Buzz words/phrases Flashcards
IQ of 50-70
mild intellectual disability
IQ of 35-50
moderate intellectual disability
IQ of 20-35
severe intellectual disability
IQ below 20
profound intellectual disability
impaired social interaction w/ normal communication skills
Asperger’s syndrome
stereotyped & repetitive motor mannerisms
hand flapping/twisting
autism
careless mistakes
fidgets
talks excessively
lurs out answer
ADHD
agression towards people & animals
destruction of property
serious violations of rules
< 18 yrs old
conduct disorder
blames others
loses temper
argues w/ adults
deliberately annoys people
oppositional defiant disorder
strong desire to be other gender
strong dislike of one’s sexual anatomy
gender dysphoria
S I G E C A P S
S- sleep -> insomnia or hypersomnia
S I G E C A P S
I- interests greatly diminished
S I G E C A P S
G- guilty/hopelessness
S I G E C A P S
E- energy greatly diminished
S I G E C A P S
C- concentration impaired
S I G E C A P S
A- appetite reduced
S I G E C A P S
P- psychomotor agitation/depression
S I G E C A P S
S- suicidal thoughts
in kids,
irritable/cranky mood
preoccupation w/ songs about death
loss of interest in tv, sports
talk of running away
depressive disorders
thoughts of wishing to be dead
suicidal ideation
deliberate action to kill oneself
suicide attempt
likelihood that an attempt will cause death
lethality
suicide attempt w/ low lethality
parasuicide
patient failing to speak in certain venues where there is an expectation of speaking
selective mutism
delusions about plausible events
delusional disorder
meets criteria for schizophrenia but symptoms last less than 1 month
brief psychotic disorder
meets criteria for schizophrenia but symptoms last from 1 month to less than 6 months
schizophreniform disorder
psychotic disorder with symptoms lasting greater than 6 months
positive & negative symptoms
schizophrenia
hallucinations & delusions are examples of what type of symptoms?
positive symptoms
flat emotional affect is an example of what type of symptom?
negative
schizophrenia + mood disorder
baseline of psychosis
schizoaffective disorder
may range from marked unresponsiveness to marked agitation
catatonia
loss of interest & depressed most most of the days x 2 weeks
(adults)
major depressive disorder
mild chronic form of major depression for at least 2 years
dysthymic disorder
includes chronic major depressive disorder & dysthymic disorder
persistent depressive disorder
only disorder we learned relating to the menstrual cycle
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
mania + occasional major depressive episodes
bipolar disorder type 1
abnormal & persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood w/ marked impairment of social/occupational function
mania
hypomania + major depressive episode
bipolar disorder type 2
period of elevated, expansive or irritably mood that does not cause marked impairment (no psychotic features)
hypomania
which bipolar disorder does not have manic episodes?
