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MIS > Building Successful Information Systems > Flashcards

Building Successful Information Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the steps in the systems development life cycle?

A

Design, Implementation, Maintenance, Planning, Analysis

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2
Q

the systems development life cycle is also called

A

the waterfall model

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3
Q

what is the main goal of an information system

A

delivering useful information in a timely manner to the right decision-maker

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4
Q

What needs to be done throughout the sldc process?

A

measure feasibility

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5
Q

Establishing ___ ___ ensures objectivity throughout the sldc process.

A

Evaluation Criteria

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6
Q

Where does the input in the different phases of SLDC come from?

A

internal and external users

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7
Q

This team collects user feedback and works toward getting users involved from the
beginning.

A

Task force

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8
Q

What is the composition of the task force?

A

Representatives from different departments (including IT), systems analyst, top management, and technical advisers

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9
Q

During the ____ phase,
which is one of the most crucial
phases of the SDLC model, the
_____ must define
the problem the organization
faces, taking care not to define
___ rather than the
underlying problem.

A

planning, system designer, symptoms

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10
Q

employees who will use
the system regularly, and
they can offer important
feedback on the system’s
strengths and weaknesses.

A

internal users

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11
Q

are not employees but do use the system

A

external users

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12
Q

Using a task force for
designing an information
system is similar to using the

A

JAD Approach

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13
Q

a collective activity involving users, top management, and IT professionals.

A

Joint Application Design

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14
Q

What do you call the structured workshop done in a JAD approach

A

JAD Session

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15
Q

measure of how beneficial or pratical an information system will be to an org

A

Feasibility

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16
Q

analyzes a
proposed solution’s feasibility and
determines how best to present
the solution to management.

A

Feasibility Study

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17
Q

dimensions of a feasibility study: assesses a system’s costs and
benefits.

A

economic feasibility

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18
Q

T or F: Economic Feasibility Measures Tangible costs only

A

F. Tangible and Intangible

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19
Q

To assess economic feasibility, the team tallies tangible ___ and ___for the system and compares them with expected financial benefits of the
system.

A

development and operating costs

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20
Q

____________ into the SLDC process is a good idea to ensure the systems success.

A

Integrating Feasibility Checkpoints

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21
Q

The most common analysis methods are

A

payback, npv, roi, irr

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22
Q

What is used to sell the system to the top management?

A

the cost benefit analysis report

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23
Q

Which Dimension is concerned with the technology that will be used in the system.

A

Technical Feasibility

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24
Q

Lack of technical feasibility
can also stem from an organization lacking the expertise, time, or personnel to implement the new system is also called?

A

“a lack of organizational readiness.”

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25
Q

What is the solution to “a lack of organizational readiness.”

A

Extensive Training

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26
Q

is the measure of how well the
the proposed solution will work in the organization and how internal and external customers will react to it.

A

Operational Feasibility

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27
Q

Which dimension is concerned with whether the new
system can be completed on time.

A

Scheduling Feasibility

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28
Q

Which dimension is concerned with legal issues

A

Legal Feasibility

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29
Q

analysts define the problem and generate alternatives for solving it.

A

requirements-gathering and analysis phase

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30
Q

This document is then sent to
all key users and task-force members for approval.

A

System Specifications

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31
Q

What is the indication that the analysis phase has ended and the start of the design phase?

A

The creation of the systems specification document

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32
Q

What are the two major approahces to the analysis and design of information systems?

A
  1. Structured Systems Analysis and Design
  2. Object Oriented Programming
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33
Q

The models created during the analysis phase constitute

A

the design specifications.

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34
Q

What is the difference between SSAD and Object Oriented Approach?

A

-SSAD independently approaches the process and data before designing
-Object Oriented Approach treats process and data simultaneously that analysis and design seem like a single phase.

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35
Q

Modeling tool that helps define the system’s scope

A

Data Flow Diagram

36
Q

Illustrates the logical steps in a process but does not show data elements and associations;

A

Flowchart

37
Q

Shows a process at a more general level and is helpful for showing top management and the task
force how a process works

A

Context Diagram

38
Q

During the __________
analysts choose the solution that
is the most realistic and offers the
highest payoff for the organization.

A

design phase

39
Q

The design phase has three parts:

A

conceptual design, logical design, and physical design

40
Q

is an overview of the system and does not include hardware and software

A

The Conceptual Design

41
Q

more specific than conceptual design becaue it indicates hardware and software

A

Logical design

42
Q

is created for a specific platform, such as choosing Dell servers running Ubuntu Linux, Dell laptops running Windows 10 and Internet Explorer, Java for the programming language, and SQL Server 2019 for
the relational DBMS.

A

Physical Design

43
Q

These tools are particularly helpful for investigation and analysis in large-scale projects because they automate parts of the design phase.

A

Computer-aided Systems Engineering

44
Q

Is the fastest wat to put an IS into an operation

A

Prototyping

45
Q

What are prototypes used for?

A
  1. Gathering System Requirements
  2. Helping to determine System Requirements
  3. Determining a system’s technical feasibility.
  4. Selling the proposed system to users and management
46
Q

shows users how
a particular task that was not
technically feasible can be done.

