Basic Government terms Flashcards
What are the four policymaking institutions
Presidential
judicial
bureaucracy
and Congress
Government
Policymaking institutions
What does each policymaking institution do
The presidential enforces the laws
judicial branch interprets the laws
bureaucracy implements
Congress makes the laws
What is a policy
Course of action to solve a problem
Political issue
An issue that arises is when people disagree about a problem and how to fix it
Public policy
A choice the government makes in response to political issue
Policy impacts
Effects the policy has on its people and problems they are usually analyzed to see if it is met the goal
What are the five government functions
National defense collecting taxes socializing the young preserving order maintain goods and services
Politics
The process of selecting policymakers
Collective goods
Good and services that cannot be denied to anyone
Political participation
An attempt to influence politics
What are some examples of political participation
Voting
protest
Civil disobedience
contacting public officials
Policymaking system
The process by which policy comes into being and evolves
peoples interest problems and concerns create political issues the government policymakers try and fix
What is the cycle of the policymaking system
People➡️ linkage institutions✉️ ➡️policy agenda ➡️policymaking institutions ➡️policy ➡️people
Linkage institutions
Political channels through which peoples concerns become political issues on the policy agenda
Examples of linkage institution
Political parties
elections
media
interest groups
Policy effects
The people
Democracy
A system of selecting policymakers and organizing government so that policy represent and responds the public preference
What are the five cornerstones of the ideal democracy
Equality building Effective participation Enlightened understanding control of the agenda inclusion
What is direct democracy
People vote directly on the policy
What is representative democracy
People elect officials to vote on the policy
What are some disadvantages of direct democracy
It is slower
people might not be informed
Minorities are not protected
there can be too many issues
Adantages of direct democracy
Your issues are more likely to be addressed more accurately what they want in the policy is not easily corrupted More issues can be addressed Works well for small groups
Disadvantages for representative democracy
Corruption
your ideas can be skewered
Not very accessible
less participation
Advantages of representative democracy
More efficient and more practical
don’t have to worry about small things
Specialized representative
Works well for big groups
Majorty rule
The majority’s desires are more representative and respected
Minority right
grants rights to those who do not belong in majority
Representation
Relationship between the few leaders and many followers
Pluralism definition
A theory of government and politics emphasizing that politics is mainly a competition among groups, each one pressing for its own preferred policies. States that group
Pluralism characteristics
They control more than representatives are usually lobbyist want to get their issues address unites people Compromise and bargaining
Elitism definition
That the government is run by the few who are wealthy and powerful
It is argued that in elitism
Wealthy are the policymakers
Hyper pluralism definition
The government gives into too many groups getting nothing done
Hyper pluralism. Characteristics
Too many interests confusing overlapping jurisdictions Gridlock in court case rises
Challenges with democracy
List four
Increased complexity of issues
limited participation
escalating campaign cost
diverse political interest
Why has there been decreased of young voter apathy
Less pressing issues
abundance other sources
Not been exposed to the need to follow politics