type 2
may have hypomania symptoms that do not meet full criteria for hypomania
may have symptoms of depression but no full episode
cyclothymia
disproportionate response than would normally be expected within 3 months of stressor
adjustment disorder
similar to PTSD but symptoms last less than 1 month
acute stress disorder
- exposed to a traumatic event
- response may involve helplessness, dissociative symptoms, avoidance of associated stimuli, emotional numbing, increased autonomic arousal
post-traumatic stress disorder
alpha-blocker used for PTSD nightmares
Prazosin
obsessions, compulsions, or both (75%)
obsessive-compulsive disorder
recurrent/persistent thoughts
(thoughts are NOT excessive worries about real life problems)
obsessions
repetitive behaviors the person is driven to perform
compulsions
preoccupation with perceived physical defect that is not observable to others
overly concerned with grooming to hide physical defect
hidden stashes of items they have collected, often by stealing or other means
hoarding disorder
recurrent pulling of one’s hair resulting in hair loss
trichotillomania
recurrent skin picking resulting in skin lesions
excoriation disorder
excessive & persistent anxiety about leaving cargivers
separation anxiety disorder
kid may worry about harm befalling parent
separation anxiety disorder
kid may feign illness to avoid leaving the home
separation anxiety disorder
animal phobia often originates in _______
childhood
blood-injury-injection phobias originate in _________
adolescence
systematic desensitization
flooding
specific phobia treatments
fear of speaking in public
“stage fright”
social anxiety disorder
(social phobia)
fear of embarrassment
social anxiety disorder
(social phobia)
fear of public places & situations that might cause panic, helplessness, or embarrassment
agoraphobia
excessive poorly conrolled anxiety about routine life circumstances that continues for more than 6 months
generalized anxiety disorder
episode of intense fear or discombort w/ palpitations, trembling, choking feeling, parasthesias, sweating, SOB, chest pain, chills or hot flashes, dizziness, fear of dying, nausea/abdominal distress
panic attack
recurrent, unexpected panic attacks of abrupt surges of intense fear & dicomfot that peaks in 1 minute & are not related to a trigger
panic disorder
pervasive, inflexible, maladaptive manner by which the world is viewed
originates in adolescence or earlier
alters how the patient views the world
personality disorder
ego-dystonic
conflict between person & world
ego-syntonic
no conflict between person & world
social detachment w/ unusual behaviors
weird symptoms, odd, eccentric
cluser A personality disorders
intense distrust & suspicion
suspects everyone has malicious motives
paranoid personality disorder
blunted/flat affect
emotionally cold
“hermit-like” behavior
schizoid personality disorder
inability to interact w/ others due to discomfort (not due to negative self-image)
similar to schizophreniz but no psychosis
“magical thinking”
schizotypal personality disorder
moody
dramatic
emotional
impulsive
cluster B personality disorders
pervasive pattern of disregard for & violation of rights of others
usually end of in jail
must be 18 yrs old to diagnose
antisocial personality disorder
instability in self-image & interpersonal relationships
self harm
mood swings
borderline personality disorder
emotionality & attention seeking behavior
center of attention
dramatic
histrionic personality disorder
prone to grandiose fantasies
need for admiration
lack empathy
feel a sense of entitlement
narcissistic personality disorder
anxious
fearful
whiny
dependent
cluster C personality disorders
wants friendships but avoids them due to discomforbt
“inferiority complex”
timid, shy, lacks confidence
avoidant personality disorder
excessively clingy
always needs to be reassured
pervasive need to be cared for
dependent personality disorder
inflexible & rigid strive for perfection
order & perfection paramount
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
mental disorders characterized by physical symptoms but without a physical cause
somatoform disorders
variety of complaints in one or more organ systems lasting for months to years
(physical sxs involving >1 part of the body but no physical cause)
somatic symptom disorder
preoccupation with & fear of having a serious medical conditon despite medical reassurance
hypochondriasis
illness anxiety disorder
sudden loss of sensory or motor function often following an acute stressor
conversion disorder
intentional/conscious production or feigning of medical symptoms
changing medical complaints
factitious disorder
chronic factitious disorder w/ predominatly physical signs & symptoms
hx of multiple hospital stays
willingness to receive invasive procedures
munchausen syndrome
when illness in a child or elderly patient is caused by the caregiver
munchausen syndrome by proxy
presence of 2 or more distinct identities or personality states
multiple personalities
dissociative identity disorder
(multiple personality)
inability to recall important personal info, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature, that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness
