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WSG FRENCH WINE SCHOLAR > BURGUNDY > Flashcards

BURGUNDY Flashcards

1
Q

Of the approximately 500 AOCs in France, how many are in Burgundy?

A

100

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2
Q

What is a monopole?

A

A vineyard owned by one person

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3
Q

What is the climate of Burgudy?

A

semi-continental : (the Atlantic impacts the north and the Mediterranean impacts the south)

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4
Q

Does the Saone River have any impact on the climate of Burgundy?

A

No

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5
Q

How long is Burgundy from north to south?

A

224km

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6
Q

What are the main grape varietals in Burgundy?

A

Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

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7
Q

What are the ancillary grapes of Burgundy?

A

White: Aligote, Sacy, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris (syn. Pinot Beurot), Sauvignon Blanc
Red: Cesar, Gamay

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8
Q

Wines of Burgundy typically are single varietal or blends?

A

Single varietal

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9
Q

Bourgogne Gamay and Bourgogne Pinot Noir require what minimum percentage of their grape varietal?

A

85%

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
New world Chardonnays display less minerality and less acidity and more candied malo-lactic elements than their Burgundian counterparts?

A

True

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11
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
New world Pinot Noirs tend to be fruit-forward and highly extracted whereas red Burgundies possess very polished tannins and display more spice and earth elements

A

True

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12
Q

Which AOC is dedicated mostly to Gamay, however, one third must be comprised of Pinot Noir and/or Pinot Liebault. It may even contain up to 15% Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris and Chardonnay. The wine itself may be red or rose?

A

Passe-tout grains AOC

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13
Q

Which AOC, dedicated to the production of sparkling wine, can be composed of Sacy, Aligote, Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Melon, Pinot Noir, Cesar and Gamay

A

Cremant de Bourgogne AOC

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14
Q

What is the difference between colluvial and alluvial soils?

A

Colluvuial: soils formed from rain-driven slope wash
Alluvial: soils formed from river sediment

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15
Q

Are the soils of Burgundy colluvial or alluvial?

A

Colluvial

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16
Q

Hautes Cotes de Beaune and Hautes Cotes de Nuits vineyards are located at the top or bottom of the slope?

A

Top

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17
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The bottom of the slope has the thinnest top soil and receives the least amount of rain

A

FALSE

The top does

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18
Q

Most Grand cru vineyards are located at what point of the slope?

A

Mid-slope

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19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The plains grow grapes with this least amount of distinction and character

A

True - Deep soils and ample water supply enable the grapevine to grow vigorously. Energy is directed to shoot growth rather than ripening fruit.

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20
Q

What is the most desirable slope aspect in Burgundy?

A

East - Morning sun dried morning dew and quickly warms the soil

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21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Pinot Noir prefers limestone soils or marls with high limestone content

A

True

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22
Q

Pinot Noir + ????? = lightly pigmented but sublimely elegant wines; highly aromatic

A

Limestone

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23
Q

Pinot Noir + ???? = less elegant reds with more structure and fruit

A

Marl

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24
Q

Pinot Noir + ???? = less aromatic and less complex reds with plenty of body; need 5-7 years of bottle age to evolve and express themselves

A

Clay

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25
Q

Chardonnay prefers which type of soil?

A

Marly

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26
Q

Chardonnay + ????? = powerfully dense whites with tremendous concentration of flavour; age-worthy

A

Marl

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27
Q

Chardonnay + ????? = wines of structure and depth; round, earthy

A

Clay

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28
Q

Chardonnay + ????? = high acid wines with aromas of citrus fruits and mineral

A

Limestone

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29
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

All Bourgogne wines are AOC

A

True

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30
Q

How many Grand Crus are there in Burgundy?

A

33

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31
Q

How many regional AOCs are there in Burgundy?

A

23 - representing 52% of total wine production

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32
Q

A Cremant de Bourgogne Eminent must undergo how many months sure lie?

A

24

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33
Q

A Cremant de Bourgogne Grand Eminent must undergo how many months sur lie?

A

36 + 3 months in cellar between disgorgement and release

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34
Q

How many villages are there in Burgundy?

