Personal Rule - 1625-1640 Flashcards
What financial initiatives did Charles introduce to improve the crown? - spain
- Charles signed treaty of Madrid in 1630, ending hostilities with Spain
- Reduced his annual spending on war from £500,000 between 1625-1629 to less than £70,000 in the 1630’s
What financial initiatives did Charles introduce to improve the crown? - ship money
- Established an annual levy of ship money across the country
- Was eventually worth about £200,00 a year to the exchequer
- Became an annual tax in 1634
What financial initiatives did Charles introduce to improve the crown? - monopoly
Revived the practice of selling monopoly licences, which would give one individual or company the right to dominate production of certain products, claiming it would improve supply and quality
- Monopoly of soap in 1634
What financial initiatives did Charles introduce to improve the crown? - tonnage and poundage
Added new impositions to the tonnage and poundage and revived a number of feudal payments such as fines for building on royal forests
How would these financial initiatives worsen relations between crown and parliament?
Annual tax on ship money meant that it would provide Charles with regular income, meaning he would not be financially dependent on Parliament - he would have more power over them, meaning he could rule as monarch without threat or challenge
Which denomination opposed Charles’ financial and religious reforms?
Puritans
Which denomination did Charles decide to promote many from?
Arminian
What did Laud insist on with regards to the clergy?
Insisted in the conformity of the clergy
What did Charles and Laud demand?
- Decoration of the Churches
- Strict adherence to rules
- Formality in place of Puritan emphasis on individual prayer and preaching
What happened to ministers who opposed these changes?
Dissenting ministers were punished by the star chamber
What changes were implemented?
- Organs were installed
- Fonts were decorated
- Statues and colour returned
- Communion table moved from centre of the congregation to the east side of the Church
What was forbidden for Puritan gentry members?
Buying up the right to appoint the local minister or right to collect tithes that formed his salary
Who did Charles welcome and why was this a threat?
Charles welcomed ambassador from the Pope in 1635
Shared love of art - close relationship
Posed a threat as Parliament were worried about the growth of Catholic influence
What did John Hampden to?
1636 - refused to pay ship money and initiated a legal challenge
What was the outcome of the case?
Judges in the court found in the King’s favour - had ears cut off
