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Bureaucracy Flashcards

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1
Q

Bureaucracy

A

a hierarchical authority structure that uses task specialization, operates on the merit principle, and behaves with impersonality.

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2
Q

Patronage

A

A system in which jobs and promotions are awarded for political reasons rather than for merit or competence.

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3
Q

Pendleton Civil Service Act

A

Passed in 1883, an act that created a federal civil service so that hiring and promotion would be based on merit rather than patronage.

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4
Q

Civil Service

A

A system of hiring and promotion based on the merit principle and the desire to create nonpartisan government service.

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5
Q

Merit Principle

A

The idea that hiring should be based on entrance exams and promotion ratings to produce administration by people with talent and skill.

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6
Q

Hatch Act

A

A federal law prohibiting government employees from active participation in partisan politics while on duty or for employees in sensitive positions at any time.

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7
Q

Office of Personnel Management (OPM)

A

The office in charge of hiring for most agencies of the federal government, using elaborate rules in the process.

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8
Q

GS (General Schedule) Rating

A

A schedule for federal employees, ranging from GS 1 to GS 18, by which salaries can be keyed to rating and experience.

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9
Q

Senior Executive Service

A

An elite cadre of about 9,000 federal government managers at the top of the civil service system.

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10
Q

Independent Regulatory Commission

A

A government agency with responsibility for making and enforcing rules to protect the public interest in some sector of the economy and for judging disputes over these rules.

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11
Q

Governmental Corporation

A

like business corporations, provides a service that could be delivered by the private sector and typically

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12
Q

Independent Executive Agency

A

The government agencies not accounted for by cabinet departments, independent regulatory commissions, and government corporations. Administrators are typically appointed by the president
NASA is an example.

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13
Q

Policy Implementation

A

establishment of a policy and the consequences of the people affected. Implementation involves translating the goals and objectives of a policy into an operating, ongoing program.

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14
Q

Standard Operating Procedures

A

Better known as SOPS, these procedures for everyday decisions making enable bureaucrats to bring efficiency and uniformity to the running of complex organizations.

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15
Q

Administrative Discretion

A

The authority of administrative actors to select among various responses to a given problem. Discretion is greatest when routines, or standard operating procedures, do not fit a case.

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16
Q

Street-level Bureaucrats

A

A phrase coined by Michael Lipsky, referring to those bureaucrats who are in constant contact with the public and have considerable administrative discretion.

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17
Q

Regulation

A

The use of governmental authority to control or change some practice in the private sector.

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18
Q

Deregulation

A

The lifting of government restrictions on business, industry, and professional activities.

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19
Q

Command-and-Control Policy

A

The typical system of regulation whereby government tells business how to reach certain goals, checks that these commands are followed, and punishes offenders.

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20
Q

Incentive System

A

An alternative to command-and-control, with market like strategies such as rewards used to manage public policy.

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21
Q

Executive Orders

A

Regulations originating with the executive branch. Executive orders are one method presidents can use to control the bureaucracy.

22
Q

Iron Triangles

A

Also known as subgovernments, a mutually dependent, mutually advantageous relationship between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees.

23
Q

Who helped end the pArtonage sys

A

Charles guiteau

24
Q

Omp is in charge of

A

Hiring most federal agencies heads

They create the test and give the names to different agencies of those who passed it

25
Q

Civil-service are —— after a probbaitary period

A

Protected and cannot lose their jobs

Most of the time firing is hard work so they just give incompetent workers easy jobs

26
Q

What is the Plum book

A

The list of the top federal jobs available for direct presidential appointment

27
Q

What are some characteristics of political appointees by the president

A

Diversey and balance
very qualified personnel
and very short terms

28
Q

What cabinet department is not headed by secretary

A

Justice headed by the attorney general

29
Q

What are some other names for bureau where most work is done

A

Service office administration

30
Q

What are some examples of independent regulatory commissions

5

A 
FRBFederal Reserve Board governs banks
NLRBLabor relations Board
FCC licenses and regulates media
FTCFederal Trade Commission
SECsecurities and exchange commission oversees the stock market
31
Q

Why are independent regulatory commissions not completely effective

A

Some of the partners of the industry work for regulatory commissions therefore not implementing rules on them

32
Q

What is example of a government corporation

A

The TVA part of the new deal protected against erosion and provided electricity Americans in Midwest

33
Q

What are some examples of independent executive agencies

A

GSA gen. services admin handles building supplies and purchasing
National Science Foundation NSF
NASA

34
Q

Which has more members independent executive agencies or independent regulatory commissions

A

inDependent executive agencies

35
Q

What three things are included in policy implementation

A

1creation of a new agency or assignment of a new responsibility to an old agency
2translation of policy goals into operational roles and developments of guidelines for the program
3coordination of resources and personnel to achieve intended goals

36
Q

Why do the best laid plans sometimes flunk the implementation test

A

Faulty program designed,lack of clarity contradictory orders and lack of resources due to a small bureaucracy lack of authority

37
Q

why does Congress not give bureaucracies more resources

A

Because of you not wish to be inspected or regulated and for for inefective bureaucracy
Limited budgetary resources

38
Q

Standard operating procedures pros and cons

A

Pros save time there make personnel interchangeable

cons red tape and potentially dangerous obstacles

39
Q

What are some examples of street-level bureaucrats

A

Police officers welfare workers and lower court judges

***note they use discretion aloft

40
Q

How can discretion differ

A

They use their personal views and in chess to execute orders on which they do not agree

41
Q

Fragmentation examples

A

Two agencies not communicating

agencies trying to do the same thing

42
Q

Why does the government not fix fragmentation and re-organize the government

A

Because of the decentralization of power they would lose control over agencies if they were merged with others and interest groups to wouldn’t want to give up the relationships with their agencies and the agencies themselves want to be integrated

43
Q

What are some pros and cons of private contractors in government

A

pro –they provide specialized skills, more efficent and, they cut costs allow for more federal employees
Con—- The above applies to local and state governments they have no affect on national government

44
Q

What are some examples of governmental. regulatnatal agencies

A

Security and exchange commission the national relations Board the department of labor and equal opportunity commission the EPA and the FTC

45
Q

What did Munn v Illinois do

A

Created the first regulatory agency the interstates commerce commission ICC

46
Q

What ways do Congress regulate agencies

A

One grants power of directions
2 set a rule set rules and guidelines for the agency itself
3 enforce means of compliance

47
Q

How do you presidents try and control the bureaucracy

A

Appointing the right people to head the agency
issue orders (executive)
altar and agencies budget through the OMB
re-organize the agency

48
Q

How does Congress try to take control of bureaucracies

A

Influencing the appointment of agency heads
altering agency
budget holding hearings
writing legislation or making it more detailed

49
Q

What is a limitation rider

A

Forbids agency from spending money for Pacific purposes

50
Q

Why are I and triangles between bureaucracy and other groups so prevalent

A

Lack of involvement of other branches
and strong subgovernmant
decentralization and fragmentation of the policymaking process

51
Q

Iron triangles are usually between

A

congressional subcommittee’s
and interest groups
bureaucracy

52
Q

What are the two unelected policymaking institutions

A

bureaucracyand the courts

Us Gov (15 decks)

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