Burgundy

Question 1

How does the soil type change in Burgundy?

Answer 1

1- the soils on the hillsides tend to be shallower with better drainage
2- the soil on the flat land is deeper and more fertile.

Question 2

Why do soil types change significantly over small areas in Burgundy?

Answer 2

A large number of small geological faults, combined with gradual erosion,

Question 3

How does the vineyard’s location determines its quality level in the appellation hierarchyin Burgundy? Explain the types.

Answer 3

• Basic village-level vineyards tend to be located on flat sites or at the bottom of slopes
• those of premier cru or grand cru level are often found mid-slope. These desirable hillside locations are less prone to frost than those on flat land.
• The highest-quality vineyards generally have a south or east facing exposure, offering protection from prevailing westerly winds.

Question 4

What are the natural climatic hazards in Burdungy?

Answer 4

• spring frosts, particularly in the Chablis region,

* localised summer hailstorms, which can destroy the crop

Question 5

Describe Classic Burgundian Pinot Noir.

Answer 5

Has red fruit flavours in youth that evolve into flavours of earth, game and mushroom as the wine matures. The wines tend to have high acidity and low to medium levels of tannins.

Question 6

What are the winemaking techniques used on Pinot Noir?

Answer 6

use of whole bunches has gradually become more popular.

For the best wines, 16 to 18 months’ barrel ageing is normal

Question 7

How does the character of Chardonnay varies in Burgundy?

Answer 7

• lean, steely, high-acid wines of Chablis
• complex, expressive wines of the Cote d’Or
• more fullbodied, riper-fruited wines of Macon

Question 8

What are the winemaking techniques for premium Chardonnay around the world?

Answer 8

• barrel fermentation
• barrel ageing (typically six to nine months)
• MLF for white wines
• use of the lees during maturation

Question 9

What is the major climatic problem of Chablis?What is done for protection?

Answer 9

Frost.

Sprinklers and heaters are used.

Question 10

What is the only grape permitted in Chablis?

Answer 10

Chardonnay.

Question 11

How is the winemaking techniques change in Chablis?

Answer 11

• fermenting or aging a portion of their grand cru and sometimes premier cru wines in old oak, which can give a rounder texture and subtle flavours.
• retaining pure fruit flavours by fermenting and storing the wines in stainless steel or concrete.

Question 12

How is the Cote d’Or is split into two? And how is this reflected in the appelation system?

Answer 12

1- Many of the fullest-bodied, longest-lived Pi not Noirs are produced in the Cote de Nu its.
2- The more southerly Cote de Beaune also produces red wines from Pinot Noir, generally in a fruitier style, but it is more famous for producing the best Chardonnays in the region.

All of the red grands crus, except one, are produced on the Cote de Nuits, while all the white grands crus, except one come from the Cote de Beaune.

Question 13

List the key villages of the Cote de Nuits.

Answer 13

• Gevrey-Chambertin
• Vougeot
• Vosne-Romanee
• Nuits Saint-Georges

Question 14

List the key villages in Cote de Beaune.

Answer 14

• Aloxe-Corton
• Beaune
• Pommard : red wine only
• Volnay : red wine only
• Meursault
• Puligny-Montrachet
• Chassagne Montrachet

Question 15

List the 3 villages with the highest reputation for their white wines.

Answer 15

• Meursault
• Puligny-Montrachet (sharing the grand cru of Montrachet)
• Chassagne-Montrachet (sharing the grand cru of Montrachet)

Question 16

How are the regional appellation styles of Bourgogne Hautes Cotes de Nuits and Bourgogne Hautes Cotes de Beaune are effected by the natural factors?

Answer 16

They are to the west of and at a higher altitude.
Te altitude and greater exposure to winds gives them a cooler climate and means that the wines typically have slightly less body and concentration.

Question 17

How are the natural factors effecting the style of the wine in Cote Chalonnaise?

Answer 17

1- Due to the higher altitude of these vineyards the harvest is later and ripening less reliable.
2- Although the vineyards are still found on hillsides, their aspect is less consistently towards the east. So the wines are lighter and tend to mature earlier.
3- These wines are seen as less prestigious than those of the Cote d’Or.

