Business Flashcards
- Name, define and provide an example for each level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
1- Physiological needs- physical: food, water, breathing
2- Safety needs- protection, stability and well-being.
3- Love and belonging: friendship, family, social group.
4- Esteem needs: self-confidence and independence, respect…
5- Self-actualization: desire to accomplish everything that one can, to become the most one can be.
- Name, define and provide an example for all the components of the expectancy theory.
- effort: Effort-) good performance
- expectancy -) organizational reward
- valence: reward-) satisfies personal goals.
- Name, define and provide an example of the three psychological needs deemed to be particularly important within OB.
1) Affects: collection feelings experiences - emotions and or moods
2) emotions: intense feelings directed at someone/something- externally caused. bried, action-oriented, accompanied by facial expression (conscious and unconscious)- so tied to our comm habits that sometimes it becomes very hard for us to mask.
3) Mood: Less intense, longer-lasting, more general- bad or good mood- emotional state often unknown or more general cause
- sometimes caused by emotion ex: angered that someone cuts u off becomes bad mood for rest of day
- Name, define and provide an example for the three components of Self Determination Theory (SDT) that lead to intrinsic motivation.
1) Sense of choice:
-choose what want to do and how to accomplish
- leading for choice: empowerment and delegation
2) sense of competence:
- Feeling accomplishment after succeeding in a task.
3) Sense meaningfulness:
- opportunity to engage in worthwhile task- feeling good about what doing and that it matters.
- Name, define and provide example for each of the three types of organizational justice.
1) Distributive justice: Pay- mostly related to organizational commitment satisfaction.
2) Procedural justice:
occasion to present pt of view about desired outcomes.
processing rewards: clear reasons for outcomes- most related to job satisfaction, trust, leaving, job performance, and OCB
3) Interactional justice:- perception of treatment (dignity, concern, respect)- interactional justice- injustice leads to deviant behaviors such as talking back. ex: lack of fair treatment- deviant behavior (typically verbal) directed towards agent.
- Name, define and provide an example for the core job dimensions.
1) skill variety: how varied skills used
2) task identity: complete identifiable work
3) task significance: impact on lives/work of others
4) autonomy: freedom, independence, discretion in work
5) feedback: direct clear info abt performance effectiveness.
- components of the communication (non verb comm)
1) Nonverbal comm: nonspoken physical and behavioral cues- may be intentional and non-intentional- ex: yawns, folded arms.
- multiple channels ex: tone, movement.
- More meaningful
mixed messages- mismatch verbal and non verbal- culturally dependant.
- components of the communication- kinesics
- visible body movements
- facial expressions
- mirroring
- shapes matter: angled eyebrows,
- visible body movement
- eye contact- multipurpose: emotions,convo signals, interest, hostility.
Gestures: Emblems specified verbal meaning
Illustrators: enhances words: size or shape
regulators: controls conversations- raising hand to speak, nodding head
adaptors: unconscious to manage emotions ex: twirling hair- depends on context.
overall posture: confidence and engagement
- components of the communication- vocalics
- loudness
- pitch
- speech rate
- tone
- components of the communication Haptics
touch
- functional- professional: task accomplishment
- social polite- social norms
- friendship warmth- expressing affection
- love-intimacy: romantic partner
- sexual arousal- physical stimulation
- components of the communication- proxemics:
- territoriality
- claim and defend physical space
- negative reactions to violation of personal space- territory
- depends on culture
- Define the concept of channel richness, describe the type of messages best conveyed by face-to-face communications, email, and a company bulletin board in organizations. Give specific examples/instances where each type of channel would be most suitable
- Name and define the 5 conflict resolution strategies. Also indicate their level (low, mid, high) on assertiveness and cooperation.
1) problem-solving: face to face meetings to identify issues and openly discuss them
2) avoidance: withdraw or suppress conflict.
3) overarching goals
- create shared goals that requires cooperation
4) smoothing- play down differences while emphasizing common interests
5) compromising: give up something for others
- Name and define the 5 steps of negotiation.
1) develop strat:
- conflict?
- what are goals?
2) defining ground rules
- lay out ground rules and procedure
- who will negotiate, initial proposals and demands
3) clarification/justification
- explain, clarify, justify, expand on demands
- opportunity to educate and inform the other on issues
4) Bargaining and problem solving
- utilize objective criteria to evaluate offers
- compliance techniques- foot in the floor affect- little by little, door in the face- too large, low ball techn ique- details emerge
