Burns, Normal Lab Values

Question 1

Hematocrit- the percentage of red blood cells in blood and thus the viscosity of the blood
Normal values for men and women:

Answer 1

Men: 42-45%
Women: 37-47%

Question 2

Hemoglobin levels have a bearing on the amount of oxygen transported around the body.
Normal values for men and women:

Answer 2

Men: 14-17.4 g/dL
Women: 12-16 g/dL

Question 3

Prothrombin measures the time it takes for the blood to clot.
Normal time:

Answer 3

11-13 sec

Question 4

International normalized ratio (INR) uses prothrombin results.
Normal range:
Therapeutic range (PE, A-Fib):

Answer 4

Normal: 0.8-1.2
Therapeutic: 2.0-3.0
*therapeutic range for artificial heart valves: 2.5-3.5

Question 5

Platelets

Normal range:

Answer 5

140-400 k/uL

140,000-400,00

Question 6

Glucose

Normal range:

Answer 6

70-100 mg/dL

90-130 mg/dL (fasting)

Question 7

Immediate response after burns is ____. (Fluid and protein loss)
Systemically there will be increased blood viscosity, why?

Answer 7

Shock

Bc you’re losing fluid, you will have a higher percentage of the blood that is blood/cellular components rather than fluid

Question 8

2 major classifications of burns:

Answer 8

Depth

Extent

Question 9

The degree to which a burn crosses tissue damage is dependent on the following six factors:

Answer 9

• Duration of destructive mechanism
• Intensity of the heat or caustic source
• Skin thickness
• Area being exposed
• Vascularity
• Age of patient

Question 10

_______ burn: damage only to epidermis

Answer 10

Superficial

1st degree

Question 11

________ partial-thickness burn: Epidermis is completely destroyed but dermal layer only sustains mild or moderate damage

Answer 11

Superficial partial-thickness
Ex. Hot liquids, solids, chemicals
(2nd degree)

Question 12

______ partial-thickness: Damage of the dermis down into the reticular layer. Most of the nerve endings, hair follicles, and sweat glands will be injured because most of dermis is destroyed

Answer 12

Deep partial-thickness
*May get keloid or hypertrophic scars
(No corresponding degree)

Question 13

[Type of burn]
Epidermis, dermis all destroyed, and some of subcutaneous fat layer
Appearance- Eschar covers, white to mahogany, charred

Answer 13

Full thickness
(3rd degree burn)
*scarring, typically requires grafts

Question 14

[type of burn]

Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous fat and some of muscle/bone possible

Answer 14

Subdermal

Ex. Electrical; color=yellow/ischemic

Question 15

The rule of nines is used to establish the TBSA involved, what does TBSA stand for?
How does this classification work?

Answer 15

Total body surface burned

Divides the body into surface areas that are equal to 9% or equal multiples of 9%
Head, arm, trunk, leg, perineum

Question 16

Physical Rehabilitation for burn patients:

• Prevention of scar ______
• Preservation of normal _____
• Prevention or minimization of hypertrophic scar and cosmetic deformity
• Maintenance or improvement of muscular _____ and cardiovascular _____.
• Return to function
• Performance of ADL’s

Answer 16

Prevention of scar contracture
Preservation of normal range of motion
Maintenance or improvement of muscular strength and cardiovascular endurance

Question 17

Goals of positioning for burn patients:

• Minimize _____
• Maintain soft tissue in an _______ state
• Burn area should be positioned in an ______ state or neutral position of function

Answer 17

Edema
Elongated
Elongated

Question 18

Active ROM and Exercise should begin and be encouraged on day ____ to all extremities and trunk

Answer 18

Day one