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362 Final Exam > Burns > Flashcards

Burns Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most devastating type of injury?

A

Burns

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2
Q

What burned in a 1st degree (superficial) burn?

A

The epidermis only

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3
Q

What is burned in a 2nd degree (partial thickness) burn?

A

The epidermis and the dermis

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4
Q

What is burned in a full thickness (third degree) burn?

A

The epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous fat, and possibly the muscle.

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5
Q

Which type of burn (Which degree) takes the longest to heal?

A

Full thickness (3rd degree) because it is the most serious type.

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6
Q

Where is the zOnE oF cOaGuLaTiON???

A

The area of a burn that is irreversibly damaged (necrosis)

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7
Q

What is blood flow like in the zone of stasis?

A

It is impaired

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8
Q

Is tissue salvagable in the “zone of COAGULATION” or the “zone of STASIS”?

A

Zone of stasis. Goal here is to increase tissue perfusion.

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9
Q

What happens to tissue in the Zone of Hyperaemia?

A

It is minimmaly damagd and usually heals rapidly.

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10
Q

A steam burn is classified as a chemical burn or a thermal burn?

A

Thermal

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11
Q

Contact with a superheated gas classified as a chemical burn or a thermal burn?

A

Thermal

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12
Q

Does it matter how long the length of exposure to the burning object was?

A

Yes. Length of exposure time to hot object is crucial.

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13
Q

With an electrical burn, what two things increase the severity of the injury?

A

Amount of voltage, and degree of contact.

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14
Q

What happens to the heart with a severe electrical current burn?

A

V-fib and then you die

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15
Q

With a chemical burn,what two things increase the severity of the injury?

A

Strength of the chemical, and length of time the person is exposed.

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16
Q

If an entire body is exposed to a radioactive burn, what is the prognosis for Healing?

A

Poor

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17
Q

How is size of a burn measured? 2 ways. Which is more accurate?

A

Rule of nines measures percentage of burn.

Lund Browder chart is a more accurate way.

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18
Q

What is the purpose of measuring the surface area of a burn?

A

It gives healers an estimation of how much fluid needs to be replaced.

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19
Q

Burn shock from burn injuries occurs after _____% of the total body surface area has been burned.

A

35% Total body surface area.

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20
Q

Inadequate Cellular Perfusion is called what?

A

Burn Shock.

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21
Q

When hypovolemic shock from a burn has been corrected, but cells are still inadequately perfused, what is this called?

A

BURN SHOCK

22
Q

What makes blisters and edema form after a burn (on a cellular level)?

A

The burning agent causes the capillaries and small vessels to dilate. This increases capillary permeability. The plasma seeps out into surrounding tissues. Causes blisters and massive edema.

23
Q

Why does the body have an intravascular fluid deficit after a burn?

A

Because of the fluid shift from the capillaries dilating and so on that causes blisters

24
Q

Edema only results from CHEMICAL/THERMAL burn injury

A

Thermal

25
Q

What organ system is particularly affected by the extreme fluid shifts following a burn?

A

Cardiovascular

26
Q

What is Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) ?

A

A lethal complication after resuscitation from burn shock

27
Q

What is the treatment for burns to prevent renal failure, cardiovascular collapse, and death?

A

fluid resuscitation

28
Q

What is the nurse’s responsibility regarding the patients fluid status?

A

monitor and assess

29
Q

What electrolyte solution is given to burn patients? What is the formula for calculating?

A

lactated ringer’s 2-4 ml/kg x the %TBSA

30
Q

What is the timing for giving fluid resuscitation for burn injuries?

A

1/2 during the first 8 hours
1/4 during the next 8 hours
1/4 during the 8 hours after that

31
Q

When someone has been burned, what is the priority?

A

AIRWAY! AIRWAY! AIRWAY!

32
Q

A patient who has is throat and face burn, what do you need to think about?

A

Airway

33
Q

When a patient has been poisoned with CO, what percentage of oxygen should you be given?

A

100%

34
Q

What is a normal CO content on a healthy patient’s carboxyhemoglobin level?

A

10-20%

35
Q

What happens to a person at 60% and greater carbon monoxide content?

A

Death

36
Q

What happens at 20-30% Carbon Monoxide content?

A

Headaches/Nausea/Vomiting, Loss of Judgement

37
Q

At what level of carbon monoxide will the patient show mental confusion?

A

30-40%

38
Q

What do you need to assess changes in lung sounds for?

A

Carbonaceous sputum

39
Q

Why must urine output be monitored in a burn patient?

A

To assess the amount of kidney failure risk the patient has

40
Q

What does myoglobinurinia in the urine mean? What medication should be given? What time of burns is this usually seen in?

A

Poor kidney function–> acidosis. Sodium bicarbonate. Electrical burn

41
Q

What 2 medications are often used for pain management with burn injuries?

A

Morphine, Fentanyl

42
Q

What medication is given for nerve pain in burn patients?

A

Neurontin

43
Q

What medication is used in small doses to monitor respiratory depression?

A

Diprivan (Propofol), an anaesthetic

44
Q

How should burn medications NOT be given (via what route)?

A

iM OR Sq because not absorbed easily

45
Q

Why do burn patients have a NG tube?

A

Because of possible gastric dilation, or paralytic ileus.

46
Q

Why are burn patients placed on Ranitidine?

A

Burn patients are prone to stress ulcers

47
Q

The intensity of the metabolic changes in burn patients….

A

….is directly related to the extent of the injury

48
Q

What happens to metabolic demands in a burn patient with > 20% TBSA?

A

Metabolic demands increase!! Drastically.What

49
Q

What happens to REE (resting energy expenditure) after a burn injury?

A

It can be 200% greater after an a burn injury

50
Q

Why is a catabolic response seen in burn patients?

A

Levels of catecholamines, cortical, and glucagon are all very elevated

362 Final Exam (4 decks)

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