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Wset D3 (online quizzes) > Burgundy > Flashcards

Burgundy Flashcards

1
Q

Order the Burgundy wine regions geographically from North to South.

A

Chablis
Cote de Nuits
Cote de Beaune
Cote Chalonnaise
Mâconnais

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2
Q

What grape variety is Chablis most famous for?

A

Chardonnay

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3
Q

Why is Chardonnay particularly well suited to being grown in Chablis?

A

Chardonnay is a grape variety that can successfully ripen to produce high quality wines in cool to warm climates, therefore it is suited to the cool continental climate that typifies Chablis.
It is an early ripening variety which is beneficial as the summers can be short in Chablis.

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4
Q

What are the various styles that can be produced from Chardonnay in Chablis?

A

The styles of wines produced range from unoaked, dry, high acidity and light body to richer, medium body with green apple and citrus fruit character when grown on warmer sites.

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5
Q

What are the limestone and clay soils (some of which has a considerable amount of fossilized seashells) known as?

A

Kimmeridgian

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6
Q

Name 3 ways producers in Chablis combat spring frost?

A
  1. Smudge pots: Heat the vineyard, but cause pollution and require staff supervision.
  2. Sprinklers: Popular and environmentally friendly, but require initial upfront investment.
  3. Pruning choices: Pruning later can promote later budburst.
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7
Q

Which rootstock is widely used in Chablis due to its tolerance of limestone soils with a high pH?

A

41B

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8
Q

Which rootstock is widely used in Chablis due to its tolerance of limestone soils with a high pH & low vigor?

A

420A

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9
Q

Why is double Guyot replacement cane training widely practised in Chablis?

A

if one of the canes is damaged by frost, the other one may well survive, thereby reducing the impact on yield.

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10
Q

What % of Chablis vineyards are Grand Cru?

A

1%

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11
Q

What helps to promote greater ripening in Chablis Grand Cru?

A

south facing slopes
mixture of crumbly marl (good drainage) and clay (good water retention)

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12
Q

Order Chablis’ top 5 export markets from largest to smallest

A

UK
USA
Japan
Sweeden
Canada

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13
Q

What is the climate type in the Côte d’Or?

A

Continental

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14
Q

Is Mâconnais usually slightly hotter and drier or cooler and wetter than Côte d’Or.

A

hotter and drier

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15
Q

Why can ripening Pinot Noir prove difficult in Côte d’Or, Côte Chalonnaise and Mâconnais despite its continental climate?

A

The weather is variable from year to year which challenges the ripening potential of Pinot Noir. Extreme weather events are becoming the norm in Burgundy, particularly hail storms occurring during the summer or early autumn. The threat of rain during early autumn, prior to vintage, can decrease the ripening potential of the grapes and increase fungal diseases.

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16
Q

Identify 3 things wine producers may do to alleviate the effect of hail in Burgundy.

A
  1. Since June 2018 netting has been permitted to protect the vines and grapes from hail.
  2. Silver iodide is often used to seed thunderclouds, to induce rainfall instead of hail away from the vineyards.
  3. Grape sorting tables are used to eliminate damaged grapes.
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17
Q

Describe why the soil on Burgundian slopes can often cause problems with grape growing.

A
  1. erosion is an issue with soil moving down the slope over time.
  2. Deeper soils at the bottom of the slope can cause issues with drainage and excessive vine vigour leading to increased foliage growth due to higher soil fertility.
  3. Soils are too shallow at the top of the slop to allow vines to successfully grow their roots. This soil is nutrient deficient and struggles to retain enough water for optimum vine growth.
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18
Q

What is the name of the variant method of replacement cane pruning often used in Burgundy to maintain the same sap route from one year to the next?

A

Poussard Guyot

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19
Q

Why do producers pruning using Poussard Guyot method?

A

It reduces the number of pruning wounds and seeks to cut down the incidence of Esca and other trunk diseases.

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20
Q

How can producers in Burgundy reduce yields?

A
  1. rootstock & clone choice
  2. planting density
  3. Training, trellising, & pruning choices
  4. de-budding
  5. green harvesting
21
Q

How does rootstock and clone choice reduce yields in Burgundy?

A

Choice of rootstock and clone will be well matched to the vigour of a site for new plantings or when replacing vines in established vineyards. This option is only available to a limited number of producers as Burgundy is an old established wine region.

22
Q

How does planting density reduce yields in Burgundy?

A

It has an impact on vine vigour which may help to manage yields depending on the weather during the growing season. However, this is also a limited option for established producers.

23
Q

How does choice of training, trellising, and pruning reduce yields in Burgundy?

A

It has an impact on vine vigour but this choice is limited to new plantings and vineyards replacing older vines.

24
Q

How does de-budding reduce yields in Burgundy?

A

it removes any excess buds to ensure the buds left on the vine can develop fully to support the ripening of all bunches.

25
Q

How does green harvesting reduce yields in Burgundy?

A

removing bunches later in the season that will not ripen in time for harvest and allowing the remaining bunches to ripen fully.

