Bus 1010 Chapter 8

Question 1

Employee Behavior

Answer 1

The pattern of actions by the members of an organization that directly or indirectly influences the organizations effectiveness.

Question 2

Performance Behavior

Answer 2

The total set of work-related behaviors that the organization expects employees to display.

Question 3

Organizational Citizenship

Answer 3

Positive behaviors that do not directly contribute to the bottom line.

Question 4

Counterproductive Behaviors

Answer 4

Behaviors that detract from organizational performance.

Question 5

Absenteeism

Answer 5

When an employee does not show up for work.

Question 6

Turnover

Answer 6

Annual percentage of an organization’s workforce that leaves and must be replaced.

Question 7

Individual differences

Answer 7

personal attributes that vary from one person to another.

Question 8

Personality

Answer 8

The relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguish one person from another.

Question 9

Big Five personality traits

Answer 9

Five fundamental personality traits especially relevant to organizations.
Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotionality, Extra/Intraversion, openness.

Question 10

Emotional Intelligence (Emotional Quotient)

Answer 10

The extent to which people are self-aware, can manage their emotions, can motivate themselves, express empathy for others, and posses social skills.

Question 11

Attitudes

Answer 11

A person’s beliefs and feelings about specific ideas, situations, or people.

Question 12

Job satisfaction

Answer 12

Degree of enjoyment that people derive from performing their jobs.

Question 13

Organizational Commitment

Answer 13

An individual’s identification with the organization and its mission.

Question 14

Psychological Contract

Answer 14

Set of expectations held by an employee concerning what he or she will contribute to an organization (referred to as contributions) and what the organization will in return provide the employee (referred to as inducements).

Question 15

Person-Job fit

Answer 15

The extent to which a person’s contributions and the organization’s inducements match one another.

Question 16

Motivation

Answer 16

The set of forces that cause people to behave in certain ways.

Question 17

Classical Theory of Motivation

Answer 17

Theory holding that workers are motivated solely by money.

Question 18

Hawthorne Effect

Answer 18

Tendency for productivity to increase when workers believe they are receiving special attention from management.

Question 19

Theory X

Answer 19

Theory of motivation holding that people are naturally lazy and uncooperative.

Question 20

Theory Y

Answer 20

Theory of motivation holding that people are naturally energetic, growth-oriented, self-motivated, and interested in being productive.

Question 21

Hierarchy of Human Needs Model

Answer 21

Theory of motivation describing five levels of human needs and arguing that basic needs must be fulfilled before people work to satisfy higher-level needs.

Question 22

Two-factor Theory

Answer 22

theory of motivation holding that job satisfaction depends on two factors, hygiene and motivation.

Question 23

Expectancy theory

Answer 23

Theory of motivation holding that people are motivated to work toward rewards that they want and that they believe they have a reasonable chance of obtaining.

Question 24

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 24

Reward that follows desired behaviors.

Question 25

Punishment

Answer 25

Unpleasant consequences of an undesirable behavior.

Question 26

Management by Objectives (MBO)

Answer 26

Set of procedures involving both managers and subordinates in setting goals and evaluating progress.

Question 27

Participative Management and empowerment

Answer 27

Method of increasing job satisfaction by giving employees a voice in the management of their jobs and the company.

Question 28

Job Enrichment

Answer 28

Method of increasing job satisfaction by adding one or more motivating factors to job activities.

Question 29

Job Redesign

Answer 29

Method of increasing job satisfaction by designing a more satisfactory fit between workers and their jobs.

Question 30

Work Sharing (Job Sharing)

Answer 30

Method of increasing job satisfaction by allowing two or more people to share a single full-time job.

Question 31

Flextime Programs

Answer 31

Method of increasing job satisfaction by allowing workers to adjust work schedules on a daily or weekly basis.

Question 32

Telecommuting

Answer 32

Form of flextime that allows people to perform some or all of a job away from standard office settings.