A

proof of concept prototype

47
Q

is used to sell a proposed system to users or management by showing some of its features.

A

Selling Prototype

48
Q

What are the approaches to making a prototype

A

using an external vendor, using software packages or fourth-generation programming languages, or using high-level programming languages and developing the prototype from scratch.

49
Q

In _____ the old and new systems run simultaneously for a
short time to ensure the new system works correctly.
However, this approach is costly and can be used only
if an operational system is already in place.

A

parallel conversion

50
Q

as each module of the new system is converted, the corresponding part of the old system is retired. This process continues until the
entire system is operational. Although this approach is not suitable in all situations, it can be effective in accounting and finance.

A

Phased In — Phased Out

51
Q

the old system is
stopped and the new system is implemented. This
approach is risky if there are problems with the new
system, but the organization can save on costs by not
running the old and new systems concurrently.

A

Plunge (Direct-cutover)conversion

52
Q

the analyst introduces
the system in only
a limited area of
the organization,
such as a division or
department. If the
system works correctly,
it is implemented
in the rest of the
organization in stages
or all at once.

A

Pilot conversion

53
Q

includes activities required to plan,
manage, and control the creation
and delivery of information
system.

A

IT Project management

54
Q

What are the three project management techniques?

A
  • Program Evaluation Review Techniques (PERT)
  • Critical Path Method (CPM)
  • Gantt Chart
55
Q

PERT and CPM work by determining the

A

Critical Path

56
Q

The completion time in the gantt chart is also called?

A

The milestone

57
Q

In the gantt chart, the x axis and y axis mean?

A

x = completion time
y = activities

58
Q

is a written document with detailed
specifications that is used to request bids for equipment, supplies, or services from vendors.

A

Request for proposal

59
Q

What phase and duration does the creation of an RFP take?

A

6-12 months, implementation phase

60
Q

is a screening document
for gathering vendor information
and narrowing the list of potential
vendors. It can help manage the
selection of vendors by focusing on
the project requirements are
crucial to selecting vendors.

A

Request for Information

61
Q

What is the biggest drawback of using rfis?

A

it is not suitable for complex projects because it can be used only for selecting three or four
finalists from a list of candidates.

62
Q

SLDC approach is an implementation approach called?

A

Insourcing

63
Q

is when
end users develop their own
information systems, with little
or no formal assistance from the
information systems team.

A

Self-sourcing

64
Q

list of applications that are not requested is often longer than
the backlog,

A

“invisible” backlog.

65
Q

Creating private
data should be ____, if not ____.

A

minimized, eliminated

66
Q

approach, an organization hires
an external vendor or consultant
who specializes in providing
development services.

A

Outsourcing

67
Q

is the process of outsourcing tasks that are traditionally performed by
employees or contractors to a large
group of people (a crowd) through
an open call.

A

Crowdsourcing

68
Q

Disadvantages of Outsourcing: may not full meet the organizations information systems from passing on the control of the is functions

A

Loss of Control

69
Q

Disadvantages of Outsourcing: too dependent where a change in the outsourced company greatly impacts the client

A

Dependency

70
Q

Disadvantages of Outsourcing: leakage of confidential information

A

Vulnerability of Strategic Information

71
Q

What is an important task in the maintenance phase?

A

Help Desk Creation

72
Q

What instances should the SDLC model be deemed inappropriate to use?

A
  • Lack of specification
  • Input and Output process cant be identified
  • Problem is a one time thing
  • Needs keep changing
73
Q

is a philosophy and a software and system development methodology
that focuses on the development, use, and reuse of small, self-
contained blocks of codes to meet the software needs of an organization.

A

Service Oriented Architecture

74
Q

What do you call the block of codes in SOA

A

Services

75
Q

concentrates on user involvement and continuous interaction between users and designers.

A

Rapid Application Development

76
Q

RAD combines what phases?

A

Planning and analysis

77
Q

Repeats the design, development, and testing steps based on the feedback of the users

A

Incremental Development

78
Q

T or F: RAD is also called a low code or no code approach

A

T

79
Q

divides a project into smaller
functions, and developers cannot go on to the next phase
until the current phase is finished.

A

Extreme Programming (XP)

80
Q

In XP, Analysts write down on index cards called

A

Stories

81
Q

Where two programmers participate in one development effort at one workstation, each programmer performs the action the other is not currently doing.

A

Pair Programming

82
Q

Pair Programming is also called

A

Sharing the Keyboard

83
Q

is similar
to XP in focusing on an incremental
development process and timely
delivery of working software.
However, there is less emphasis on
team coding and more emphasis on
limiting the project’s scope.

A

Agile Methodology

84
Q

Agile Frameworks: focuses on a delivery cadence called a sprint and meeting structures that include planning, commitment, and daily standup meetings, allowing teams to communicate updates on their development status and strategies

A

Scrum

85
Q

Scrum uses a delivery cadence called

A

Sprints

86
Q

is a visual system for managing a project as it moves through various processes.

A

Kanban

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