Business: Unit 2-People in Business Flashcards
reasons people work
money- apy for needs and some wants
security- financial safety
affiliation-feel part of a group
self-importance- feel that your job is important
job satisfaction-feel pleasure when you’ve done a good job
motivation
feeling that makes employees want to work hard and effectively in a business
Maslow’s Motivational Theory
- physiological needs- food rest and shelter
- safety needs-protection against poverty
- social needs- friendship and belonging
- esteem-needs-high status
- self-actualisation- achieving full potential
Taylor’s Motivational Theory
- > all individuals are motivate by personal gain
- >calculate how much output one produces a day- pay them more if they reach target output
Herzberg’s Motivational Theory
HYGIENE(basic animal neeeds) -status -security -work conditions -relationships -salary MOTIVATOR(to be able to grow physiologically) -achievement -recognition -personal growth -promotion -work itself
Financial Rewards(4)
Wages-payment per work weekly Time Rates-payment per hour Piece Rates-payment per quantity of products made Salaries-payment for work monthly Bonus
Non-Financial Rewards
Job rotation Job enrichment Job enlargement Job satisfaction Fringe Benefits
Job enlargement vs Job enrichment
enlargement=more tasks
enrichment= increase in difficulty of tasks
organisational structure(definition and advantages 2)
-levels of management & division of responsabilities within a company
+employees can see their position and who has authority on them
+sense of belonging, motivating
advantages of wide organisational structure
- faster&accurate communication
- managers are more in touch wth subordinates
- employees feel trusted & take more decisions
chain of command
structure that allows instructions to be passed down from 2 person to the other
subordinate
someone who is lower in rank, under a managers authority
span of control
number of subordinates directly under a manager
authority
recognised power to make decisions and delegate
delegation
process of giving authority to a subordinate to perform a task
role of management(6)
planning organising co-ordinating commanding controlling delegating
leadership styles(definition)
different approaches peple have to deal with their authority
autocratic leadership
Manager expects to be in charge of the business and expects to have their orders followed
+quick decision making
-no employee input
democratic leadership
Manager allows subordinate to be involved in the decision-making process
+better decisions could result
-unpopular decisions can’t be made
laissez-faire leadership
Manager makes broad objective for the employees and leaves them to make their own decisions
+employees show creativity and responsability
-doesn’t work in some organisations
trade unions(definition, 3 advantages, 2 disadvantages)
Group of workers joined together to protect their interests ADVANTAGES \+improved conditions of employment \+improved work environment \+advice available
DISADVANTAGES
- costs to be a member
- you’re requiered to take action even if you don’t agree
recruitment
process of identifying that a business needs someone to the point at which the vacancy is filled
recruitment process(8 steps)
- vacancy arises
- job analysis
- job description
- job specification
- job advertised in the media
- application forms
- interviews and selections
- vacancy is filled
Internal Recruitment(def,3adv,2dis)
Job is filled by existing employee
+saves money
+person already has knowledge baout business
+motivates other workers
- doesn’t bring in new ideas
- may create jealousy
external recruitment
job is filled by someone who isn’t an existing employee
part-time employment(4 adv, 3 disadv)
+flexible work hours
+business can ask employee to work at busy times
+lower pay
+reduces business cost
- less likely to be trained
- takes longer to recruit
- might be less committed to the business
induction training (definition, 3 advantages, 3 disadvantages)
carried when an employee is new
+hels new employee settle in new job
+might be a legal requirement
+wrker is less likely to make mistakes
- time consuming
- worker is paid while not doing work
- delays the start of work
on-the-job training
3 advantages, 3 disavantages
person is trained by watching a more experienced
co-worker
+worker doesn’t have to be sent away
+costs less
+training tailored to specific need
- trainer might pass on bad habits
- trainer isn’t as productive
- training isn’t recognised outside business
off-the-job training
3 advantages, 3 disadvantages
worker is trained away from work by specialised trainers
+many skills are taught
+makes employees more versatile
+learn from expert trainers
- costs are high
- wages paid but no work done
- qualifications makes it easier for workers to leave
workforce planning
when a business decides on the type/ number of employees neede in the future
dismissal
a worker is told to leave the job due to their work or behaviour being unsatisfactory
redundancy
number of employees are no longer needed, but given money to compensate
Legal controls(4)
discrimination- when employers discriminate against age, race, gender, religion, disability
unfair dismissal-worker is dismissed unfairly(can go to industrial tribunal)
health&safety-laws to protect employees from dangerous machinery
wage protection-contract of employment needs to include hours of work, frequency of wages and others
communication
occurs when a message is trasferred from one person to another that understands the context of a message
internal communication
-between members of the same organisation
external communication
-communications between other businesses
effective communication
sender, medium of communication, receiver, feedback
one-way communication vs two-way communciation
one way= receiver can’t respond to messages
two way= receiver can respond to messages
verbal communication(eg, 3+, 3-)
face-to-face,telephone,video conferencing
+quick
+immediate feedback
+reinforced by seeing the speaker
- not everybody mmight be paying attention
- sometimes can take longer to receive feedback
- sometimes written records are needed
written communication( eg,4+,3-)
e-mails, letters
+evidence of message
+essential for certain meetings
+can be copied
+electronic communication is cheap and easy
- direct feedback isn’t alway possible
- no body language
- not easy to check if message was received
visual communication(e.g, 2+, 2-)
films, ppt,charts
+appealing&attractive info
+clears up written message through diagrams
- no feedback
- difficult to interpret
