’s syndrome

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108
Q

strawberry cervix

A

trichomonad vaginalis

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109
Q

trichomonad vaginalis treatment

A

metronidazole

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110
Q

clue cells, high vaginal pH (>4.5)

A

bacterial vaginosis

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111
Q

BV treatment

A

metronidazole

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112
Q

prolapse & back pain

A

uterine prolapse

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113
Q

large tense uterus (woody abdomen) bleeding and pain

A

placental abruption

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114
Q

sky high HCG

A

molar pregnancy

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115
Q

hypogodaotrophic hypogodaism & anosmia

A

kallmans

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116
Q

fluid level behind drum

A

OME

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117
Q

retracted drum

A

OME

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118
Q

dull coloured drum

A

OME

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119
Q

difficulty at school & having to shout loud for child to hear

A

Hearing loss OME

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120
Q

feeling of fullness in ear

A

menieres

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121
Q

issues with hearing and balance after viral illness

A

labrynthitis

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122
Q

loss of corneal reflex, sensorineural hearing loss, vertigo and tinnitus

A

acoustic neuroma

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123
Q

acoustic nerouma

A

assoc with NF 2

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124
Q

vertigo on rotation of head in bed

A

BPPV

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125
Q

battle sign

A

bruising on skull behind ear

mastoid process of temporal bone fractures

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126
Q

pearly white Otoscopy

foul cheesy discharge

A

cholesteatoma

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127
Q

saddle nose

A

Wegner’s granulomatosis

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128
Q

little’s area

A

branches from external carotid - maxillary & facial

branch from internal carotid - ophthalmic

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129
Q

Edward’s

A

chromosome 18

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130
Q

patau

A

chromosome 13

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131
Q

down’s

A

chromosome 21

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132
Q

ADHD triad

A

hyperactive
inattentive
impulsive

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133
Q

ADHD treatment

A

methylphenidate or atomoxetine

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134
Q

autism

A

social problems
language problems
repetitive behavious

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135
Q

aspergers

A

social problems

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136
Q

statin + grapefruit

A

bad

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137
Q

metronidazole + alcohol

A

bad

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138
Q

wardfarin + cranberry

A

bad

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139
Q

warfarin + amiodarone

A

amiodarone potentiates anticoagulant affect

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140
Q

statin + clarithromycin

A

bad

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141
Q

calcium + thyroxine

A

decreased absorption from GIT

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142
Q

warfarin + NSAID

A

bleed

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143
Q

ACEi + spironolactone

A

hyperkalaemia

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144
Q

digoxin + verapamil

A

digoxin toxicity

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145
Q

fluoxetine + phenelzine

A

serotonin syndrome

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146
Q

serotonin syndrome

A

hyperthermia
tremor
CVS

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147
Q

b1 deficiency

A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

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148
Q

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and confusion

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149
Q

irreversible wernicke’s

A

korsakoffs

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150
Q

Wernicke’s treatment

A

pabrinex

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151
Q

contraindications to triptans

A

ischaemic heart disease
uncontrolled hypertension
lithium, SSRIs
cabergoline

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152
Q

stuck on appearance

A

basal cell papilloma (seborrheic keratoses)

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153
Q

picket fence pearly border, rodent ulcer

A

BCC

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154
Q

dermatitis herptiformis

A

coeliac disease

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155
Q

erythema nodosum assoc

A

sarcoidosis
IBD
TB

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156
Q

erythematous bullseye lesion

A

erythema migrant

lyme disease

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157
Q 
ash leaf spots 
shagreen patches 
epilepsy 
periungum sclera 
adenoma sebacum
A

tuberous sclerosis

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158
Q

honey coloured crust

A

impetigo

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159
Q

impetigo

A

staph or group a haemolytic strep

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160
Q

cafe au last spots
lische spots in eyes
axillary freckline

A

NF 1 or 2

161
Q

silver scales
extensor surfaces
at sites of trauma

A

psoriasis

162
Q

cauliflower appearance

A

plantar warts

163
Q

kaposi’s sarcoma

A

HIV

immunocompromised

164
Q

kaposi’s sarcoma virus

A

HHV8

165
Q

intense erythema on cheeks & proximal limbs

A

slapped cheek (erythrovirus parvovirus B19)