26
Q

Which is rarely practised during white winemaking in Burgundy?

A

de-acidification

27
Q

Is skin contact usually practiced in Burgundy?

A

no, as it is not a particularly aromatic grape variety.

28
Q

Are ambient yeasts often used in the production of white Burgundy?

A

Ambient yeast usage is commonplace throughout Burgundy, but it is far more prevalent at higher classification levels as winemakers believe it encourages terroir expression.

29
Q

What is premature oxidation?

A

the advanced ageing of wine in a relatively short period of time and can be determined by the aromas and colour. The fruit aromas lose their freshness and change to aged aromas of honey and cooked apple and the colour changes from lighter lemon to darker golden and even tawny.

30
Q

When was premox found to be an issue?

A

the late 1990s (96’) and early 2000s and continues to this day.

31
Q

What is thought to be the cause of premox?

A
  1. Changes in vineyard practices that lead to higher yields and thus different chemical composition in the grapes
  2. Warmer vintages and later picking times resulting in riper fruit but with lower acidity
  3. Over-clean musts when using the pneumatic press
  4. Over-zealous battonage
  5. Lower levels of sulphur dioxide
  6. The quality in corks and the treatments used in corks i.e. silicone coating on corks can absorb sulphur dioxide.
32
Q

Why is cold soaking sometimes carried out on red wines made from Pinot Noir grapes in Burgundy?

A

Pinot Noir is low in anthocyanins.
Cold soaking for a few hours to a few days is commonplace as it helps increase the colour of the wine.

33
Q

What Pinot Noir prone to in the winery?

A

Reduction

34
Q

How is reduction in Pinot Noir often mitigated?

A

it’s often fermented in small open topped vessel and cap management techniques are practised. This helps oxygenate the wine to stop reductive sulfur compounds building up.

35
Q

Which cap management techniques are most commonly used in the production of red Burgundy?

A

Punching down
Pumping over

36
Q

Which of the following regions has a classification hierarchy that stops at premier cru?

A

Côte Chalonnaise
Mâconnais (currently formalizing)

37
Q

How many appellations are there in Burgundy (excluding Beaujolais)?

A

84

38
Q

How many Grand Crus, Village, and Regional appellations are there in Burgundy respectively?

A

Grand Cru: 33
Village wines: 44
Regional: 7

39
Q

Why is the presence of a classification on a bottle of wine from Burgundy not necessarily a mark of quality?

A

Example: Clos Vougeot has significant quality differences between vineyards planted at the top, middle and bottom of the slope. Yet all wines can state Clos Vougeot with no further distinction. Thus, the quality of the wine depends as much on the reputation of the producer with the result that the classifications are not a guarantee of quality in Burgundy.

Napoleonic inheritance laws have had a huge impact for Burgundy wine producers. The law states that a proportion of ones assets must be left to each sibling in equal shares. Over the years this has lead to the fragmentation of vineyard holdings with each vineyard typically being divided between many growers and domaines.

40
Q

Name 6 appellations of the Cote de Nuits.

A

Gevrey-Chambertin AOC
Morey-Saint-Denis AOC
Chambolle-Musigny AOC
Vougeot AOC
Vosne-Romanée AOC
Nuits-Saint-Georges AOC

41
Q

Name 8 appellations of the Cote de Beaune

A

Aloxe-Corton AOC
Pernand-Vergelesses AOC
Ladoix-Serrigny AOC
Pommard AOC
Volnay AOC
Puligny-Montrachet AOC
Chassagne-Montrachet AOC
St Aubin AOC

42
Q

Name 5 appellations of the Cote Chalonnaise

A

Bouzeron AOC
Rully AOC
Mercurey AOC
Givry AOC
Montagny AOC

43
Q

Name 4 appellations of the Maconnais

A

Mâcon AOC
Pouilly-Fuissé AOC
Saint-Véran AOC
Viré-Clessé AOC

44
Q

What Burgundy wine business type own holdings, typically divided in parcels in different vineyards and villages. They sell grapes or unfinished wines.

A

growers

45
Q

What Burgundy business type owns vineyards and make wine from them, which they sell under their own label.

A

Domaines

46
Q

What Burgundy large business buys grapes and/or wines, finish them and bottle them for sale under their own name.

A

Negociants

47
Q

What Burgundy small business buys grapes from very good to top quality vineyards, make the wines and sell them under their own name.

A

Micro-negociants

48
Q

What Burgundy businesses are owned by a group of growers and produce and sell wines made from grapes grown by their members.

A

cooperatives

49
Q

Explain how geographical location is closely associated with the price of wines from Burgundy.

A
  1. Villages often have subtle stylistic differences which help consumers know what style their wine might be.
  2. Some of the most sought after villages produce very small quantities of wine and thus demand outstrips supply e.g. La Romanée Grand Cru comprises 0.84 hectares and is one of the most sought after wines in the world.

Wset D3 (online quizzes) (21 decks)

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