Building Blocks Of Nervous System

Question 1

what 2 systems make up the Nervous Syststem

Answer 1

CNS and PNS

Question 2

name’s the 2 nervous tissues

Answer 2

neurons and glial cells

Question 3

state the function of the neuron

Answer 3

nerve cell, functional unit of the nervous system, sends signals around the body

Question 4

state the function of the glial cells

Answer 4

the support cell, protects and provides immune funcionts to neurons

Question 5

name the structures of the neuron

Answer 5

dendrites, cell body, axon, mylin sheath and axon terminals

Question 6

name the properties of the neuron

Answer 6

irritability
conduct
receptors
consist of 3 parts
trains of impulses

Question 7

name the properties of the cell body (soma)

Answer 7

central nucleus
usual organelles
no centroides
Nissl bodies (cluster of free ribosomes)
cytoskeleton (microtubules/neurofilaments)

Question 8

list the properties of the axon

Answer 8

long, thin cylindrical projection
only 1 per neuron
specialised to conduct action potential
contains mitochondria and cytoskeletal proteins

Question 9

name the properties of neuroglia (glial cells)

Answer 9

the support cells to neurons
smaller than neurons though more numerous
DO NOT propogate action potentials
determine the flow of signals through neuronal circuit
modulate SYNAPTIC and NON SYNAPTIC transmission
divide and multiply
in disease…multiply to fill spaces previously occupied by neurons

Question 10

name the neuroglial cells in the CNS

Answer 10

astrocytes
microglial
ependymal
oligodendrocytes

Question 11

the functions of astrocytes

Answer 11

maintain chemical microenvironment
blood brain barrier
form scar tissue (after brain injury)
provide nutrients to neurons
take up excess neurotransmitters

Question 12

function of microglial cells

Answer 12

role in the immune response in the CNS
protects CNS by phagocytosis of invading microbes
clear away debris of dead cells

Question 13

the function of epindymal cell

Answer 13

epithelialn cells which line ventricles of the brain and central canal of spinal cordv
secretes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
cilia encourages movement of CSF
monitors composition of CSF
selectively permuable-allows exchange of fluid aand substancss across lining
barrier function

Question 14

function of oligodendrocytes cells

Answer 14

structural support (dcaffolding) to neurons
forms MYELIN SHEATH for some cells
foot process wraps around the cell to be MYELINATED

Question 15

name the 2 neuroglial cells in the PNS

Answer 15

Schwann and satelite

Question 16

the function of Schwann cells

Answer 16

only associated with one axonal segment
wraps spirrals around axons of neurons
collectively named mylin sheath

Question 17

the function of satelite cells

Answer 17

flattened cells arranged around cell body of neuron
regulate the chemical environment
involved in repair

Question 18

name the disorders of the nervous system

Answer 18

tumours
demyelination
dementia

Question 19

discuss tumours when in the brain

Answer 19

in the brain malignant and benign tumours can be equally serious
most are GLIOMAS
symptoms depend on the size, location and growth rate of tumour

Question 20

define demyelination

Answer 20

loss or destruction of myelin sheath which can lead to paralysis

Question 21

name the 2 conditions that can come from demyelination

Answer 21

multiple sclerosis and guiluane barre syndrome

Question 22

the effects of multiple sclerosis

Answer 22

progressive destruction of myelin sheath in CNS
autoimmune
affects vision, speech balance and coordination

Question 23

the effects of guiliane barre syndrome

Answer 23

immune response where microphages strip myelin sheath from axons in PNS

Question 24

define dementia and give an example

Answer 24

chronic disorder of behaviour and higher intellectual function eg, Alzheimer’s

Question 25

effects of dementia

Answer 25

confusion+memory loss
mood changes
lost ability to walk talk and eat
plaques and tangles
brain atrophy