Building blocks of cells- Lecture 3

Question 1

What is macromolecule?

Answer 1

Is made up of smaller units called building blocks (or monomers) that are joined by covalent (chemically strong) bonds.

Question 2

What are the three building blocks and the corresponding polymeric macromolecules ?

Answer 2

• Amino acids form proteins
• Nucleobases form DNA and RNA
• Simple carbohydrates form complex carbohydrates

Question 3

One of the 4 macromolecules is different from the other 3?

Answer 3

Hydrocarbon rings form lipids. Are not linked through a polymer.

Question 4

Give example of a common building block (monomer) of carbohydrates?

Answer 4

Glucose.

Question 5

In what form are energy carbohydrates stored in animals and plants?

Answer 5

Starch

Question 6

List 3 functions of carbohydrates:

Answer 6

1. Recognition- Recognise other cells, bacterium and antibody.
2. Energy source- Glucose in our diet. When body digest it releases all the individual glucose monomers so that your body can use them to produce energy.
3. Structure??

Question 7

What are the function of proteins in our cells?

Answer 7

Cytochrome; carries electrons which takes place in the mitochondria which is the process that produces energy for your cells.
Catalytic

Question 8

What is the nucleotide made up of?

Answer 8

Phosphate
Base
Ribose sugar

Question 9

What is the function of nucleic acids?

Answer 9

information molecules, that contain information to tell a cell what to do.

Question 10

What bases are found in DNA and RNA

Answer 10

DNA- A,G,C,T
RNA- A,C,U,G
adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine and Uracil.

Question 11

What are the difference between RNA and DNA?

Answer 11

The DNA is a double-stranded molecule that has a long chain of nucleotides. The RNA is a single-stranded molecule which has a shorter chain of nucleotides. DNA replicates on its own, it is self-replicating. RNA does not replicate on its own.

Question 12

list 3 functions of lipids:

Answer 12

1. structural-Lipids are present in every cell of the human body and are the main part of the cellular membrane.
2. regulator
3. energy- stores energy

Question 13

what lipid can be found in the cell membrane

Answer 13

Phospholipid

Cholesterol

Question 14

what are the two lipids derived from cholesterol

Answer 14

Testosterone and estrogen.

Question 15

What is the cycle of how DNA creates proteins:

Answer 15

Genetic information is stored in our cells in the form of DNA. The DNA is passed via messenger molecule (mRNA), which is then used as a set of instructions to make proteins.

Question 16

How are macromolecules formed?

Answer 16

Macromolecules are formed by polymerisation of the building blocks. Because the individual building blocks are joined together by a linear fashion.