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BUZZWORDS Flashcards

1
Q

NEURO: “hairy cells”

A

pilocytic astrocytoma (WHO grade 1)

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2
Q

NEURO: Rosenthal fibres

A

pilocytic astrocytoma

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3
Q

NEURO: “fried-egg appearance”

A

oligodendrocytoma

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4
Q

NEURO: “ventricular tumour” “hydrocephalus”

A

ependymoma

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5
Q

Loss of E-cadherin

A

Invasive lobular carcinoma (breast) and diffuse gastric carcinoma

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6
Q

Heart condition: amyloidosis, haemochromatosis, pericardial thickening

A

restrictive pericarditis

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7
Q

green/brown nipple discharge

A

duct ectasia

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8
Q

bloody discharge

A

intraductal papilloma

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9
Q

Barrett’s metaplastic change

A

squamous to columnar

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10
Q

Squamous cell lung carcinoma metastatic change

A

ciliated columnar to squamous

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11
Q

Colorectal polyps: NO associated cancer risk

A

haemartomatous, mucosal, submucosal

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12
Q

Colorectal polyps: associated cancer risk

A

adenomatous/villous/sessile serated

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13
Q

Sjorgen’s autoantibodies (and most specific)

A

ANTI-RO, anti-La

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14
Q

CREST antibody

A

anti-centromere

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15
Q

RA antibody - most specific

A

Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide

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16
Q

Diffuse scleroderma antibody

A

anti-Scl70 (anti-topoisomerase)

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17
Q

PBC antibody

A

antimitochondrial antibody

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18
Q

Antiphospholipid antibody

A

anti-cardiolipin

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19
Q

Ovarian tumour: secretes oestrogen and inhibit

A

Granulosa cell tumour

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20
Q

Ovarian tumour: secreted thyroid hormone

A

Cystic teratoma (struma ovarii)

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21
Q

Ovarian tumour: secretes androgens

A

Sertoli-Leydig

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22
Q

“Call-Exner bodies”

A

Granulosa cell tumour

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23
Q

Ovarian fibroma + ascites + pleural effusion

A

Meig’s syndrome

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24
Q

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma seeds peritoneum

A

Pseudomyxoma peritonii

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25
Q

Skin + muscles autoimmune condition, with ovarian adenocarcinoma

A

dermatomyositis

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26
Q

Ovarian tumour secreting bHCG

A

Choriocarcinoma

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27
Q

Psamomma bodies

A

Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma

Prolactinoma, mesothelioma, meningioma, papillary thyroid, somatostatinoma

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28
Q

Hobnail appearance

A

Clear cell

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29
Q

Renal: heroin use

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

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30
Q

SLE + wire loop capillaries: renal

A

diffuse proliferative

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31
Q

Kimmelsteil-Wilson nodules

A

Diabetic nephropathy

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32
Q

Spike and dome appearance

A

Membranous nephropahthy

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33
Q

Linear immunofluorescence

A

Goodpasture’s (anti-GBM)

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34
Q

Lung cancer gene: good prognosis and response to chemo

A

EGFR

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35
Q

Lung cancer gene: poor prognosis, usually squamous/small-cell

A

K-RAS

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36
Q

Neurofibramatosis 1: 3 signs and symptoms

A

optic gliomas, lisch nodules, cafe au lait, neurofibromas, astrocytomas

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37
Q

Neurofibramatosis 2: ssx

A

Vestibular schwannomas, meningiomas, ependymomas, juvenile cataracts

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38
Q

Tuberous sclerosis

A

Haemartomas, angiofibromas, mitral regurg, ash-leaf, astrocytoma, cardiac rhabdomyoma, intellectual disability, renal angiomyolipoma, shagreen, seizures (infantile spasms)

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39
Q

Men1 triad

A

PA,PA,PI

Pancreatic + parathyroid hyperplasia + pituitary adenoma

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40
Q

Men2A triad

A

PA ME PH

Parathyroid adenoma
Medullary thyroid
Phaeochromocytoma

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41
Q

Men2B tetrad

A

MMMPh
Meduallary thyroid
Marfinoid habitus
Phaeochromocytoma

42
Q

Garnder syndrome bone tumour

A

Facial osteomas

43
Q

“benign sclerosing lesion characterised by central zone of scarring surrounded by radiating zone of proliferating glandular tissue”

A

radial scar

44
Q

“benign mobile lump, multinodular, composed of expanded intralobular stroma, compressed ‘slit-like’ ducts, branching sheets of epithelium”

A

fibroadenoma

45
Q

red breast, lactating, cracked skin

46
Q

Proliferation of fibroepithelium and stromal tissue - artichoke/leaf-like projections

