Building Successful Information Systems

Question 1

What are the steps in the systems development life cycle?

Answer 1

Design, Implementation, Maintenance, Planning, Analysis

Question 2

the systems development life cycle is also called

Answer 2

the waterfall model

Question 3

what is the main goal of an information system

Answer 3

delivering useful information in a timely manner to the right decision-maker

Question 4

What needs to be done throughout the sldc process?

Answer 4

measure feasibility

Question 5

Establishing ___ ___ ensures objectivity throughout the sldc process.

Answer 5

Evaluation Criteria

Question 6

Where does the input in the different phases of SLDC come from?

Answer 6

internal and external users

Question 7

This team collects user feedback and works toward getting users involved from the
beginning.

Answer 7

Task force

Question 8

What is the composition of the task force?

Answer 8

Representatives from different departments (including IT), systems analyst, top management, and technical advisers

Question 9

During the ____ phase,
which is one of the most crucial
phases of the SDLC model, the
_____ must define
the problem the organization
faces, taking care not to define
___ rather than the
underlying problem.

Answer 9

planning, system designer, symptoms

Question 10

employees who will use
the system regularly, and
they can offer important
feedback on the system’s
strengths and weaknesses.

Answer 10

internal users

Question 11

are not employees but do use the system

Answer 11

external users

Question 12

Using a task force for
designing an information
system is similar to using the

Answer 12

JAD Approach

Question 13

a collective activity involving users, top management, and IT professionals.

Answer 13

Joint Application Design

Question 14

What do you call the structured workshop done in a JAD approach

Answer 14

JAD Session

Question 15

measure of how beneficial or pratical an information system will be to an org

Answer 15

Feasibility

Question 16

analyzes a
proposed solution’s feasibility and
determines how best to present
the solution to management.

Answer 16

Feasibility Study

Question 17

dimensions of a feasibility study: assesses a system’s costs and
benefits.

Answer 17

economic feasibility

Question 18

T or F: Economic Feasibility Measures Tangible costs only

Answer 18

F. Tangible and Intangible

Question 19

To assess economic feasibility, the team tallies tangible ___ and ___for the system and compares them with expected financial benefits of the
system.

Answer 19

development and operating costs

Question 20

____________ into the SLDC process is a good idea to ensure the systems success.

Answer 20

Integrating Feasibility Checkpoints

Question 21

The most common analysis methods are

Answer 21

payback, npv, roi, irr

Question 22

What is used to sell the system to the top management?

Answer 22

the cost benefit analysis report

Question 23

Which Dimension is concerned with the technology that will be used in the system.

Answer 23

Technical Feasibility

Question 24

Lack of technical feasibility
can also stem from an organization lacking the expertise, time, or personnel to implement the new system is also called?

Answer 24

“a lack of organizational readiness.”

Question 25

What is the solution to “a lack of organizational readiness.”

Answer 25

Extensive Training

Question 26

is the measure of how well the the proposed solution will work in the organization and how internal and external customers will react to it.

Answer 26

Operational Feasibility

Question 27

Which dimension is concerned with whether the new system can be completed on time.

Answer 27

Scheduling Feasibility

Question 28

Which dimension is concerned with legal issues

Answer 28

Legal Feasibility

Question 29

analysts define the problem and generate alternatives for solving it.

Answer 29

requirements-gathering and analysis phase

Question 30

This document is then sent to all key users and task-force members for approval.

Answer 30

System Specifications

Question 31

What is the indication that the analysis phase has ended and the start of the design phase?

Answer 31

The creation of the systems specification document

Question 32

What are the two major approahces to the analysis and design of information systems?

Answer 32

1. Structured Systems Analysis and Design 2. Object Oriented Programming

Question 33

The models created during the analysis phase constitute

Answer 33

the design specifications.

Question 34

What is the difference between SSAD and Object Oriented Approach?

Answer 34

-SSAD independently approaches the process and data before designing -Object Oriented Approach treats process and data simultaneously that analysis and design seem like a single phase.

Question 35

Modeling tool that helps define the system's scope

Answer 35

Data Flow Diagram

Question 36

Illustrates the logical steps in a process but does not show data elements and associations;

Answer 36

Flowchart

Question 37

Shows a process at a more general level and is helpful for showing top management and the task force how a process works

Answer 37

Context Diagram

Question 38

During the __________ analysts choose the solution that is the most realistic and offers the highest payoff for the organization.

Answer 38

design phase

Question 39

The design phase has three parts:

Answer 39

conceptual design, logical design, and physical design

Question 40

is an overview of the system and does not include hardware and software

Answer 40

The Conceptual Design

Question 41

more specific than conceptual design becaue it indicates hardware and software

Answer 41

Logical design

Question 42

is created for a specific platform, such as choosing Dell servers running Ubuntu Linux, Dell laptops running Windows 10 and Internet Explorer, Java for the programming language, and SQL Server 2019 for the relational DBMS.

Answer 42

Physical Design

Question 43

These tools are particularly helpful for investigation and analysis in large-scale projects because they automate parts of the design phase.

Answer 43

Computer-aided Systems Engineering

Question 44

Is the fastest wat to put an IS into an operation

Answer 44

Prototyping

Question 45

What are prototypes used for?

Answer 45

1. Gathering System Requirements 2. Helping to determine System Requirements 3. Determining a system's technical feasibility. 4. Selling the proposed system to users and management

Question 46

shows users how a particular task that was not technically feasible can be done.

