Bugs & their infections (non viral) Flashcards
1
Q
Meningitis, OM, pneumonia, sinusitis (MOPS) = Most OPtochin Sensitive
rusty sputum, sepsis in sickle cell pt, splenectomy
A
Strep pneumo
2
Q
2nd most common cause uncomplicated UTI in young female
A
Staph saprophyticus
3
Q
of prostheses & i.v. catheters via biofilm
part of skin NF, contaminates blood cultures
A
Staph epidermidis
4
Q
skin infection, abscess, pneumonia, endocarditis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, toxic shock, scalded skin syndrome, non blood diarrhea + emesis, methicillin resistant
A
Staph aureus
5
Q
pulmonary infection in immunocompromised
cutaneous infection post trauma
A
Nocardia
6
Q
oral NF, oral/facial abscess - sinus tract drainage with yellow sulfur granules
A
Actinomyces
7
Q
endotoxin: amnionitis, septicemia, spont abortion, granulomatosis infantiseptica, neonatal meningitis, meningitis in immunocompromised, mild gastroenteritis
A
Listeria monocytogenes
8
Q
Bacillus anthracis
A
Cutaneous or pulmonary infection
9
Q
Bacillus cereus
A
Food poisoning (reheated rice syndrome)
10
Q
Clostridium botulinum
A
botulism
11
Q
Clostridium difficile
A
antibiotic associated colitis
12
Q
Clostridium perfringens
A
gas gangrene
13
Q
Clostridium tetani
A
tetanus
14
Q
Coxiella burnetti
A
Q fever
15
Q
pseudomembrane pharyngitis, LAD, myocarditis, arrhythmias
A
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
16
Q
bacteremia, subacute endocarditis, assoc. with colon CA
A
Strep bovis (group D), S. gallolyticus
17
Q
NF of colon
UTI, biliary tract infection, subacute endocarditis
vancomycin resistant = nosocomial infection
A
Enterococci (group D strep): E. faecalis, E. faecium
18
Q
colonizes vagina
pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis
mostly in babies
A
Strep agalactiae (group B)
19
Q
pharyngitis, cellulitis, impetigo, erysipelas, scarlet fever, toxic shock-like syndrome, necrotizing fasciitis, rheumatic fever, AGN
A
Strep pyogenes (group A)
20
Q
NF oropharyn (Strep mutans): dental caries strep sanguinis: subacute bacterial endocarditis @ damaged valves
A
Viridans group streptococci
21
Q
TB often resistant to many drugs
A
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
22
Q
disseminated non TB disease in AIDS
A
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (complex)
23
Q
cervical LAD in kids
A
Mycobacterium scrofulaceum
24
Q
hand infection in aquarium handlers
A
Mycobacterium marinum
25
Leprosy (Hansen disease): Lepromatous form & tuberculoid form
Mycobacterium leprae
26
gonorrhea, septic arthritis, neonatal conjunctivitis, PID, Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome
Neisseria gonococci
27
meningococcemia, meningitis, Waterhouse Friedrichsen syndrome
Neisseria meningococci
28
most common cause of OM, conjunctivitis, bronchitis
NTHi strains
29
epiglottitis, meningitis, OM, pneumonia
haEMOPhilus
30
hyponatremia, Legionnaires' disease, Pontiac fever
Legionella pneumophila
31
Pneumonia, Sepsis, otitis Externa, UTI, Drug use, Diabetes, Osteomyelitis, ecthyma gangrenosum (bacteremia) in immunocompromised
wound infection in burn pt.
chronic pneumonia in cystic fibrosis pt.
hot tub folliculitis
PSEUDOmonas aeruginosa
32
cystitis, pyelonephritis, pneumonia, neonatal meningitis, septic shock
E. coli
33
dysentery
EIEC
34
traveler's diarrhea (watery)
ETEC
35
diarrhea, usually in peds.
EPEC
36
hemolytic uremic syndrome (anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure)
dysentery
EHEC
37
lobar pneumonia (aspiration) in alcoholics & diabetics
currant jelly sputum
nosocomial UTI
abscess in lungs & liver
Klebsiella pneumonia
38
blood diarrhea
| antecedent to Guillan Barre & reactive arthritis
Campylobacter jejuni
39
constipation followed by diarrhea
| typhoid fever
Salmonella typhi
40
bloody diarrhea
| gastroenteritis
Salmonella spp. (except S. typhi)
41
blood diarrhea (bacillary dysentery)
Shigella
42
profuse rice water diarrhea
Vibrio cholerae
43
acute diarrhea
| pseudoappendicitis: mesenteric adenitis, terminal ileitis
Yersinia enterocolitica
44
gastritis, peptic ulcers (esp duodenal)
| risk for peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarinoma, MALT lymphoma
Helicobacter pylori
45
Leptospirosis: flu-like, myalgias (esp. calves), jaundice, photophobia, conjunctival suffusion (erythema without exudate)
Weil disease/icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis: severe form with jaundice & azotemia from liver & kidney dysfunction, fever, hemorrhage, anemia
Leptospira interrogans
46
Lyme disease: erythema chronicum migrans, flu-like, +- facial n. palsy, monoarthritis, migratory polyarthritis, cardiac AV node block, meningitis, polyneuropathy
Borrelia burgdorferi
47
painless chancre, disseminated, maculopap rash, condylomata lata, gummas, aortitis, tabes dorsalis, Argyll Robertson pupil, broad based ataxia, Charcot joint, stroke w/o HTN
facial abnormalities: rhagades, snuffles, saddle nose, Hutchinson teeth, mulberry molars, short maxilla
saber shins, CN8 deafness
Syphilis: Treponema pallidum
48
Anaplasmosis
Anaplasma (from Ixodes tick)
49
Cat scratch disease
| Bacillary angiomatosis
Bartonella spp.
