Building 2 Flashcards
what are the different types of cement?
Type GP (general purpose Portland cement) Type GB (general Purpose Blended cement) Type HE (high early strength cement) Type LH (low heat cement) Type SR (sulphate Resisting Cement) Type SL (Shrinkage Limited Cement)
Most commonly used are Type GP and Type GB
• What is a concrete slump test and core test?
the concrete slump test measures the consistency of fresh concrete before it sets. It is performed to check the workability of freshly made concrete, and therefore the ease with which concrete flows.
Concrete core testing
is a method in obtaining and testing the strength of drilled cores and sawed beams of concrete. Cores are extracted from hardened in-place concrete primarily to measure in-place concrete strength.
tested for the quality of the concrete in the construction, known as actual strength
the ultimate capacity of the structure to carry the imposed loads; actual loads, design loads, and new additional loads.
the deterioration in a structure due to overloading, fatigue
• What is the difference between low slump concrete and high slump concrete?
slump is a measurement of the workability of consistency of concrete. In other words, it measures how easy the concrete is to push, mold and smooth out.
low slump concrete is a mixture of concrete with a low amount of water therefore the lower the slump
conversely, high slump concrete has a higher amount of water, therefore, has more flow
• Which slump is more suitable for high rise construction?
high slump because it is easier to flow up to the levels
• How does weather influence the placement and setting of concrete?
hot or windy weather may stiffen the concrete to quickly and may make it not workable
In cold weather – frozen or very cold water will also slow down the setting time which can cause delays
• How long does concrete take to cure in order to reach 100% strength and what is the 28 day myth?
the common belief is that concrete takes 28 days to cure and reach 100% of its strength
• What are the relevant Australian Standards for high rise reinforced concrete construction?
AS 2327.1:2003 – composite structures, part 1 simply supported Beams
AS 3600:2001 – concrete Structures
AS/NZS 4671:2001 – Steel Reinforcing Materials
AS 1554.3: 2002 Part 3 – welding of reinforcement
AS/NZS 1170 – Structural Design Actions : (Loading Code)
• Hint: To find the relevant Australian Standards, look in the WSU library website > resources tab > e-resources > click on S > Standards On-line Premium (SAI Global). This will take you to the complete digital library of the digitised Australian Standards.
• What is the difference between a hot rolled section and a cold formed section?
hot rolling is a mill process which involves rolling the steel at a high temperature. It is at a temperature where the steel can recrystallise, therefore , the steel can be shaped and formed easily, and the steel can be made in much larger sizes.
cold formed steel
Cold-formed steel (CFS) members are made from structural quality sheet steel that are formed into C-sections and other shapes by roll forming the steel through a series of dies. No heat is required to form the shapes (unlike hot-rolled steel), hence the name cold-formed steel. A variety of steel thicknesses are available to meet a wide range of structural and non-structural applications.
• What are the commonly used structural steel sections in beams and columns?
I-beam
to handle maximum bending load while using the least of material
• What are some common types of fire protection available for structural steel members in Australia?
intumescent paint
gypsum board
sprayed on board
water filled steel tubes
• What are the 6 key considerations when hiring a crane? (Week 7 folder on vUWS “Crane Hire Checklist Guide”)
site planning engineering of base installation and commissioning transport operator training maintenance & servicing Dismantling
• What are the benefits of a permanent onsite crane compared to a mobile crane for
high rise construction?
more efficient in work and financial
keeps the site more tidier, therefore, less hazards
reducing the timeframe of cranes reduce neighbourhood disruption
able to move materials more quickly
What are the licensing and RMS requirements for the operation and transportation of mobile cranes in NSW?
A self-erecting tower crane requires a licensed operator with a CS class certificate of competency. A tower crane requires a licensed operator with a CT class certificate of competency
• Which types of earthmoving machinery is required for the Albury project from start to finish?
Excavator, roller, bulldozer, grader, dump trucks
• What are the various types of tower cranes (for high rise projects) including their advantages and disadvantages?
strut boom – truck mounted, crawler mounted
- telescopic boom – rough terrain and track mounted
Electric luffing
Ram – luffing crane
Rope luffing crane
Self-erecting
top slewing
• What is a rise and fall clause in a construction contract and how does this influence the overall price?
Rise and fall clauses – an option is to include the price adjustment in a fixed price contract. Such a clause enables the contract prices to be adjusted when there is a shift in price for a particular material, such as steel or cement
Any price adjustment or rise and fall clause will have to be carefully drafted with the increase in contract price based on a formula, which will require disclosure of the contracted price of the material with the actual cost. Actual increases will need to be substantiated
• What is the Securities of Payment Act (SOPA), how does it work and what is the notification method/period? https://www.fairtrading.nsw.gov.au/trades-and-businesses/construction-and-trade-essentials/security-of-payment
securities of payment is a payment requirement within the building industry, that principals, head contractors, subcontractors and suppliers must follow. All contractors doing construction work or providing goods or services as part of construction work under a construction contract, have the right to receive ‘progress payments’ for work delivered
• What are the various types of insurance policies applicable to the Albury warehouse project from a client’s perspective?
public liability, workers compensation