A

44

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35
Q

How many Premier Cru vineyards are there in Burgundy?

A

635

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36
Q

Which wine region of Burgundy is located on the slopes of the Serein River Valley?

A

Chablis

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37
Q

Which wine regions vineyards are located around the towns of Auxerre, Tonnerre, Vezelay and Joigny?

A

Grand Auxerrois

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38
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The vineyards of Chatillonais are located to the east of Chablis?

A

True

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39
Q

What is Chablis’ cliamte?

A

Continental with Atlantic influences

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40
Q

Cloud cover has what effect on the wines of Chablis?

A

Slows the ripening process - this results in higher acid wines with a reserved aromatic profile

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41
Q

The Grand Cru and Premier Cru vineyards of Chablis are situated on which type of soil?

A

Kimmeridgean marl

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42
Q

The Chablis AOC and Petit Chablis AOC vineyards are planted in which type of soil?

A

Portlandian marl

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43
Q

The soils of Chatillonais and Grand Auxerrois are mostly comprised of what soil?

A

Portlandian marl

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44
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Both red and white wines are produced in Chablis?

A

False - wine production is 100% white

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45
Q

How many AOCs are there in Chablis?

A

Four

  1. Grand Cru
  2. Premier Cru
  3. Chablis
  4. Petit Chablis
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46
Q

How many Grand crus are there in Chablis?

A

One

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47
Q

Name the 7 climats sharing the single Grand Cru of Chablis

A
  1. Bougros
  2. Les Clos
  3. Grenouilles
  4. Blanchot
  5. Les Preuses
  6. Valmur
  7. Vaudesir
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48
Q

How many different climats make up Chablis Premier Cru AOC

A

89

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49
Q

Irancy AOC is what kind of wine?

A

Red - crafted from Pinot Noir and optionally blended with up to 10% Cesar

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50
Q

Which region is home to Irancy AOC?

A

Grand Auxerrois

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51
Q

In which region is Saint-Bris AOC located?

A

Grand Auxerrois

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52
Q

Which two grape varietals are planted in Saint-Bris AOC?

A

Sauvignon Blanc and Sauvignon Gris

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53
Q

Chatillonnais AOC produces which type of wine?

A

Cremant de Bourgogne from Pinot Noir, Gamay, Chardonnay and Aligote

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54
Q

Which village of the Cote de Nuits is the exception to the rule producing wines that are delicately perfumed and gossamer on the palate?

A

Chambolle-Musigny

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55
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The whites of the Cote de Nuits are elegant and finely structured with delicate apple fruit

A

True

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56
Q

Which region is known for reds that are firmly structured with dark berry fruits and earth and spice? Cotes de Nuits or Cote de Beaune

A

Cote de Nuits

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57
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The wines wines of Hautes Cotes de Nuits require time in bottle to mature and mellow?

A

True - they are robust and firm with significant tannin-acid structure

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58
Q

Cote d’Or translates to what?

A

Golden slope

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59
Q

The Cote de Nuits, Cote de Beaune and Cote Chalonnaise possess which climate?

A

Continental

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60
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Vintage variation is important in Burgundy?

A

True

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61
Q

What are the grape varieties found in the Cote de Nuits

A

Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Aligote, Pinot Gris (locally known as Pinot Beurot)

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62
Q

What soil type is found throughout the Cote de Nuits making it better suited to Pinot Noir?

A

Limestone and Limestone rich marl

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63
Q

What percentage of the Cote de Nuits wine produced i red?

A

89%

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64
Q

Which village in the Cote de Nuits is known for producing top quality rose?

A

Marsannay

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65
Q

How many Grand Crus are there in the Cote de Nuits?

66
Q

How many white wine Grand Crus are there in the Cote de Nuits?

A

1: Musigny (most of the Musigny Grand Cru is red)

67
Q

What are the principal villages from North to South in the Cote de Nuits? (8)

A
  1. Marsanny
  2. Fixin
  3. Gevrey-Chambertin
  4. Morey-Saint-Denis
  5. Chambolle-Musigny
  6. Vougeot
  7. Vosne-Romanee
  8. Nuits-Saint_Geoorges
68
Q

Does Marasanny contain any 1er or Grand cru sites?