166
Q

parvovirus B19 in SCD

A

aplastic anaemia

167
Q

small umbilicate translucent papule that look fluid filled but are solid

A

molluscum contagiosum

168
Q

flaccid blisters that can be burst easily to form erythematous erosions

A

pemphigus vulgaris

169
Q

large tense bull that are itchy and cannot be burst

A

bullous pemphigoid

170
Q

heliotrope rash and scaly knuckles (gottron’s papule) and muscle pain

A

dermatomyositis

171
Q

fish scale skin

A

ictthyosis

172
Q

velvety thickened lesions in axiallae

A

acanthuses nigricans

173
Q

acanthuses nigricans

A

Addisons (due to increased ACTH)

diabetes

174
Q

target lesions

A

erythema multiforme

175
Q

schistocytes

A

intravascular haemolysis

176
Q

pepper pot skull

A

myeloma

177
Q

reed Sternberg cells

CD30 positive

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

178
Q

philadelphia chromosome

A

9,22 translocations

chronic myeloid leukaemia

179
Q

atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV (mononucleosis)

180
Q

Heinz bodies

A

G6PD deficiency
alpha thalassaemia
HbH disease

181
Q

auer rods

A

acute myeloid leukaemia

182
Q

pence-jones proteins

A

multiple myeloma

183
Q

itchy after a hot bath

A

polycythaemia rubra vera

184
Q

translocation 8,14

A

burkitt’s

185
Q

african kid with history of EBV and tumour in face/jaw

A

burkitts

186
Q

alcohol makes pain worse

A

hodgkin’s

187
Q

haemarthrosis

A

haemophilia

188
Q

bleeding into joint

A

problem with secondary haemostasis

189
Q

reduced levels of factor IX with Christmas disease

A

haemophilia B

190
Q

christmas disease

A

deficiency of factor IX

191
Q

young boy with reduced levels of factor VII and increased APTT

A

haemophilia A

192
Q

priapism

A

assoc with sickle cell disease

193
Q

gum infiltration, bilobed large mononuclear cells

A

AML

194
Q

smudge cells peripheral blood lymphocytosis small mature lymphocytes

A

CLL

195
Q

Von Willebrand disease

A

behaves like platelet disorder

prolonged bleed time and APTT

196
Q

IgM paraprotein

A

Waldenstorm’s macroglobulinaemia

197
Q

raised ESR and osteoporosis

A

myeloma until proven otherwise

198
Q

patient has fever and pleuritic chest pain relieved by sitting up and leaning forward

A

pericarditis

199
Q

irregularly irregular pulse

A

AF

200
Q

saw tooth baseline

150bpm

A

atrial flutter

201
Q 
alveolar bat wing's 
Kelley b lines 
cardiomegaly 
dilated prominent upper lobe vessels 
pleural effusion
A

pulmonary oedema

202
Q

raised JVP

A

right sided heart failure

203
Q

sense of impending doom

A

MI

204
Q

saddle shaped ST elevation

A

pericarditis

205
Q

broad complex tachycardia

A

ventricular

206
Q

mid-diastolic murmur with tapping undisplayed apex

A

mitral steonsis

207
Q

broad QRS with slurred upstroke on R wave

A

delta wave

WPW

208
Q

tall tented t waves

A

hyperkalaemia (and wide QRS)

209
Q

j wave in ECG

A

hypothermia

210
Q

patient gets pericarditis 4-6 weeks post MI

A

Dressler syndrome

211
Q

blurred yellowing vision headache

A

digoxin toxicity

212
Q

laneway lesions

osler’s nodes

A

subacute bacterial endocarditis

213
Q

continuous machine like heart murmur

A

patent ductus arteriosus

214
Q

rib notching on CXR

A

coarctation of aorta

215
Q

crescendo decrescendo murmur

A

aortic stenosis

216
Q

diminished/absent lower limb pulses

A

coarctation of aorta

217
Q

radio-femoral delay

A

coarctation of aorta

218
Q

radial-radial delay

A

coarctation or aortic dissection

219
Q

MRS ASS

A

mitral regurgitation systolic

aortic stenosis systolic

220
Q

systolic murmur radiating to neck

A

aortic stenosis

221
Q

sudden tearing/ripping chest paid radiates to back

A

aortic dissection

222
Q

stony dull to percuss

A

pleural effusion

223
Q

right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

pneumonia

224
Q

ground glass on CXR

A

pulmonary fibrosis

RDS of newborn

225
Q

ziehl nelson stain positive for acid fast bacilli

A

TB

226
Q

caseous necrosis

A

TB

227
Q

military TB

A

spread of organism into bloodstream

228
Q

miliary TB via pulmonary artery

A

dissemination into lungs

229
Q

military TB via pulmonary vein

A

systemic dissemination to liver, spleen, kidneys

230
Q

positive anti-GBM

A

goodpastures

231
Q

chest infection with parrot/pigeon as pet cause

A

chlamydophilia psittaci

232
Q

dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad, some indication of water spread

