Building Blocks II: Proteins Flashcards
General Properties of proteins
- Complex polypeptides
- Structures affects functions
- Binding pockets
- Physical strength
- Energy
- Flexibility
Classifications of proteins by its functions
- Storage/ Nutrients (SD)
- Defence (SD)
- Enzymes (ES)
- Structural (ES)
- Transport (TR)
- Receptors/ Regulatory (TR)
How are proteins exploitable through therapy?
Disease manifestations reasons
- Excessive function (Amyloids, Alzheimers)
- Reduced function ( Insulin resistance)
Can be manipulated exogenously
- Replacement of proteins
- Inhibition of activity
What are enzymes?
- Catalytic activities
- Can have endogenous or exogenous substrates
Classification of enymes
- Oxidoreductases
- Transferases
- Hydrolases
- Lysases “Synthases”
- Isomerases
- Ligases “Synthases”
What is hypercholesterolemia?
Therapeutic targets
- Excessive blood cholesterol
- Statins are used to inhibit HMG CoA reductase
- HMG CoA reductase forms cholesterol
What are transport proteins?
Therapeutic targets
- Transports gases, nutrients, chemicals
- Transports proteins through compartments
- E.g Haemoglobin transports oxygen, Calcium channels are ion channets, Nutrients are Glucose transport channels (GLUT)
What is a proton pump inhibitor?
Therapeutic targets
- Parietal cells has a transport pump H+/K+ ATPase
- Inhibitors bind to these pumps and prevents stomach hyperacidity
What are regulatory proteins?
Therapeutic targets
- Regulates cellular activities
- Ligands/Receptors “Sensors”
- Transcription factors “Synthesis”
- Chaperones “Maturation” or proper folding
- Lysosomal or Proteasomal proteins (Degradation)
What is a Histamine-1 receptor and what does it do.
Therapeutic targets
- Acts as a receptor/sensor
- Activates symptoms of allergies
- Anti histamines competes with histamines for binding sites, reduces cell signalling
- Prevents allergy symptoms
What protein types are therapeutic targets
- Enzymes
- Transport
- Regulatory
What protein types are therapeutic agents
- Ligands
- Antibodies
- Peptidomimetics
What is insulin?
- Type of ligand
- Supplements host insulin in maintaing blood sugar levels.
- For type I diabetes mellitus
What is an example of antibodies?
- HER2 antibodies
- Cell surface protein used in regulating growth
- Overexpressed in cancerous states
- Herceptin binds and inhibits these activities
What are the limitations of proteins drugs designs?
- Short half-lives
- Can’t administer orally