Answer 46

proof of concept prototype

Question 47

is used to sell a proposed system to users or management by showing some of its features.

Answer 47

Selling Prototype

Question 48

What are the approaches to making a prototype

Answer 48

using an external vendor, using software packages or fourth-generation programming languages, or using high-level programming languages and developing the prototype from scratch.

Question 49

In _____ the old and new systems run simultaneously for a short time to ensure the new system works correctly. However, this approach is costly and can be used only if an operational system is already in place.

Answer 49

parallel conversion

Question 50

as each module of the new system is converted, the corresponding part of the old system is retired. This process continues until the entire system is operational. Although this approach is not suitable in all situations, it can be effective in accounting and finance.

Answer 50

Phased In --- Phased Out

Question 51

the old system is stopped and the new system is implemented. This approach is risky if there are problems with the new system, but the organization can save on costs by not running the old and new systems concurrently.

Answer 51

Plunge (Direct-cutover)conversion

Question 52

the analyst introduces the system in only a limited area of the organization, such as a division or department. If the system works correctly, it is implemented in the rest of the organization in stages or all at once.

Answer 52

Pilot conversion

Question 53

includes activities required to plan, manage, and control the creation and delivery of information system.

Answer 53

IT Project management

Question 54

What are the three project management techniques?

Answer 54

- Program Evaluation Review Techniques (PERT) - Critical Path Method (CPM) - Gantt Chart

Question 55

PERT and CPM work by determining the

Answer 55

Critical Path

Question 56

The completion time in the gantt chart is also called?

Answer 56

The milestone

Question 57

In the gantt chart, the x axis and y axis mean?

Answer 57

x = completion time y = activities

Question 58

is a written document with detailed specifications that is used to request bids for equipment, supplies, or services from vendors.

Answer 58

Request for proposal

Question 59

What phase and duration does the creation of an RFP take?

Answer 59

6-12 months, implementation phase

Question 60

is a screening document for gathering vendor information and narrowing the list of potential vendors. It can help manage the selection of vendors by focusing on the project requirements are crucial to selecting vendors.

Answer 60

Request for Information

Question 61

What is the biggest drawback of using rfis?

Answer 61

it is not suitable for complex projects because it can be used only for selecting three or four finalists from a list of candidates.

Question 62

SLDC approach is an implementation approach called?

Answer 62

Insourcing

Question 63

is when end users develop their own information systems, with little or no formal assistance from the information systems team.

Answer 63

Self-sourcing

Question 64

list of applications that are not requested is often longer than the backlog,

Answer 64

“invisible” backlog.

Question 65

Creating private data should be ____, if not ____.

Answer 65

minimized, eliminated

Question 66

approach, an organization hires an external vendor or consultant who specializes in providing development services.

Answer 66

Outsourcing

Question 67

is the process of outsourcing tasks that are traditionally performed by employees or contractors to a large group of people (a crowd) through an open call.

Answer 67

Crowdsourcing

Question 68

Disadvantages of Outsourcing: may not full meet the organizations information systems from passing on the control of the is functions

Answer 68

Loss of Control

Question 69

Disadvantages of Outsourcing: too dependent where a change in the outsourced company greatly impacts the client

Answer 69

Dependency

Question 70

Disadvantages of Outsourcing: leakage of confidential information

Answer 70

Vulnerability of Strategic Information

Question 71

What is an important task in the maintenance phase?

Answer 71

Help Desk Creation

Question 72

What instances should the SDLC model be deemed inappropriate to use?

Answer 72

- Lack of specification - Input and Output process cant be identified - Problem is a one time thing - Needs keep changing

Question 73

is a philosophy and a software and system development methodology that focuses on the development, use, and reuse of small, self- contained blocks of codes to meet the software needs of an organization.

Answer 73

Service Oriented Architecture

Question 74

What do you call the block of codes in SOA

Answer 74

Services

Question 75

concentrates on user involvement and continuous interaction between users and designers.

Answer 75

Rapid Application Development

Question 76

RAD combines what phases?

Answer 76

Planning and analysis

Question 77

Repeats the design, development, and testing steps based on the feedback of the users

Answer 77

Incremental Development

Question 78

T or F: RAD is also called a low code or no code approach

Answer 78

T

Question 79

divides a project into smaller functions, and developers cannot go on to the next phase until the current phase is finished.

Answer 79

Extreme Programming (XP)

Question 80

In XP, Analysts write down on index cards called

Answer 80

Stories

Question 81

Where two programmers participate in one development effort at one workstation, each programmer performs the action the other is not currently doing.

Answer 81

Pair Programming

Question 82

Pair Programming is also called

Answer 82

Sharing the Keyboard

Question 83

is similar to XP in focusing on an incremental development process and timely delivery of working software. However, there is less emphasis on team coding and more emphasis on limiting the project’s scope.

Answer 83

Agile Methodology

Question 84

Agile Frameworks: focuses on a delivery cadence called a sprint and meeting structures that include planning, commitment, and daily standup meetings, allowing teams to communicate updates on their development status and strategies

Answer 84

Scrum

Question 85

Scrum uses a delivery cadence called

Answer 85

Sprints

Question 86

is a visual system for managing a project as it moves through various processes.

Answer 86

Kanban