A

legionella pneumophilia

233
Q

test for legionella

A

urinery antigens

hyponotraemia

234
Q

tall thin young man who indulges in marijuana

A

pneumothorax (marfan’s)

235
Q

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis and weight loss

A

sarcoidosis

236
Q

bronchiole wider than neighbouring arterial on CT

A

signet ring sign

bronchiectasis

237
Q

d sign on x-ray

A

empyema

238
Q

steeple sign on xray

A

laryngotracheobronchitis/croup

239
Q

child with barking cough

A

croup

240
Q

pneumocystis pneumonia

A

HIV

241
Q

pneumocystis pneumonia treatment & prophylaxis

A

co-trimoxazole (+ red if severe)

242
Q

samter’s triad

A

asthma
nasal polyps
salicylate sensitivity

243
Q

alcoholic/aspiration pneumonia

A

kelibseilla

244
Q

red jelly sputum

A

klebsiella

245
Q

mucoid sputum

A

chlamydia psittaci

246
Q

rusty sputum

A

pneumococcal pneumonia

247
Q

canton ball metasases

A

classically primary RCC

248
Q

morning headahce

A

hypercapnia

S/E nitrates

249
Q

ACTH secreting lung tumour

A

Small cell carcinoma of lung

250
Q

PTH secreting lung tumour

A

squamous cell

251
Q

small cell carcinoma

A

neuroendocrine
highly malignant
ectopic endocrine syndromes

252
Q

increased ACE & calcium

A

sarcoid

253
Q

eggshell calcification at hilarity regions

A

silicosis

254
Q

heart failure cells seen in alveolar spaces

A

macrophages that have absorbed haemosiderin

chronic pulmonary oedema, pulmonary hypertension. LVF

255
Q

ghon focus

A

an area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung beneath the pleura (TB)

256
Q

ghon focus rupture

A

TB pleurisy

257
Q

assmann focus

A

apical lesion of secondary TB

258
Q

coin lesion on CXR

A

rounded solitary lesion

carcinoma, metastases, bronchial hamartoma, granuloma, abscess

259
Q

Horner’s syndrome cause

A

local spread of cancer to the intrathoracic nodes or a pan coast’s tumour
invades cervical sympathetic chain

260
Q

Horner’s syndrome signs

A

ptosis (drooping of eyelid)
enophthalmos (sunken eye)
miosis (small pupil)
lack of sweating on ipsilateral face

261
Q

acute asthma management

A 
OSHIT MAN
oxygen 
salbutamol (2.5mg) nebuliser 
hydrocortisone 100mg IV (pred 40mg oral) 
ipratropium bromide (0.5mg) nebuliser 
theophylline IV or aminophyline 
magnesium 
ANaesthetist
262
Q

thumbprint on head x-ray

A

epiglottitis

263
Q

inspiratory whoop/barking cough

A

pertussis

264
Q

snow storm appearance on CXR

A

baritones, silicosis

265
Q

management of COPD exacerbation

A 
iSOAPi - ipratropium
        	S - Salbutamol
        	O - Oxygen
        	A - amoxicillin
        	P - prednisolone
266
Q

non-smoker + peripheral lung cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

267
Q

squamous + small cell lung cancers location

A

central

268
Q

high d-dimers

A

?PE

269
Q

low d-dimers

A

excludes PE

270
Q

large PE

A

thrombolysis

271
Q

small PE

A

LMWH

272
Q

honeycomb lung

A

fibrosing alveolitis

273
Q

gingival hypertrophy

A

gingivectomy

S/E of CCBs or phenytoin

274
Q

bird beak appearance

A

achalasia

275
Q

bird beak appearance in lower GI

A

bowel obstruction

276
Q

grey turner’s

A

lumbar redness acute pancreatitis

277
Q

cullen’s

A

umbilical redness

pancreatitis

278
Q

I GET SMASHED

A 
pancreatitis 
idiopathic 
gallstones 
ethanol 
trauma 
steroids 
mumps 
autoimmune 
scorpion bites/ Stings 
hyperlipidaemia/hypothermia/hypercalcaemia 
ERCP 
Drugs
279
Q

Murphy’s sign positive

A

cholecyctsitis

280
Q

pale stools, jaundice, abdo pain

A

biliary obstruction

281
Q

abdo distension, caput medusae, shifting dullness

A

portal hypertension + ascites

282
Q

pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum

A

Crohn’s UC

283
Q

tinkling bowel sounds

A

bowel obstruction

284
Q

vesicular rash + weight loss

A

coeliac

285
Q

virchow’s node

A

left supra-clavicular

gastric cancer

286
Q

urea breath test

A

h pylori

287
Q

c13 breath test

A

bacterial overgrowth

288
Q

glycholate breath test

A

bacterial overgrowth

289
Q

rice water stool

A

vibrio cholera

290
Q

Primary biliary cirrhosis

A

AMA

291
Q

autoimmune hepatitis

A

ASMA

292
Q

AFP

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

teratoma

293
Q

cobblestone mucosa (fissuring)

