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Book 29 > Building Construction (ch.2) > Flashcards

Building Construction (ch.2) Flashcards

1
Q

A working knowledge of building construction not only provides the necessary expertise to conduct a quick and accurate size-up of a structure, it also provides the foundation for effective, timely, and safe operations in the following areas: x3

A
  1. Structural integrity
  2. Ladder placement
  3. Forcible entry / Search and rescue
  4. Ventilation feasibility
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2
Q

Ladders should be placed to the______ of the building.

A

Strong area

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3
Q

A size up consists of three operations;

A
  1. Analyze the situation
  2. Decide a plan (strategy)
  3. Put the plan into operation (tactics)
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4
Q

Type and construction of building will indicate;
X5

A
  1. Rate of burning
  2. Possible avenues of fire spread
  3. Problems that will have a direct impact to confine fire
  4. Structural integrity
  5. Time necessary to conduct safe foreground operations
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5
Q

4 construction methods

A
  1. Metal concrete
  2. Masonry
  3. Frame/stucco
  4. Curtain
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6
Q

_____ utilizes structural members that depend on size for strength

A

Conventional construction

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7
Q

Lightweight truss construction does not derive strength from size. Strength is obtained from multiple members that are in ____ and ____

A

Compression and tension

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8
Q

A single lightweight structural member can span ____ and may be compromised of ___x____

A

70 ft ; 2x4’s

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9
Q

In a truss gable roof the rafters are ___ of the truss. The ceiling joists are ___ of the truss

A

Top chord; bottom chord

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10
Q

___ x___ and ___x___ are the standard for lightweight construction.

A

2x3’s and 2x4’s

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11
Q

Conventional construction will utilize a minimum of x

A

2x4s

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12
Q

The ability to accurately estimate the amount of time that a structure can be considered structurally strong is dependent on what factors. X3

A
  1. Type of construction
  2. How long the fire has been burning
  3. Fire intensity
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13
Q

Roof styles x6

A
  1. Gable
  2. Hip
  3. Flat
  4. Bridge
  5. Arch
  6. Saw tooth
  • gambrel
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14
Q

Gable roof, A frame configuration of conventional or ordinary construction that consists of a ridge board and rafters that cross the outside walls; rafters are usually ___X___ in or larger and are usually ___ in to ___ in on center

*spaced up to ___ in for steep pitched roofs

A

2x6” ; 16” to 24”

36”

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15
Q

Metal gusset plate connectors may vary in size, thickness, and depth of penetration. The most common are ______ steel plates with prongs that produce _____inch penetration.

A

18 gauge, 3/8”

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16
Q

Eighteen-gauge “roof truss clips” may be found nailed to the bottom chord (every ____ to ____ trusses) and top plate of interior walls.

A

3 to 5 trusses

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17
Q

Common on center spacing for truss rafters is

A

24in

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18
Q

Conventional construction utilizes ridge boards and rafter of ____X____ or larger

A

1x6”

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19
Q

When metal connector plates and surrounding wood are exposed to fire, the connector plates will quickly fail by _____

A

Pulling out of the wood

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20
Q

Newer roofs use ____ or ____ in plywood as decking instead of 1x4 or 1x6 in space sheathing

A

3/8 or 1/2”

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21
Q

___ rafters are utilized where two rooflines join together

A

Valley rafters

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22
Q

Bridge truss roof; constructed during 1930’s and 1940’s. Wooden truss members are built from ____X___ in lumber

A

2x12”

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23
Q

Bridge truss roof; rafters are ____ in and covered by ____ in sheathing.

Straight sheathing used ____
Diagonal sheathing used _____

A

2x6 rafters ; 1x6 sheathing

Straight = pre 33
Diagonal = post 33

  • expect plywood for earthquake ordinance
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24
Q

Bowstring arch truss; _____ or ___ lumber comprises the arch truss and related members.

A

2x12 or 2x14” lumber

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25
Q

An egg crate , geometric or diamond patterned roof:

A

Lamella arch roof

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26
Q

Lamella arch constructed from ____ in wood framing with steel plates and bolts at junctions of framing

A

2x12in

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27
Q

Lamella arch roof; this type of arch is supported by _______ or _____

A

Exterior buttresses or internal tie rods with turn buckles

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28
Q

Although these roofs offer some protection when exposed to fire, total roof collapse may occur if fire removes more than ____% of the roof structure. Total roof collapse of the roof can result from “the domino effect.”

A

20%

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29
Q

An arch roof that uses metal tie rods to offer support for the walls of the building

A

Tied truss arch roof

30
Q

Tie rods usually ___ in in diameter to ensure arches do not push exterior walls outward

A

5/8 in

31
Q

Tied truss arch; rafters are ___X___ or larger

A

2x10”

32
Q

Sawtooth roof; rafters are ____ in or larger.
Sloping portion is covered with _____ sheathing or ____ plywood

A

2x8in
1x6in sheathing or 1/2” plywood

33
Q

Wooden I beam; the stem is joined to the top and bottom chords by a continuous glued edge joint. And may be constructed from ____ in plywood or chip board of the same thickness

A

3/8

34
Q

Wooden I beam; nail8ng blocks are placed perpendicular to the top chords and are spaced ___ ft apart

A

4ft

35
Q

Open web; the steel tube web members are prefabricated from ___ to ___ in cold rolled steel tubing with the ends pressed flat

