Burns Flashcards
1st degree burns involve the ______
epidermis
2nd degree burns involve top layer and part of second layer (______)
dermis
___ degree burns will be blistered, red and swollen
2nd
______ patches may be evident in 2nd degree burns
white
3rd degree burns = ____ thickness burns
full
____ degree burns will look white or charred and the dead skin forms an _____
3rd; eschar
3rd degree burn sites may be painless (T/F)
TRUE
Burn severity and classification is determined by _____ and _____ ____ involved
depth; SA
Most common chart used in burn units for assessment of burn SA?
Lund and Browder
What comprises total body surface area in burn wound determination?
2nd degree + indeterminate + 3rd degree
Flame injuries may be associated with ______ injury and tend to be deep ______ or full thickness
inhalation; dermal
For ____ injuries, object must be extremely hot or contact abnormally long
contact
Contact injuries tend to be _____ dermal or ____ _____
deep; full thickness
_____ injuries = most common cause of burn injury in children
scald
Scald injuries can range from _______ to _____, often mixed
superficial; deep
High volt electrical burn = >_____ V
1000
Low volt electrical burn = < ____ V
1000
Things that are unique for electrical burns?
always have and exit wound; may have injury from current arc
Hypothermia injury causes a decrease in what 4 things ?
- HR
- CO
- RR
- BP
______ = localized body part freezing, compromised circulation
frostbite
2 most common burn injury mechanisms for adults?
- fire / flame
2. scald
3 risk factor that increase mortality rate from burn?
- increased age
- increased burn size
- presence of inhalation injury
3 zones in a burn?
- zone of coagulation
- zone of stasis
- zone of hyperaemia
Zone of _____ = point of max damage; irreversible tissue loss due to coagulate of constituent proteins
coagulation
Zone of _____ = characterized by decreased tissue perfusion, potentially salvageable with good resuscitation
stasis
Zone of _____ = outermost zone, will recover unless there is severe sepsis of prolonged hypo perfusion
hyperaemia
There is an ____ in capillary permeability which leads to loss of ____ and _____ into interstitial compartments
increase; proteins; fluids
Increase in capillary permeability leads to edema and hypovolemia, which leads to _____ ______
peripheral vasoconstriction
Inadequate CO post burn leads to inadequate ______/______ perfusion
tissue/organ
Renal effects of burn = loss of fluids from _____ _____ cases renal vasoconstriction, decreased renal blood flow and _____
intravascular spaces; GFR
Basal metabolic rate increases up to ___x original rate due to burns
3
There is a ______ immune response due to burns
reduces
Resp effects of burns = inflammatory mediators cause ______
bronchoconstriction
Resp effects of burns : ______ ______ = decreased O2 carrying capacity
carbon monoxide
5 signs of inhalation injury ?
- singed eyebrows or nasal hairs
- black nasal or oral discharge
- grossly swollen lips
- facial burns
- hoarse voice
Inhalation injury: __-__ hrs = upper airway obstruction, pulmonary edema
0-24
Inhalation injury: __-__hrs = pulmonary edema
24-48
Inhalation injury: __ hrs = bronchiolitis, alveoli’s, pneumonia and ARDS
48
With 1mm edema, airway resistance increased __x in in infants and xSA decreases by __%
16;75
With 1mm edema, airway resistance increases by __x in adults and x sectional area decreases by __%
3;44