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1Fall24 PoA II > Burns pt1 Exam 1 > Flashcards

Burns pt1 Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

List the types of burns (5)

A
  • Heat
  • Electrical
  • Friction
  • Chemical
  • Radiation
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2
Q

Depth of thermal injury related to? (3)

A
  • Contact temperature
  • Duration of contact
  • Thickness of skin
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3
Q

Heat burns usually involve which layers of tissue?

A

epidermis and dermis

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4
Q

Name the 4 most common examples of heat burn

A
  • Flame
  • Hot liquid
  • Hot solid
  • Steam
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5
Q

Electrical energy transformed to heat when current passes through body tissue is classified as what type of burn?

A

Electrical Burn

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6
Q

Electrical Burns disrupts?

A

Cell membrane potential

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7
Q

The magnitude of electrical burn damage depends on? (3)

A
  • Pathway of current
  • Resistance to current flow
  • Strength and duration of current flow
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8
Q

What is the major difference between electrical and thermal burns

A

Electrical burns often involve cardiac injury

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9
Q

What are friction burns?

A

Combo of mechanical disruption and heat generated by friction

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10
Q

What are the caustic reactions of chemical burns? (3)

A
  • PH alteration
  • Disruption of cell membranes
  • Direct toxic effect on metabolic process
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11
Q

The magnitude of chemical burns are related to?

A
  • Duration of exposure
  • Nature of agent
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12
Q

Acid causes tissue necrosis via ______.
Alkali causes tissue necrosis via ______

A
  • Coagulation
  • Liquefaction
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13
Q

Radiation burns cause what type of damage?

A

Ionization

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14
Q

Radiation magntiude depends on?

A
  • Dose and time of exposure
  • Types of particles
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15
Q

Most common examples of radiation burns? (4)

A
  • Sunburns
  • Therapeutic radiation
  • Diagnostic procedures
  • Nuclear industry workers
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16
Q

Burns take about ____ hours to fully declare themselves

A

24-48

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17
Q

What age group have deeper burns from less exposure and less intensity due to the thin skin?

A
  • Adults >55
  • Kids <5
18
Q

Describes what degree of burn:

  • Involving only the epidermis
  • red in color
  • dry, no blisters
  • hypersensitive
A

1st degree superficial burn

19
Q

Superficial 1st Degree Burns heal in approximately how many days?

A

3-6 days

20
Q

What are the characteristics of a Superficial Partial Thickness (2nd Degree) Burn?

A
  • Involves the epidermis and part of dermis
  • Mottled red color
  • Blisters or weeping
  • Very painful / nerve endings exposed
  • Small burns usually heal in 10 – 14 days
  • Minimal scarring
21
Q

What burn category is not counted in the TBSA (Total Burn Surface Area) ?

A

1st degree (superficial) burns

22
Q

What are the characteristics of a Deep Partial Thickness (2nd Degree) Burn?

A
  • Extends more deeply into the dermis
  • Decreased moisture
  • Destroyed sweat glands + Impaired tissue integrity
  • Difficulty regulating body temperature
  • Pale in color – Usually a white/pinkish color
  • Absent or prolong blanching – No cap refill, stays blanched for quite a while
  • Healing in 21-28 days
23
Q

At what point is skin grafting typically required?

A

Deep partial thickness burns

24
Q

What are the characteristics of a Full Thickness (3rd Degree) Burn?

A
  • Dermis and epidermis are destroyed
  • Translucent, dry, painless, charred
  • Non-blanching
  • Requires grafting or amputation

Differences in deep partial and full thickness is subtle and often hard to tell the exact transition areas in early hours.

25
Q

Compare and Contrast the various degrees of burn injuries.

A
26
Q

What is the most painful burn?

A

Superficial Partial Thickness (2nd Degree Burn)

27
Q

What is the Rule of nines in adults?

A
  • Head 9% (full head)
  • Each arm 9% (4.5% front/back)
  • Each leg 18% (9% front/back)
  • Ant/Post trunk each 18% (9% upper/lower)
  • Perineum 1%
28
Q

The rule of nines is approximately ________ accurate. Why?

A

60-70%
D/t varying depths

29
Q

What is the pediatric version of the rule of nines?

A
  • Head 21%
  • Arms 10%
  • Back 13%
  • Chest 13%
  • Legs 13.5%
  • Butt 5%
  • Perineum 1%
30
Q

What is the Palmer method?

A

TBSA used for patient’s palm with fingers together = 1%

31
Q

Larger burn surface areas are often overestimated. T/F?

A

False. They are underestimated

32
Q

Women with large breasts have a _____

A

larger surface area than what was accounted for and may be disproportionate

33
Q

Fluid losses secondary to burns are a function of ____ and ____.

A
  • Burn size
  • Patient weight
34
Q

Patients with ____ TBSA will develop burn shock and need IV resuscitation in an ICU.

A

> 20%

35
Q

An under fluid resuscitated patient is at risk for what?

A

↓ perfusion, burn shock, end organ failure

36
Q

An overly fluid resuscitated patient is at risk for what?

A
  • Abdominal compartment syndrome
  • Pulmonary edema/ARDS
37
Q

List the 5 effects of auto-cannibalism.

A
  • Loss of fat (Lipolysis)
  • Loss of lean body mass (proteolysis)
  • Gluconeogenesis
  • Hypermetabolism
  • Insulin resistance

.

38
Q

The Intensity and duration of auto-cannibalism depends on which two factors?

A
  • Magnitude of injury
  • Degree of pain (leads to tachycardia and HTN, thus ↑ metabolism)
39
Q

What happens to the metabolic rate in a >40% BSA burn?

A

Metabolic rate doubles.

40
Q

The effects of auto-cannibalism may last how long?

A

Months

Immunodepression, recurrent infections, poor wound healing will also be seen

1Fall24 PoA II (28 decks)

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