Build Up To & The Civil War 1640-1649 Flashcards
When did the long parliament assemble?
November 1640
When was the triennial act introduced and what did it mean?
February 1641
Laid down obligation for Charles to call a parliament at least once every 3 years
When was Stratford put on trial?
1641
But to be found guilty of treason, he would have to be tried in the House of Lords
King assured him no harm would come to him
Parliament began Stratford’s trial March 22nd 1641
Why was Strafford put on trial?
- He had committed treason by creating division between the King and his government
- The protection argued that his actions added up to an attempt to rule the kingdom by force
What accusations were made against Strafford?
- Making excessive profits from the customs in Ireland
Knowing the House of Lords were unlikely to find Strafford guilty what act was passed?
Parliament passed the act of attainder against Strafford
Only requires a suspicion of guilt, as long as it was passed by both Houses and signed by the monarch, no trial was required
How did Pym ensure the act of attainder was passed?
Pym revealed the existence of a plot by Catholic army officers, with support from the king were plotting to release Strafford and dissolve parliament by force this became known as the first army plot
An angry mob surrounded Parliament and Charles was compelled to sign Strafford’s death warrant
What else did Pym secure without Charles’ consent?
Another act against the dissolution of this Parliament
Why did many of Charles’ advisors leave court?
To ensure there were no further threats to Parliament, they threatened to impeach any sheriff/customs officer who collected tonnage and poundage or ship money
What constitutional changes did Pym push for?
June 1641, pushed for abolition of the prerogative courts and ship money
What did the opposition request in the ten propositions?
Drew up ten propositions to be considered by the king before he left for Scotland to make peace with
- significant extension of parliamentary power such as the right to approve the king’s advisors and measures to protect themselves against royal vengeance
When was the grand remonstrance and what was demanded in it?
22nd November 1641
Pym sent a document known was the grand remonstrance which asserted what had been included in the ten propositions
Pym also demanded the following:
- Parliament were to control the kings ministers
- Bishops and catholic peers were to be excluded from the house of lords
What happened with the 5 members?
4th January 1642, the king attempted to arrest 5 leading members of Parliament (by impeaching them)
Charles entered Parliament an demanded the speaker point out the 5 members
They had already slipped out of the chamber, at a safe house in the city
Charles left Parliament empty handed
Why did Charles initially have an advantage at the beginning of the civil war?
1642-43
Charles had the advantage, controlled much of the country and benefitted from the support of the rich
Had experienced fighters and control of the officer corps
When did Charles royalist forces gain an advantage?
Battle of Edgehill
October 1642
How did Parliament gain an advantage and when?
1643 — Pym introduced an excise tax to fund the parliamentarians
Late 1643 — Pym persuaded Parliament to sign a solemn league and covenant with Scottish forces - to help parliaments forces in the north
What battle did Parliament win and when?
July 1644
Battle of Marsden moor
When was laud executed?
January 1645
What motion was presented to Parliament? And when?
For a self denying ordinance, whereby all parliamentarian military leaders would give up their orders to create on big ‘model army’ so an army of 22,000 was created led by Thomas Fairfax
What battle did the new model army win and when?
June 1645
Battle of Naseby, due to its training, discipline and leadership
When did Charles surrender to the Scottish?
April 1646
When did England offer Charles a deal?
July 1646
Newcastle propositions — parliament nominating key officers of state, controlling the militia for 20 years & the abolishment of bishops/creation of Presbyterian church or 3 years
Why was Charles handed over to the English & when?
Feb 1647
He took his time negotiating a deal with the Scottish
Where was Charles held under supervision? And when?
June 1647
Held at Hampton court under army supervision
When did Charles escape?
October 1647
What did Charles agree with the Scottish after escaping?
He agreed to a Presbyterian Church in England for 3 years in return for Scottish military assistance
What was decided by parliament in January 1648?
Parliament voted to hold no more negotiations with Charles
When did the Scottish (who were in support of Charles) enter England?
April 1648
When were the Scottish defeated and by who?
August 1648, defeated by Cromwell
What was presented to the House of Commons by who in November 1648?
Army presented a grand remonstrance to the HoC demanding Charles be brought to justice
Cromwell — Charles betrayed his country in the eyes of God by renewing the war in 1648
When did Charles’ trial begin?
10th January 1649
When was Charles executed?
30th January 1649