A

crohn’s

294
Q

diuretic for ascites

A

spironolactone

295
Q

corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow

A

diffuse oesophageal spasm

296
Q

severe abdo pain & diarrhoea after milk

A

campylobacter

297
Q

russel’s sign

A

self-induced vomiting

298
Q

mallory’s hyaline bodies

A

alcoholic liver disease & chronic active hepatitis

299
Q

crypt abscess/cryptitis

A

UC

300
Q

onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts

A

PSC

301
Q

signet ring cells on biopsy

A

linitis plastica

diffuse stomach cancer

302
Q

thumb printing on AXR at splenic flexure

A

ischaemic colitis

303
Q

charcot’s triad

A

acute cholangitis
fever
jaundice
abdo pain

304
Q

causes for abdominal mass

A 
A CHEMICAL 
AAA 
Crohns 
hernia
enlarged organ 
malignancy 
intussusception 
crypt/abscess 
appendicitis 
lymphadenopathy
305
Q

causes for bowel obstruction

A 
BATH VIPS
bolus 
adhesions 
tumour 
hernia 
volvulus 
intussusception 
pseudo-obstruction 
stricture
306
Q

bloody diarrhoea fragmented RBCs metallic green stool cultures

A

e.coli 0157

307
Q

e. coli

A

undercooked hamburgers

308
Q

red macule on body

A

salmonella typhi

309
Q

playing with turtles, undercooked chicken

A

salmonella enterididis

310
Q

bloody diarrhoea, haemorrhage mucosa + ulcers on distal colon

A

shigella dysenteria

311
Q

india, severe dehydration, watery diarrhoea

A

vibrio cholerae

312
Q

unpasteurised milk, Guillain barre

A

campylobacter

313
Q

catecholamines in the urine, headaches, hypertension, palpitations

A

phaeochromocytoma

314
Q

tanned skin without being on holiday

A

addison’s

315
Q

increased shoe size, spade hands, wedding ring too tight, headache

A

acromegaly

316
Q

hyperthyroidism + eye changes + smooth velvety skin

A

grave’s

317
Q

mood face, proximal weakness, stretch marks, buffalo hump, abdominal fat

A

cushings

318
Q

ketones on break

A

DKA

319
Q

deep laboured breathing kussmaul breathing

A

metabolic acidosis

320
Q

orphan Annie nuclei

A

papillary thyroid cancer

321
Q

psammoma bodies

A

papillary thyroid cancer

322
Q

bone pain
stones
abdo pain
psychiatric problems (bones, stones, groans, moans)

A

hypercalcaemia

323
Q

butterfly rash

A

SLE

324
Q

malar flush

A

mitral stenosis

325
Q

heat intolerance, palpitations, diarrhoea

A

hyperthyroidisim

326
Q

cold intolerance weight gain constipation

A

hypothyroidism

327
Q

anosmia & isolated GnRH deficiency

A

Kallmann’s

328
Q

Trousseau sign, Chvostek sign and QT prolongation (on ECG)

A

hypocalcaemia

329
Q

acute management of hypocalcaemia

A

IV calcium gluconate (10 ml of 10% over 10 mins in 50% desxtrose or saline)

330
Q

brachydactyly (short bones) of 4th metacarpal

A

pseudohypoparathyroidism

331
Q

pencil in cup x-ray

A

psoriatic arthritis

332
Q

sausage fingers

A

psoriatic arthritis

333
Q

wrist drop

A

radial nerve palsy

334
Q

dinner fork deformity in wrist

A

displaced colles fracture

335
Q

swan\s neck deformity in wrist

A

displaced colles fracture

336
Q

pain/tenderness in anatomical snuffbox

A

scaphoid fracture

337
Q

feels like walking on pebbles

A

advanced rheumatoid arthritis in the feet - subluxation of the metatarsophalangeal joints

338
Q

Arthritis + Uveitis + Urethritis (can’t see, can’t pee, can’t bend the knee)

A

reiter’s

339
Q

foot drop

A

common fibular (perineal)

340
Q

fractures which are high risk for AVN

A

Proximal scaphoid, Intracapsular femoral, femoral condyles, humeral head, capitellum and proximal talus

341
Q

sagging rope sign

A

AVN

342
Q

Negative birefringent, needle shaped urate crystals (yellow to blue)