A

No - it is known for its production of delicate and fruity rose

69
Q

How many 1er and Grand Cru sites are there in Fixin?

A

Six 1er Cru, 0 Grand Cru

These are well structured, robust, earthy reds with frim tannins; perfect candidates for cellaring

70
Q

How many 1er cru and Grand cru sites are there in Gevrey-Chambertin?

A

26 1er Cru, 9 Grand Cru

These wines carry enough acid, tannin and fruit to have earned a reputation for being cellar worthy

71
Q

What are the 9 Grand Crus of Gevrey-Chambertin?

A
  1. Chambertin
  2. Chambertin Clos de Beze
  3. Chapelle - Chambertin
  4. Charmes - Chambertin
  5. Mazoyeres-Chambertin
  6. Griotte - Chambertin
  7. Latricieres - Chambertin
  8. Mazis - Chambertin
  9. Ruchottes-Chambertin
72
Q

How many 1er and Grand Cru sites are there in Morey-Saint-Denis?

A

20 1er Cru, 5 Grand Cru

73
Q

Which AOC seems to combine the power of its northern neighbour Gevrey with the delicate aromatic profile of its southern neighbour Chambolle?

A

Morey-Saint-Denis

74
Q

What are the 5 Grand Crus of Morey-Saint-Denis?

A
  1. Clos de la Roche
  2. Clos Saint-Denis
  3. Clos des Lambrays
  4. Clos de Tart
  5. Bonnes Mares
75
Q

How many 1er Cru and Grand Cru sites are there in Chambolle-Musigny?

A

24 1er Cru, 2 Grand Cru

Bothe red and white wines have an extraordinary delicate and lacy character

76
Q

What are the 2 Grand Cru sites of Chambolle-Musigny

A
  1. Bonnes Mares

2. Musigny

77
Q

How many 1er Cru and Grand Cru sites are there in Vougeot?

A

4 1er Cru, 1 Grand Cru

78
Q

What is the Grand Cru of Vougeot?

A

Clos de Vougeot

The wines over time develop complex aromas of berry and hints of forest undergrowth.

79
Q

What is the only Grand Cru of the Cote d’Or that rests at the bottom of the slope?

A

Clos de Vougeot

80
Q

How many 1er Cru and Grand Cru sites are there in Vosne-Romanee?

A

14 1er Cru, 8 Grand Cru

81
Q

Which prestigious 8 Grand cru wines are hallmarked by a velvet texture and a melange of berry fruit, violet perfume and feshly-shoveled earth?

A

Vosne Romanee

82
Q

What are the 8 Grand Cru sites of Vosne-Romanee?

A
  1. La Romanee
  2. Romanee-Conti
  3. Romanee-Saint-Vivant
  4. Richebourg
  5. La Tache
  6. Echezeaux
  7. Grands Echezeaux
  8. La Grande Rue
83
Q

How many 1er Cru and Grand Cru sites are there in Nuits-Saints-Georges?

A

41 1er cru, 0 Grand Cru

The wines are meaty, spicy, earthy and deep

84
Q

Which AOC is shared by the five villages of: Fixin, Brochon, Premeaux, Comblanchien and Corgoloin?

A

Cote de Nuits-Villages AOC

85
Q

The Cote de Beaune lies to the north or south of the Cote de Nuits?

86
Q

What are the grape varieties of the Cotes de Beaune?

A

Chardonnay, Aligote, Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris (locally known as Pinot Beurot)

87
Q

The Hautes Cotes de Beaune appellation comprises if how many villages?

88
Q

What is the production of red and white wine in the Cote de Beaune? (%)

A

57% red

43% white

89
Q

What are the soil types found in the Cote de Beaune?

A

Limestone

Limestone rich marl

90
Q

How many Grand Crus are there in the Cote de Beaune?

91
Q

What is the only red Grand Cru of the Cote de Beaune?