Question 18

What are the 4 village appellations in Cote Chalonnaise?

Answer 18

•	Rully
•	Mercurey: good reputation reds
•	Givry
•	Montagny : only whites
These communes each have premier cru vineyards but no grands crus.

Question 19

Describe a Maconnais white.

Answer 19

Show a good balance of fresh apple or citrus fruit, medium acidity and medium to full body. There may be a hint of creaminess from MLF.

Question 20

Which are the 2 most famous village apellations in Maconnais_ Describe the style.

Answer 20

1- Pouilly-Fuisse
2- Saint-Veran

Ripe notes of tropical and stone fruits and most are matured for a period of time in barrel to enhance texture and add flavours.
The vines are planted on the limestone slopes of the Roche de Solutre with east and south-east exposures.
These amphitheatre like slopes, which act as natural suntraps, help produce some of the richest and ripest Chardonnays in Burgundy, which are often complemented by toasty oak flavours.

Question 21

How is the Chardonnay style is changing in Burgundy?

Answer 21

1- In the north of the region, the wines of Chablis often have high acidity and show green apple and citrus notes, sometimes with a hint of wet stones and slate.
2- In the Cote d’Or, the best wines combine subtle notes of stone fruit with creamy oak flavours.
3- In Maconnais, the wines can be even more ripe and rounded, with hints of toasty oak. Most wines go through MLF and many producers use extended lees ageing. With age the best wines develop complex aromas of nuts and/or mushrooms.

Question 22

What are the risks of the climate in Burgundy for grape growing?

Answer 22

Rain can frequently disrupt both flowering in early summer and harvest later in the year. Pinot Noir is particularly susceptible to grey rot and this can also be a problem in a wet growing season. Among the other natural climatic hazards that the grower may face are spring frosts, particularly in the Chablis region, where they can appear as late as May, and localised summer hailstorms, which can often destroy considerable proportions of a grower’s crop.
Not : spring frost Gulf Streamden oturu Bordeaux’da problem olmuyordu; fakat buarada problem.

Question 23

How can spring frosts be managed?

Answer 23

Spring frost kills newly burst buds or young shoots, reducing yields particularly of early budding varieties such as Chardonnay and Pinot Noir.
There are mainly 4 forms of protection 
•	Heaters
•	Wind Machines
•	Sprinklers
•	Thoughtful Vineyard design

Question 24

What are the regions that have built up a reputation for premium Chardonnay?

Answer 24

• Russian River Valley and Los Carneros in California
• Adelaide Hills, Geelong and Mornington Peninsula in Australia
• Gisborne and Marlborough in New Zealand
• Casablanca Valley in Chile

Question 25

How does the style of the wine is effected by the soil in Burgundy?

Answer 25

The soils in Burgundy are very varied. A large number of small geological faults, combined with gradual erosion, mean that precise soil types change significantly over small areas. These variations are often linked to subtle changes in the styles of the wines although the exact role the soil plays in this is the subject of much debate. What is certain is that the soils on the hillsides tend to be shallower with better drainage, whereas the soil on the flat land is deeper and more fertile.

Question 26

How is the environment impacting Maconnais?

Answer 26

The vines are planted on the limestone slopes of the Roche de Solutre with east and south-east exposures. These amphitheatre like slopes, which act as natural suntraps, help produce some of the richest and ripest Chardonnays in Burgundy, which are often complemented by toasty oak flavours.

Question 27

Why is Pinot Noir the perfect black variety for the vineyards in Burgundy?

Answer 27

Pinot Noir an early ripening variety;so is best grown in cool and moderate climates like Burgundy.
However, there is always the risk that in very cool vintages the grapes, especially those grown in the lesser vineyard sites, may not ripen fully, leading to wines with vegetal notes such as cabbage and wet leaves.

Question 28

Which Chablis category is most likely to show some use of oak?

Answer 28

Chablis Grand Cru

Question 29

What commune in Côte Chalonnaise only produces whites?

Answer 29

Montagny