Burden - Infectious Disease

Question 1

Infectious disease burden and area in the world

Answer 1

Africa has a disproportionately high burden of infectious diseases followed by eastern med and south east Asia

UK: more CVD, diabetes, cancers, chronic resp illnesses

Kenya: more HIV, TB, malaria, maternal & neonatal disease

Question 2

What is DALYs

Answer 2

DISABILITY ADJUSTED LIFE-YEAR

1 DALY= 1 year of life lost due to premature death or a year lived at less than full health

Quantifies burden of diseases, injuries and RFs

Accounts for quality and quantity of life so better measure of disease burden than death data

Question 3

What is zoonoses

Name some zoonotic diseases

Answer 3

Transmission of infectious disease from non-human animal to humans via direct contact or food/water

Examples:
Avian flu 
Nipan virus 
Ebola (fruit bats)
Lyme disease (ticks)

Question 4

EBOLA

source
Route of transmission

Answer 4

Source= fruit bats

Mode of transmission = contact with bodily fluids of infected individual or via incorrectly cooked bush meat

• haemorrhagic fever
• mainly affected Sierra Leone, Liberia and guinea

Question 5

MALARIA

size of problem

Global distribution

Transmission

Answer 5

300 million infected each year

Causes 1 million deaths each year

2/3 cases in Africa, India, Vietnam, Columbia and Brazil

Protozoa infection (plasmodium genus) - 4 subtypes

Spread by mosquito bites

Question 6

YELLOW FEVER

type of infection

Route of transmission

Answer 6

Falvivirus spreqd by mosquitos

200,000 cases per year

30,000 deaths

Humans and monkeys are main reservoirs

Question 7

BILHARZIASIS/ schistosomiasis

source

Type of infection

Answer 7

Trematode/blood fluke infection

Caused by parasitic schistosomiasis

Question 8

Global risk factors for infectious disease

Answer 8

War
Poverty
Lack of clean food and water
Under resourced health care services
Lifestyle
Illiteracy/poor education 
Political instability
International travel