Building Blocks of Language 1 Flashcards
What are the 6 classifications of nouns?
Common nouns Proper nouns Singular nouns Plural nouns Singular possessive Plural possessive
What are the eight parts of speech?
Noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition, conjunction, and interjection
IVAN CAPP
What is a noun?
Describes a person, place, thing, or state of being
Noun classifications:
Common nouns
Most nouns are common nouns and are capitalized only when the begin a sentence. Can be combined with function words such as: the, a, this, every
Noun classifications:
Proper nouns
These nouns are always capitalized. Names, days if the week, titles, months, institutions, holidays, etc.
Noun classifications:
Singular nouns
Names one person, place, or thing
Noun classifications:
Plural nouns
Names more than one person, place or thing. Generally adding -s will pluralize a noun, but students should be familiar with common types of irregular plurals
Noun classifications:
Singular possessive
Usually nouns become possessive by adding an apostrophe and the letter -s
Noun classifications:
Plural possessive
Possessive form of plural nouns.
What are the two main categories of verbs?
Action verbs and linking verbs
What are the three basic tenses if verbs?
Present, past, and future
What is the perfect form of a verb?
Indicates an action during an indefinite time period.
Ex. I have looked at the picture.
What is the progressive form of a verb?
Indicates ongoing action
Ex. I am looking at the picture.
What is perfect progressive form of a verb?
Indicates an ongoing action that will be completed at some definite time.
Ex. I have been looking at the picture.
What is a regular verb?
Those verbs whose past tense and past participles are formed by adding a -d or an -ed to the end. Sometimes the last consonant must be doubled
Ex. Bill–> billed
Plan–> planned
What is an irregular verb?
These verbs turn into very different words when conjugated. There are over 250 of them.
What is an adjective?
Gives more information about nouns. Generally answers questions like which? What kind? How many?
What can be used to make comparative or superlative statements?
Adjectives in conjunction with -er and more for comparative; -est and most for superlative
What are adverbs?
Adverbs modify verbs and answer questions like how? When? Where?
Ex. He fought swiftly and bravely.
What are interrogative adverbs?
They introduce questions. What? How? Where? Etc
Ex. What time does the show start?
What is a pronoun?
The take the place of a noun.
Ex. She, it, they, ours
What are the five types of pronouns?
Nominative: SHE went to the store. Objective: John drove HIM home. Reflexive: Lucy HERSELF made it. Possessive: Is the hat YOURS? Relative: This is the car WHICH I bought yesterday.
What is a nominative pronoun?
Used as subject of a verb or a sentence.
Ex. HE made lunch.
What is an objective pronoun?
Used as the object of a verb, sentence, or preposition
John asked HIM to go to the party.
What is a reflexive pronoun?
Used to direct action back to object.
I MYSELF will cut the cake.
What is a possessive pronoun?
Used to define possession of an object, person, or concept
Mine, yours, hers, his, its, ours, theirs
What is a relative pronoun?
Used to link one phrase or clause to another phrase or clause.
Who, whom, that, which, whoever, whomever, whichever
What is a preposition?
Introduces a noun, pronoun, phrase, or clause functioning in the sentence as a noun. The word or phrase the preposition introduces is its object.
Ex. We were UNDER the bridge.
What is a prepositional phrase?
They include the preposition and the object of the preposition as well as an modifiers to either. Usually tell when and where.
Ex. Meet me (at the bridge)(on lake pleasent)(in twenty minutes.)
What is a conjunction?
They link words, phrases, and clauses in a sentence. Three types are subordinating, coordinating, and correlative.
Coordinating conjunction
Joins two independent clauses and are known as the FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
I was hungry, SO I ate a taco.
Subordinating conjunction
Used at the beginning of a dependent clause to establish the relationship between the dependent clause and the rest of the sentence
We bought an umbrella because it was storming.
Correlative conjunction
Pairs words used to join various sentence elements that should be treated as grammatically equal: both/and, either/or, boy only/but also
It was NEITHER sunny NOR warm.
Phrase
A group of words that does not have either a subject or a verb and does not make sense by itself
Independent clause
Had a subject and a predicate, and can stand alone as a complete sentence
Dependent clause
Has a subject and a predicate but depends on an independent clause to be complete. They are introduced by subordinating conjunctions such as after, although, because, before, if, though, unless, until, when, etc
He did’t eat the taco although he knew it was delicious.
Interjections
Exclamatory phrases used to convey emotion.
Wow! That was some weather.
If a word has a plural form and can combine with a determiner such as “these”, what part of speech is it?
Noun
When a word answers questions such as Which? What kind? Or How many?, what part of speech is it?
Adjective
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and __________?
Adverbs
When are are the cardinal directions like capitalized?
When they indicate a region such as “the West”. Not capitalized if they are used to indicate bearing. He flew south.