A

Corton (it is both red and white)

92
Q

What are the principle villages from north to south in the Cote de Beaune? (17)

A
  1. Ladoix-Serrigny
  2. Aloxe-Corton
  3. Pernand-Vergelesses
  4. Chorey-Les-Beaune
  5. Savigny - Les-Beaune
  6. Beaune
  7. Pommard
  8. Volnay
  9. Monthelie
  10. Auxey- Duresses
  11. Meursault
  12. Saint-Romain
  13. Puligny-Montrachet
  14. Chassagne-Montrachet
  15. Saint-Aubin
  16. Santenay
  17. Marangues
93
Q

How many 1er Cru and Grand Cru sites are there in Ladoix-Serrigny?

A

11 1er crus, 2 Grand crus

94
Q

What are the 2 Grand Cru sites in Ladoix-Serrigny?

A
  1. Corton

2. Corton Charlemagne

95
Q

Which grand cru produces wines with a unique weight and mineral impact upon the palate that speaks to its terroir. The wine is almost thick. Rivals in power would be Montrachet and Chevalier-Montrachet.

A

Corton-Charlmagne

96
Q

Which Grand cru produces whites that over time yield rich aromas of Golden Delicious apple, pear and hazelnut. Its reds posses both power and suppleness coupled with rich, earthy, gamy notes.

97
Q

How many 1er Cru and Grand Cru sites are there in Pernand- Vergelesses?

A

8 1er cru, 2 grand cru

98
Q

What are the 2 grand cru sites in Pernand-Verglesses?

A
  1. Corton

2. Corton-Charlemagne

99
Q

Which principle village, containing two grand crus has vineyards on the slope of the Corton hill. The whites possess flavours of ripe apple and toasted nut all wrapped around a tight core of minerality and acidity. The reds take at least 5 years of bottle age to mature due to the iron rich nature of its clay rich marls.

A

Pernand-Vergelessess

100
Q

How many 1er Cru and Grand Cru sites are there in Chorey-Les-Beaune?

A

0

The wines are hallmarked by delicate tannins and slight acidity making them supple and elegant. The aromas are all raspberry and cherry

101
Q

How many 1er Cru and Grand Cru sites are there in Savigny-Les-Beaune?

A

22 1ers, 0 Grand cru

The whites hint of apple and hazelnut, the reds are supple with silken tannins and soft berry fruit. Most of the production is red.

102
Q

How many 1er Cru and Grand Cru sites are there in Beaune?

A

24 1er cru, 0 Grand cru

103
Q

What AOC is Bourgone’s wine capital. Prodcuing mostly red wines of substantial tannic grip; two-thirds if which are 1er cru. The reds are perfumed with hints of violets, black cherry and blackcurrant underscored by the heady fragrance of autumn leaves. As they age they pick up notes of truffle, spice and leather

104
Q

How many 1er Cru and Grand Cru sites are there in Pommard?

A

28 1er, 0 grand cru

105
Q

Which AOC produces only red wine. Its high percentage of clay yields reds with intense flavours and aromas. Look for blackberry, plum and blueberry. The wines tend to be astringent in their youth and require several years to mellow and soften in order to express subtle hints of leather and wild animal.

A

Pommard AOC

106
Q

How many 1er Cru and Grand Cru sites are there in Volnay?

A

29 1er cru, 0 grand cru

107
Q

Which AOC produces only red wine. 45% of production id 1er cru. Wines are characterised by a soft, supple mouthfeel. They are aromatic with dark berry fruit accented by woody, wild animal notes. With age the wine picks up notes of prune and spice.

108
Q

How many 1er Cru and Grand Cru sites are there in Montheile?

A

15 1er, 0 Grand cru

109
Q

Which AOC has vineyards clustered around a coomb (a cut into a hillside made by a river) lying on alluvial deposits of high quality. Reds are characterised by a delicate perfume and soft, silken tannins. The flavours are gossamer across the palate and subtle… these Pinot Noirs are more aroma than flavour.

A

Montheile AOC

110
Q

How many 1er Cru and Grand Cru sites are there in Auxey-Duresses?