A

One to two in

36
Q

Open web ;Spans to ___ ft are possible

A

70ft

37
Q

Metal gusset plate roof; utilization of 2x4s in a span of up to___ ft
decking is usually _____ in plywood. Dwellings will use ____ in or ___ in

A

1/2in
3/8 or 1/2

38
Q

Panelized roof; may be found on ____, ____, or ____ buildings

A

Wood masonry, or concrete tilt slab

39
Q

4 main components of panelized roof and sizes

A

Beams 6x36
Purlins 4x12
Joists 2x4
Plywood 1/2”

40
Q

Panelized roof;
Beams are supported at their ends by ____,____or ____, or ____

A

Pilasters, wood or steal posts, or saddles

41
Q

Panelized roof;
Beams are spaced ___ to ___ ft apart

A

12 to 40 ft

42
Q

Beams may be bolted together to provide lengths well in excess of ____ ft

A

100ft

43
Q

Panelized roof;
Beam span supports of _____ in hollow steel pipe

A

4in

44
Q

Open web bar joists;
Top and bottom chords are usually made from ____ in steel and web supports are solid ____ in steel bar

A

1/8” chords; 5/8 in web

45
Q

Open web bar joist; large build8ngs may have bar joists used as girders spaced up to ___ ft. Joists are spaced ___ ft apart to accept corrugated metal decking

A

45 ft; 8ft

46
Q

Steel begins to lose its strength at _____

A

1000 degrees

47
Q

Light weight concrete;
A steel or wood sub structure is covered by corrugated metal ( Robertson decking). An air entrained mixture of sand, cement, and occasionally pea gravel is pumped on top of the corrugated metal decking and ______ in or _____ in wire mesh to a thickness of ___ to ___ in

A

4x4 in or 6x6in wire mesh;
3 to 4 in thick

48
Q

In concrete roofs use ____ or ____ blade to cut ventilation openings

A

Diamond or carbide tip blade

49
Q

When exposed to sufficient heat metal beams can expand ___in per ____ ft

A

9inches per 100’

50
Q

Tilt up buildings can be up to ___ stories in height

A

5

51
Q

Masonry buildings constructed up until 1930’s;
X7 indicators or URM

  • brick exterior walls about ____ inches thick
A

1.concrete cap
2. Rafter tie plates
3. Bond Beam cap
4. Lintel
5. Inset windows
6. Shelf
7. Kings row

13in walls

52
Q

URM pre 33;
Parapet walls can be ____ ft above the roof line and ___ ft or more if used as facade on front of building

A

3ft; 5 ft + facade

53
Q

Long Beach earthquake of ____

A

1933

54
Q

Long Beach earthquake revisions
X5 (walls and sheathing)

A
  1. exterior walls at least 9 in thick
  2. Masonry walls reinforced with “rebar”
    3.all joists/rafters required to be anchored to exterior wall( ledger board rafters hung by hangers)
  3. Cement mortar instead of sand and lime mortar
    5.diagonal roof sheathing.
55
Q

Tehachapi earthquake of ______

A

1959

56
Q

Tehachapi earth quake retro ; x3

A
  1. A 4 to 6 in concrete bond beam cap on top of lowered parapet walls along public ways and exits
    2 parapet walls should not be higher than 16 inches including bond beam cap
  2. Exterior walls drilled at roof level and a steel anchor bar/rod installed ever 4 feet (rafter tie plates).
57
Q

1959 ordinance
Parapet walls no higher than_____

A

16in

58
Q

1959 ordinance;
Size of concrete bond beam cap

A

4 to 6 in

59
Q

The soul are earthquake of _____

A

1971

60
Q

The Selma earthquake ordinance designed to prevent exterior walls from collapsing outward by stabilizing the building by: x2

A
  1. Anchor walls to floor and roof ( tie plates to floor joists/ diagonal bracing)
  2. Strengthening roof construction (plywood, metal straps)
61
Q

A bond beam cap of concrete on top of parapet walls. Concrete bond beams may also been added for strength ________ and between _____

A

Over windows and between second floors of multi story buildings

62
Q

URM;
In every ___ to ___ row of bricks, one row will be laid on end

A

Fourth to seventh

63
Q

Additional URM modifications may include;
Metal straps across the width of the roof and attach to opposing walls. The straps are usually ____ of the length of the building back from the front and rear walls

A

1/3

64
Q

Additional URM modifications may include; remove layers of composition and cover the sheathing with ____ plywood

A

1/2 plywood

65
Q

Exterior walls may suddenly collapse outward a distance that is _______ the height of the wall

A

Equal to at least

66
Q

URM modifications;
Metal straps may be found ___ to ___ ft from walls

A

3 to 4

67
Q

Vertical spread of fire through the walls is a possibility . However this is controlled by horizontal ______

A

Fire blocking

68
Q

The following 4 areas should be considered when confronted by facade construction

A
  1. Overhang
  2. Facade height
  3. Supported or unsupported
  4. Height from roof
69
Q

If a facade is exposed to fire , expect the facade to collapse outward at least_____

A

The distance of overhang

70
Q

These buildings were constructed during the 1920’s, 1930’s and 1940’s, and are primarily utilized in single family dwellings and multi-story habitational occupancies up to _____stories.

A

4

71
Q

A pair of wires suspended by ____ insulators and pass through ____ tubes.

A

Ceramic

72
Q

Curtain construction; depending on the particular method that is employed, curtain construction can be ____ % faster than conventional construction

A

60%

Book 29 (9 decks)

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