A

Phyllodes tumour

47
Q

IgA deficiency associated transfusion reaction

A

anaphylaxis

48
Q

Cyclical fever: malaria: every 24 hours

A

Plasmodium knowlesi

49
Q

Cyclical fever: malaria, every 48 hours

A

hypnozoites: P ovale and P vivax

50
Q

Cyclical fever: malaria, every 72 hours

A

Plasmodium malariae

51
Q

Irregular cyclical fevers, malaria

A

Plasmodium falciparum

52
Q

Fever for 1-2 weeks, afebrile for 1-2 weeks

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma - Pel-Ebstein fever

53
Q

Acanthocytes (spur/spike cells)

A

liver disease
hyposplenism
abetalipoproteinaemia

54
Q

Basophilic RBC stippling

A

ACCELERATED ERYTHROPOIESIS
ead poisoning
megaloblastic anaemia
myelodysplasia
liver disease
haemoglobinopathies

55
Q

Burr cells

A

Artefact if blood sat in EDTA prior to film being made

  • uraemia
  • renal failure
  • GI bleeding
  • stomach carcinoma
56
Q

Pelger Huet cells

A

congenital (lamin B receptor mutation), myelodysplastic syndromes

57
Q

Right shift

A

Hypermature white cells -> hypersegmented polymorphs (>5)
Megaloblastic anaemia

58
Q

Rouleaux formation

A

chronic inflammation, paraproteniaemia, multiple myeloma

59
Q

Spherocytes

A

AIHA, hereditary spherocytosis

60
Q

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

A

post-cricoid webs (In context of IDA)

61
Q

New Mab for sickle cell anaemia

A

crizanlizumab

62
Q

Donath-Landsteiner antibodies

A

Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria - caused by viral infection (measles, syphilis, VZV)

63
Q

Ham’s test

A

in-vitro acid induced lysis

64
Q

Mab for paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria

A

Eculizumab

65
Q

Mab for HUS

A

eculizimab

66
Q

Diagnosis for vWD

A

Ristocetin co-factor

67
Q

Mab to reverse dabigratran

A

idracizumab

68
Q

Reversing rivaroxaban and apixaban

A

andexanet alfa

69
Q

“starry sky appearance”

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

70
Q

sheets of large lymphoid cells

A

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma

71
Q

Angular/clefted nuclei

A

Mantle cell lymphoma

72
Q

“follicular/nodular appearance” - lymphoma

A

follicular lymphoma

73
Q

MM staging

A

Durie-Salmon

74
Q

Lowenstein-Jensen medium

75
Q

Pneumonia: -ve rod enterobacter

A

Klebsiella pneumonia

76
Q

Chocolate agar

77
Q

covid antiviral

A

remdesivir, molnupiravir, paxlovid

78
Q

covid mabs

A

sotrovimab, tocilizumab

79
Q

ground glass/honeycomb appearance

A

interstitial lung disease

80
Q

oat cells

A

small cell carcinoma

81
Q

iron laden macrophages

A

chronic pulmonary oedema

82
Q

‘aphthous ulcer’ -> rosethorn ulcer -> serptentine

83
Q

ovarian tumour: mucin secreting cells

A

mucinous cystadenoma

84
Q

ovarian tumour: tubular glands

A

endometrioid

85
Q

breast lump: empty fat spaces, histiocytes, giant cells

A

acute mastitis

86
Q

“papillary mass within a dilated duct lined by epithelium”

A

intraductal papilloma

87
Q

“big pleiomorphic cells”

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

88
Q

breast: well formed tubules with low grade nulcei

A

tubular carcinoma

89
Q

x-ray “rat bite erosions”

90
Q

x-ray: “white lines of chondrocalcinosis”

A

pseudogout

91
Q

inflammatory reaction to yeast

A

malassezia furfur

92
Q

cytokeratin stain

A

epithelial cells

93
Q

Giemsa stain

A

cytoplasmic inclusions - Chlamydia psittaci

94
Q

Gomori’s methanamine silver stain

A

pneumocystic jiroveci

95
Q

Fite stain

A

Mycobacterium leprae (leprosy)

96
Q

β haemolytic anaerobe
Gm +ve
Watery diarrhoea, cramps, headaches, Fever, minimal vomiting
Tumbling motility

Bacteria and tx?

A

Listeria monocytogenes
Mx: ampicillin, ceftriaxone, cotrimoxazole

97
Q

Gm –ve Rod
Contaminated food, water or lakes ETEC: toxigenic, traveller’s
EHEC: Haemorrhagic
HUS: anaemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure

Tx?

A

ciprofloxacin

98
Q

β haemolytic Gm +ve cocci, grape-like clusters

99
Q

Oxidase positive, non-motile
Dog faeces
Watery, foul smelling, bloody stool Assoc. with GBS + Reiter’s

bacteria and tx?

A

campylobacter jejuni
tx: erythromycin or ciprofloxacin

100
Q

giardia lamblia & entamoeda histolytica tx?

A

metronidazole

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