Building Analysis

Question 1

Electromagnetic Distance Measurement (EDM)

Answer 1

Laser-based instrument with onboard computer to measure distance to reflective prism target. Accurate to 1/64” at 1600 ft. Requires knowledgable operator and two people.

Question 2

Reflectorless Electromagnetic Distance Measurement (REDM)

Answer 2

No reflective prism target. Only accurate to 1/8” at 100 ft.

Question 3

Rectified Photography

Answer 3

Uses digital cameras to photograph facades without perspective distortion. Dimensions can be scaled from it.

Question 4

Orthophotography

Answer 4

Similar to rectified photography but uses computer software to correct for optical distortion.

Question 5

Photogrammetry

Answer 5

Surveying with photography and software to make an accurate 3D model. Requires trained technicians. Stereophotogrammetry overlaps 2 photos. Convergent photogrammetry uses multiple photos of an object taken at different angles.

Question 6

Laser Scanning

Answer 6

Maps 3D points on a surface that results in a point cloud. No surveyed reference points are required like with photogrammetry. All info is gathered from a single point. Accuracy ranging from 0.05% to 0.01%.

Question 7

4 Historic treatment approaches

Answer 7

Most historically accurate to least:

1. Preservation: retain all historic fabric and respect changes
2. Rehabilitation: emphasizes retention and repair of historic materials but allows replacement if property is deteriorated as well as new materials and technologies to improve the usefullness or efficiency of the building. Ex: adaptive reuse
3. Restoration: Retain materials from most significant time period of building while allowing removal of materials from other periods
4. Reconstruction: Allows recreation of a non-surviving site, landscape, building, structure, or object in new materials

Question 8

Secretary of the Interior Standards for Rehabilitation

Answer 8

Required for with the Federal Historic Preservation Tax Incentives program. To be applied in a reasonable manner taking into account economic and technical feasibility.

Question 9

National Park Service Guidelines for Restoration

Answer 9

Differences: Designs that were never historically executed shall not be constructed. Changes from non-significant historical time periods may be documented and removed. Replacement of significant features shall be documented by evidence.

Question 10

Treatment of masonry in historic buildings

Answer 10

1. Identify, Retain and Preserve (unique features from restoration period to be identified and not altered or uncovered)
2. Protect and Maintain (provide proper drainage if lacking, clean/remove paint gently and only if deteriorating, do testing first)
3. Repair (masonry and mortar may be patched, repaired or replaced if signs of deterioration, looseness, other damage. Hand-raking - no electric saws or hammers.
4. Replace (replace with reproduction if damage is beyond repair)
5. Remove features from other historic periods (Remove and store objects and materials for future research)
6. Recreate Missing Features (if entirely missing, feature may be recreated based on physical or documentary evidence - last resort)

Question 11

of BTU’s in a Ton

Answer 11

12,000 BTU = 1 Ton

Question 12

Historic Preservation Standards (SoI)

Answer 12

-Sustain the existing form, integrity, and materials of a historic property.
-Protect and stabilize the property, generally focusing on the ongoing maintenance and repair
of historic materials and features rather than extensive replacement and new construction.
-The limited and sensitive upgrading of MEP and other code-required work to make properties functional is appropriate within a preservation project.
-New exterior additions are not within the scope of this treatment.
-The Standards for Preservation require retention of the greatest amount of historic fabric along with the building’s historic form.

Question 13

Historic Rehabilitation Standards (SoI)

Answer 13

Making possible a compatible use for a property through repair, alterations, and additions while preserving those portions or features which convey its historical, cultural,
or architectural values. The Rehabilitation Standards acknowledge the need to alter or add to a historic building to meet continuing or new uses while retaining the building’s historic character.

Question 14

Historic Restoration Standards (SoI)

Answer 14

-Accurately depicting the form, features, and character of a property as it appeared at a particular period of time by means of the removal of features from other periods in its
history and reconstruction of missing features from the restoration period.
-The limited and sensitive upgrading of MEP systems and other code-required work to make properties functional
is appropriate within a restoration project.
-The Restoration Standards allow for the depiction of a building at a particular time in its history by preserving materials, features, finishes, and spaces from its period
of significance and removing those from other periods.

Question 15

Historic Reconstruction Standards (SoI)

Answer 15

-Depicting, by means of new construction, the form, features, and detailing of a non-surviving site, landscape, building, structure, or object for the purpose of replicating
its appearance at a specific period of time and in its historic location.
-The Reconstruction Standards establish a limited framework for recreating a vanished or non-surviving building with new materials, primarily for interpretive purposes.