A

9 1er cru, 0 grand cru

111
Q

Which AOC is located at the halfway point of the Cote de Beaune. It makes tight, lean wines from both Chardonnay and Pinot Noir. The whites hint of apple and almond; the reds have silken tannins and red berry fruit

A

Auxey-Duresses AOC

112
Q

How many 1er Cru and Grand Cru sites are there in Meursault?

A

18 1er cru, 0 grand cru

113
Q

Which AOCs production of wine is 96.5% white and nearly one third 1er cru. It lies at the centre of a broad coomb to the south of Auxey-Duresses. The wines are characterised by a rich, creamy texture and flavour profile that hints of apple and oatmeal when young - and coffee, hazelnuts, cinnamon and honey when aged?

A

Meursault AOC

114
Q

How many 1er Cru and Grand Cru sites are there in Saint-Romain?

115
Q

Which AOC is at high elevation producing 62% white and 38% red wine. It is a good 5 degrees colder than the plains below it. As a result the wines are lean, crisp and chiseled?

A

Saint-Romain AOC

116
Q

How many 1er Cru and Grand Cru sites are there in Puligny-Montrachet?

A

17 1er cru, 4 grand cru

117
Q

What are the 4 Grand cru sites of Puligny-Montrachet?

A
  1. Montrachet
  2. Batard-Montrachet
  3. Chevalier-Montrachet
  4. Bienvenues-Batard Montrachet
118
Q

Which AOC produces 99% white wines that are powerful and meaty with hints of marzipan, golden apple, warm butter, toasted almond and honey. It has less than one hectare of Pinot Noir in the ground.

A

Puligny-Montrachet AOC

119
Q

According to French author Alexandre Dumas (the three musketeers) which wine should be “drunk kneeling with one’s hat off”?

A

Montrachet

120
Q

How many 1er Cru and Grand Cru sites are there in Chassagne-Montrachet?

A

19 1er cru, 3 grand cru

121
Q

What are the 3 Grand cru’s of Chassagne-Montrachet?

A
  1. Montrachet
  2. Batard- Montrachet
  3. Criots-Batard- Montrachet
122
Q

Which AOC shares two grand cru’s with Puligny. Its whites are powerful and meaty with hints of apple, honey and toasted nuts. Its reds are redolent with aromas of Kirsch, blackcurrant and underbrush. As the reds age they pick up notes of leather and fur.

A

Chassganee-Montrachet AOC

123
Q

How many 1er Cru and Grand Cru sites are there in Saint-Aubin?

A

16 1er cru, 0 grand cru

124
Q

Which AOC produces significant amounts of both white (61%) and red (39%) but is noted for its whites. They possess a bracing acidity and pronounced minerality. The reds are hallmarked by delicate tannins and raspberry-cherry aromas

A

Saint-Aubin AOC

125
Q

How many 1er Cru and Grand Cru sites are there in Santenay?

A

11 1er cru, 0 grand cru

126
Q

Which AOC and its 1er crus are mostly red. They possess many of the same flavours as red Chassagne but package them in a more delicate robe of tannin?

A

Santenay AOC

127
Q

How many 1er Cru and Grand Cru sites are there in Marangues?

A

7 1er cru, 0 grand cru

128
Q

Which AOC is the southernmost appellation in the Cote de Beaune. They possess many of the same flavours as red Chassagne but package them in a more delicate robe of tannin?

A

Marangues AOC

129
Q

Cote de Beaune Villages AOC wines are exclusively red or white?

A

Red - They are charactersed by firm tannins, firm acidity and red fruits. They need time in bottle to mellow and mature.

130
Q

Which appellations are NOT allowed to label their wines as Cotes de Beaune Villages AOC

A

Beaune, Aloxe-Corton, Pommard and Volnay

131
Q

Which region lies to the south of the Cote de Beaune, north of the Macconais. To its east is the Saone River and its west is the wine region of Couchois?

A

The Cote Chalonnaise

132
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Red, white, rose and sparkling wine is permitted in the Cote Chalonnaise?

A

True - The reds are firm and full bodied with substantial tannin; the whites are well balanced and are hallmarked by aromas of white flowers and ripe apple fruit.

133
Q

Which grapes are permitted in the Cote Chalonnaise?

