Business Formulas Flashcards

1
Q

PED

A

% change in Quantity Demanded/% Change in Price

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2
Q

YED

A

% change in Quantity Demanded/% Change in Income

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3
Q

Market Share (%)

A

Business Sales/Market Sales x100

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4
Q

Market size

A

Total value of business sales
(From a %) = Known value/100

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5
Q

Market Growth (%)

A

Difference/Original X100

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6
Q

Total Costs (£)

A

Fixed Costs + Total Variable Costs

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7
Q

Total Variable Costs

A

Variable Cost Per Unit x Number of Units

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8
Q

Revenue (£)

A

Selling Price x Quantity Sold

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9
Q

Profit (£)

A

Revenue - Total Costs

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10
Q

Break Even (Units)

A

Fixed Costs/Contribution

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11
Q

Contribution (per unit)

A

Selling Price per unit - Variable Cost per unit

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12
Q

Total Contribution

A

Total Revenue - Total Variable Costs

OR

Contribution per unit x Number of Units

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13
Q

Margin of Safety

A

Actual Level of Output - Break Even Point

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14
Q

Net Cash Flow (£)

A

Inflows - Outflows

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15
Q

Budget Variance (£)

A

Budgeted - Actual

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16
Q

Gross Profit (£)

A

Sales Revenue - Cost of Sales

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17
Q

Net Profit (£)

A

Sales Revenue - Cost of Sales - Expenses

OR

Gross Profit - Expenses

18
Q

Gross Profit Margin

A

Gross Profit/Revenue
X100

19
Q

Net Profit Margin

A

Net Profit/Revenue
X100

20
Q

Labour turnover (%)

A

Number of Leavers/Average Number of Employees
X100

21
Q

Labour productivity

A

Output per time period/number of employees

22
Q

Added Value (£)

A

Value of Output - Value (Costs) of Inputs
[Selling price - cost of raw materials]

23
Q

Capacity Utilisation

A

Actual Output/Maximum Possible Output
X100

24
Q

Lead Time (Time)

A

Time Difference between re-order quantity and stock increase

25
Q

Re-Order quantity

A

Increase in stock level when delivery received

26
Q

Moving Average

A

Previous Month + Current Month + Next Month/3

27
Q

Working Capital

A

Current Assets - Current Liabilities

28
Q

Capital Employed

A

Shareholder funds + Non current liabilities

29
Q

Depreciation

A

Historical Cost - Redsidual Value (resale value)/ Useful life of asset (life span)

30
Q

ROCE

A

Net Profit before Tax/Shareholder funds + non current liabilities

31
Q

Current Ratio

A

Current Assets/Current Liabilities

32
Q

Acid Test

A

Current Assets - Stock/Current Liabilities

33
Q

Gearing

A

long-term liabilities/capital employed
X100

34
Q

Decision Tree:
Expected Value

A

(Each Probability X Each Outcome) Added together

35
Q

Decision Tree:
Net Gain

A

Expected Value – Initial Cost

36
Q

CPA: EST

A

Previous EST + Previous Activity Duration
(Work from left to right)
(Choose biggest outcome if more than one route)

37
Q

CPA: LFT

A

Previous LFT – Following Activity Duration
(Work from right to left)
(Choose smallest outcome if more than one route)

38
Q

CPA: FLOAT

A

LFT – Duration -EST

39
Q

Payback

A

(Number of Full years) &
Amount needed in final year/Amount getting in final year

X (12Months)

40
Q

Average Rate of
Return

A

Average Annual Profit/COST OF INVESTMENT
x100

41
Q

Net Present
Value

A
  1. Multiply each year’s income by its discount rate
  2. Add them together
  3. Deduct initial cost
42
Q

Contribution
(Special Orders)

A

Selling Price Per Unit – Variable Cost Per Unit = Contribution Per
Unit
Contribution Per Unit x Units Sold = Total Contribution