dissociative amnesia
several episodes of failure to resist aggressive impulses that result in serious assaultive acts or destruction of property
agressive episodes are grossly out of proportion
intermittent explosive disorder
failure to resist impulses to steal objects
kleptomania
deliberate & purposeful fire setting on more than one occasion
pyromania
serotonin ______ appetite
decreases
polypeptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)
and
cholecystokinin (CKK)
satiety peptides
ghrelin
hunger hormone
persistent restriction of energy intake leading to significantly low body weight
anorexia nervosa
binge eating & purging
continued weight loss
binge/purge type anorexia nervosa
limit intake to as little as 300-600 cal/day
restricting type anorexia nervosa
binge eating w/ compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain
typically normal weight
bulimia nervosa
feel a lack of control while eating
bulimia nervosa
Russel’s sign
tooth erosion
bulimia nervosa
up to 30-40% of obese people meet the criteria for this disorder
binge-eating disorder
no compensatory behaviors so they gain weight
binge-eating disorder
recurrent episodes of an irrepressible need to sleep, lasping into sleep, or napping occuring within the same day
narcolepsy
difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep or non-restorative sleep for at least 1 month
insomnia
deviations from what are conventionally considered normal human sexual interests & behaviors
paraphillias
displays genitals to unsuspecting victim hoping to shock or excite them
exhibitionistic disorder
sexual urges or behavior involving the use of nonliving objects
masturbates while holding, smelling, or rubbing the object
fetishistic disorder
sexual arousal by children
pedophillic disorder
fantasies invovling the act of observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, in the process of disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity
“peeping tom”
voyeuristic disorder
sexual urges/behaviors involving the act of being humiliated, beaten, bound, or made to suffer
sexual masochism disorder
sexual urges/behavior invovling the act in which psychological or physical suffering of the victim is sexually exciting to the person
sexual sadism disorder
sexual urges/behaviors involving cross dressing
*consider w/ gender dysphoria
transvestic disorder
sexual urges/behavior involving touching & rubbing against a non-consenting person
*frequently associate w/ Asperger syndrome
frotteuristic disorder
involuntary hospitalization
justified if serious illness, risk to self or others & hospitalization is least restrictive option
civil commitment of involuntary patients
requires mental competency
(need guardianship)
informed consent
requires healthcare providers to disclose to a patient’s intent to do harm by warning victim
(Tarasoff law)
duty to warn
broad concept that prohibits professionals from revealing information about a client to anyone (some exceptions)
confidentiality
narrower concept that describes specific types of informaiton may not be disclosed in a legal setting
privilege
a need for markedly increased amounts to achieve desired effect
tolerance
withdrawal symptoms in the absence of the drug
physical dependence
a neurobiologic disease w/ genetic & psychosocial contributions leading to compulsive use & cravings despite harmful consequences
addiction
what is the biggest factor associate with relapse?
low motivation for recovery
is alcohol withdrawal a clinical diagnosis?
yes
alcohol withdrawal:
when will we start to see tremors, seizures, hallucinations?
12-48 hours
alcohol withdrawal:
when will we starte to see delirium tremens?
48-96 hours
what is the most widely used illicit psychoactive substance in the US?
cannabis
what is really, really prevalent in opioid users?
Hep C
in a suicidal patient follow-up, what should we do if we don’t see a response within the initial 6-8 weeks?
consider referral
how can violence in the healthcare setting be prevented?
ongoing staff education
adequate personnel
well-designed physical structure
client-centered therapy
concerned w/ human development
humanistic psychotherapy
depth or psychodynamic psychotherapy
insight-oriented therapy
learn through associated
stimulus elicits behavior
Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning
behavior is maintained via consequences
Skinner & Thorndike
behavior is observed & learned
Bandura’s social learning
changing maladaptive thinking leads to positive affect & behavior
cognitive therapy
most commonly used “talk therapy” in the US
dependent on therapist/patient relationship
frequently has “homework” for the patient
cognitive behavioral therapy
reality testing w/ Buddhist concepts of distress tolerance & acceptance & mindful awareness
decreases rates of suicide gestures, hospitalizations, & treatment dropout rates
dialectal behavior therapy
encourages patients to be present w/ what life brings us
acceptance & mindfullness strategies
acceptance & commitment therapy
engages client’s intrinsic motivation
therapy of “nons” (non-judgemental, non-confrontational)
motivational interviewing