A

Chardonnay, Aligote (Bouzeron AOC), PInot Noir, Gamay (incorporated into Coteaux Bourguignons and Passe-Tout Grains, two regional AOCs)

134
Q

What is the soil type in Cote Chalonnaise?

A

Limestone & Marl

135
Q

What are the principle villages from north to south in the Cote Chalonnaise? (5)

A
  1. Bouzeron
  2. Rully
  3. Mercurey
  4. Givry
  5. Montagny
136
Q

Which AOC is the Cote Chalonnaise has 0 1er or grand cru sites?

A

Bouzeron AOC

137
Q

Aligote is famed in which Cote Chalonnaise AOC?

A

Bouzeron AOC

138
Q

Which Cote Chalonnaise AOC is known for its Cremant de Bourgogne production made according to the classic or traditional method?

A

Rully

Its whites are soft and generous, its reds are subtle in tannin and highly aromatic with cherry and blackcurrant.

139
Q

How many premier crus are there in Rully?

140
Q

How many premier crus are there in Mercurey?

141
Q

Most of Mercurey’s production is white or red?

142
Q

Which AOC in the Cote Chalonnaise has reds charactersised by chalky tannins and firm acidity coupled with hints of strawberries, cherry and underbrush. The whites are full bodied and broad across the palate with hints of toasted bread and dried apple

A

Mercurey AOC

143
Q

How many premier crus are there in Givry?

144
Q

Which Cote Chalonnaise AOC produces mostly red wine that have firm but polished tannins and intense berry fruit. The whites hint of almond and apple.

145
Q

How many premier crus are there in Montagny?

146
Q

Which Cote Chalonnaise village produces white AOC wines which are medium bodied with moderate acidity and possess delicate mineral undertones coupled with notes of hazelnut and fern

147
Q

The red wines of the Maconnais are made from which grape?

148
Q

The whites of the Maconnais are known for their fruitiness and their distinctive aromas of?

A

Hawthorn and acacia blossom

149
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The Maconnais represents the smallest vineyard area in Burgundy?

A

False - it is the largest

150
Q

The Maconnais climate is influenced by which sea?

A

The Mediterranean

151
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The growing season is cold in the Maconnais?

A

False - sunshine is abundant and temperatures can get quite warm resulting in riper grapes with more pronounced fruit aromas and flavours

152
Q

Which grape varieties are permitted in the Maconnais?

A

Chardonnay, Aligote, Pinot Noir (only allowed for the Macon AOC) and Gamay

153
Q

What is the only region in Burgundy where the granite and schist soils of Beaujolais appear?

A

The Maconnais

It also contains Limestone and Marl

154
Q

In the Maconnais, 85% of vineyards are planted to which grape varietal?

A

Chardonnay

155
Q

How many red or rose villages are in the Maconnais?

A

None - Red or rose wines are labeled Macon, Macon Superieur, or Macon + the name of one of the 20 wine producing villages

156
Q

What are the 3 principal villages of the Maconnais?

A
  1. Pouilly-Fuisse
  2. Saint-Veran
  3. Vire- Clesse
157
Q

What is the vinous flagship AOC of the Maconnais which lies within a topographical bowl of starfish limestone?

A

Pouilly-Fuisse AOC - it produces wines with delicate fruit and floral aromas wrapped around a solid core of minerality

158
Q

Which Maconnais AOC was once sold as Beaujolais Blanc grows Chardonnay and makes soft, quaffable wines for everyday drinking?

A

Saint-Veran AOC

159
Q

Which is the newest Maconnais AOC that produces ripe, fruit forward Chardonnays that hint of soft Golden Delicious apple.

A

Vire-Clesse

160
Q

What are Negociants?

A

Companies that purchase grapes or wine from growers who do not have the inclination to bottle and market their own wine.

161
Q

Is acidification and chapterlization permitted in Burgundy?

A

Yes - but you cannot do both to the same wine.

162
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Most Burgundian producers use new oak barrels

A

False - most use old oak so as not to impart noticeable wood tannins to the finished product.

WSG FRENCH WINE SCHOLAR (7 decks)

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