A

gout

343
Q

Envelope shaped/rhomboid, mildly positive birefringent Ca pyrophosphate crystals

A

pseudogout

344
Q

Positive anterior drawer test (tibia can be pulled forward easily on the femur when knee flexed)

A

ACL rupture/tear

345
Q

Pain in internal rotation and extension of knee at 90 degree

A

lateral menisceal tear

346
Q

Painful arc (pain on abducting between about 70-120 degrees)

A

damaged supraspinatus tendon, frozen shoulder, rotator cuff tendon impingement

347
Q

difficulty with external rotation of shoulder

A

frozen shoulder

348
Q

Dry eyes, mouth, skin, +ve Schirmer’s test

A

sjogren’s

349
Q

Dry eyes, mouth, vagina, bronchitis

A

sicca syndrome

350
Q

locked knee

A

bucket handle meniscus tear

351
Q

Bamboo spine on X RAY, sacroiliitis and question mark posture

A

ank spond

352
Q

shortened & externally rotated leg

A

displaced neck of femur fracture

353
Q

shortened and internal rotated leg

A

dislocated femoral head

354
Q

onion peel sign bones

A

Ewing’s sarcoma

355
Q

Sunday spiculation

A

osteosarcoma

356
Q

popcorn calcification

A

chondrosarcoma

357
Q

soap bubble appearance

A

giant cell tumour (benign)

358
Q

scalp tenderness & jaw claudication

A

temporal arteritis

359
Q

positive gower’s

A

duchenne

360
Q

swollen woody calves

A

duchenne or becker

361
Q

hatchet like face

A

myotonic dystrophy

362
Q

rosary bead sign

A

polyarteritis nodosa

363
Q

light bulb sign

A

posterior shoulder dislocation

364
Q

shepherd’s crook deformity

A

fibrous dysplasia

365
Q

Loosers zone on x-ray

A

pathognomic of osteomalacia, a thin translucent band, approximately 2mm in width, which represents a pseudo fracture or incomplete stress fracture

366
Q

loin to groin pain

A

renal colic

367
Q

sea anemone

A

TCC on cystoscopy

368
Q

UTI + travel to India

A

Carbapenase-producing Klebsiella (Resistant to all antibiotics)

369
Q

UTI with foul smelling urine & renal calculi

A

proteus

370
Q

beading of renal artery

A

fibromuscular dysplasia

371
Q

RBS casts in urine

A

haematuria is glomerula

372
Q

muddy brown casts of epithelial cells

A

acute tubularnecrosis

373
Q

potato appearance

A

testicular seminaoma

374
Q

blue dot sign

A

Torsion of testicular appendix (cremasteric reflex still present)

375
Q

Schistosomiasis/ catheterisation increase risk of

A

SCC

376
Q

apple green birefringence on Congo red stain

A

amyloidosis

377
Q

swinging fever

A

abscess or malaria

378
Q

TB treatment

A

2 RIPE 4 RI

379
Q

ABCDE skin

A 
asymmetry
border 
colour 
diameter 
evolving/elevation
380
Q

DKA causes

A 
5Is
Infection 
Ischaemia 
Infarction 
Ignorance 
Intoxication
381
Q

4Hs

A

hypovolaemia
hypothermia
hyperkalaemia/hypokalaemia
hypoxia

382
Q

4Ts

A

tamponade
tension pneumothorax
thromboembolism
toxin

383
Q

4Ts of PPH

A

tissue retained
tone uterin
thrombin coagulopathy
trauma

384
Q

staph aureus abx

A

flucloxacillin

385
Q

MRSA abx

A

vancomycin or teicoplanin

386
Q

nosocomial pneumonia (severe) abx

A

IV amoxicillin + metronidazole + gentamicin

387
Q

nosocomial pneumonia (mild) abx

A

amoxicillin + metrondiazole

388
Q

CAP CURB 0-2 abx

A

amoxicillin

pen allergy -> doxycyline

389
Q

CAP CURB 3 or more

A

IV co-amoxiclave + IV clarithromycin

390
Q

intra-abdominal sepsis

A

IV amoxicillin + met + gent

391
Q

recurrent/relapse c. diff

A

fidoxamicin

392
Q

mild c. diff

A

metronidazole

393
Q

severe c. diff

A

oral vancomycin

394
Q

acute exacerbation COPD

A
  1. amox

2. doxy

395
Q

legionnair’s

A

erythromycin/clarithromycin

396
Q

epiglpttitis (h. influenzae)

A

ceftriaxone

397
Q

amoebiasis

A

metronidazole

398
Q

giardiasis

A

metronidazole

4th Year (4 decks)

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