Bullying PT1

Question 1

There is a disagreement

Answer 1

Amongst the research community in defining bullying.

Question 2

A different perspective on bully definition by Juvonen and Graham (2014) is

Answer 2

That bullying is from aggression, conflict and violence and it’s most likely repeated effort involving the dynamic interaction involved between at least two people.

Question 3

Bullying has been identified as a

Answer 3

Problematic behaviour that can affect school achievement, pro social development and psychological wellbeing.

Question 4

Hong & Espelage 2012

Answer 4

Bullying involves a complex interaction between individuals and large scale of social ecological system surrounding that individual.

Question 5

Given the complexity of bullying

Answer 5

There have been measurements and definition proposed and identification of participants within the complex system of bullying.

Question 6

The annual uk bullying survey for 2015 has found

Answer 6

50% have bullied another person in which 30% occurs at least once a week.

43% have been bullied, in which 44% occurs at least once a week.

74% have been physically bullied whilst 62% have been cyber bullied.

55% reporting bullying, 92% reported to teacher and were 49% satisfied, whilst 69% reported to a friend were 72% satisfied.

Found that those debating from the heterosexuality were significantly more bullied compared to heterosexuals.

Lower income household experiences significant bullying compared to others.

Those with disabilities were more likely to experience bullying than those that don’t have a disability.

Question 7

There are different forms of bullying which are

Answer 7

Direct
Indirect
Verbal
And more recent cyber bullying

Question 8

Direct bullying involves

Answer 8

Physically assaulting someone.

Carbone-Lopez et al (2010) found that Boys tend to be more direct than girls.

Question 9

Indirect bullying is relational in which it involves

Answer 9

Lies and spreading rumours that are targeted at the victim.

Girls tend use indirect bullying and are more likely to be perpetuators of indirect bullying than boys.

This implies that there is a need for gender specific efforts to reduce types of victimisation.

Question 10

Cyber bullying occurs

Answer 10

On line via social media.

Question 11

Findings by Carbone-Lopez et al (2010)

Answer 11

Found that indirect bullying is more prevalent compared to direct bullying in older children suggesting that age also plays a role in the trajectories of bullying.

Question 12

Wilcox, Tillyer and Fisher (2009) found that

Answer 12

The involvement of delinquency increased the likelihood of direct bullying in both boys and girls.

This is often seen in the persistent victim-offender overlap found in research on delinquent behaviour, implying that bullies fall in the continuum of anti social behaviour.

Question 13

Previous research by Bjorkqvist et al (1992) found

Answer 13

That the use of indirect aggressive strategies had a positive correlation between girls and age opposing to boys which there was no increase.

This may be due to the speed in which verbal and social skills development in girls thus resulting in the increase use of indirect bullying and and increase victimisation.

Question 14

According to Olweus (2013) bullying is

Answer 14

Defined as a form of aggressive behaviour that is intentional, repetitive and causes harm, distress or distress to someone else.

Since bullying does not require apparent provocation it is considered as a proactive aggression