50
Lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
51
Relapsing fever
Borrelia recurrentis (via louse)
52
Brucellosis/undulant fever
Brucella spp. (via unpasteurized dairy)
53
bloody diarrhea via puppies, undercooked meat
Campylobacter
54
Psittacosis via parrots
Chlamydophila psittaci
55
Q fever via aerosols of sheep/cattle amniotic fluids
Coxiella burnetii
56
Ehrlichoiosis via ambylomma lone star tick
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
57
Tularemia via ticks, rabbits, deer fly
Francisella tularensis
58
Leptospirosis via animal urine
Leptospira spp.
59
Leprosy via humans with LL or armadillo
Mycobacterium leprae
60
Cellulitis or osteomyelitis via animal bite (cat, dog)
Pasteurella multocida
61
Epidemic typhus via louse
Rickettsia prowazekii
62
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever via Dermacentor (dog tick)
Rickettsia rickettsii
63
Endemic typhus via fleas
Rickettsia typhi
64
Diarrhea (may be bloody), vomit, fever, abd cramps via reptiles & poultry
Salmonella
65
plaque via fleas (rat & prairie dog reservoirs)
Yersinia pestis
66
Bacterial vaginosis- fishy smell (pos Whiff), non painful, gray vaginal discharge, not sexually transmitted, clue cells
Gardnerella vaginalis
67
Rocky Mountain spotted fever: rash (palms, soles), HA, fever (vasculitis)
Rickettsia rickettsii
| Rickettsii on wRists
68
rash starts centrally and spreads out, spares palms & soles
Typhus: R. typhi (endemic, fleas) or R. prowazekii (epidemic, louse)
Typhus on the Trunk
69
Q fever: pneumonia, culture neg endocarditis
Coxiella burnetii
70
reactive arthritis, follicular conjunctivitis, nongonococcal urethritis, PID
Chlamydia trachomatis
71
atypical 'walking' pneumonia
Chlamydia pneumoniae or Chlamydial psittaci
72
Chlamydia trachomatis types A-C
chronic, blindness d/o to follicular conjunctivitis in Africa
73
Chlamydia trachomatis types D-K
urethritis/PID, ectopic pregnancy, neonatal pneumonia (staccato cough) with eosinophilia, neonatal conjunctivitis
74
Chlamydia trachomatis types L1-L3
Lymphogranuloma venereum: small painless ulcers on genitals - swollen, painful inguinal LN that ulcerate (buboes)
75
Histoplasmosis
Systemic mycoses, causes pneumonia, can disseminate
76
Blastomycosis
systemic mycoses, causes inflam lung disease, disseminates to bone & skin
77
Coccidioidomycosis
pneumonia & meningitis, disseminate to bone & skin, erythema nodosum, arthralgias
78
Paracoccidioidomycosis
pneumonia, disseminates, granulomas
| Latin America
79
head, scalp, alopecia, LAD, scaling
Tinea capitis
| Microsporum or Trichophyton
80
smooth skin, erythematous scaling rings, central clearing
Tinea corporis
Trichophyton, epidermophyton, microsporum
81
inguinal area, no central clearing, cutaneous fungal infection
Tinea cruris
Microsporum, epidermophyton, trichophyton
82
interdigital cutaneous fungal infection
| moccasin distribution or vesicular type
Tinea pedis
microsporum, epidermophyton, trichophyton
83
cutaneous fungal infection of nails
Tinea unguium (onychomycosis)
epidermophyton, trichophyton
84
Tinea versicolor: hypopigmentation/pink patches
Malassezia furfur (not a dermatophyte)
85
systemic or superficial fungal infection
oral/esophageal thrush in immunocompromised (opportunistic)
vulvovaginitis, diaper rash, endocarditis (IVDU), disseminated to any organ
chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
Candida albicans
86
invasive aspergillosis esp immunocompromised & with chronic granulomatous disease
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: assoc w/ asthma, cystic fibrosis - may cause bronchiectasis & eosinophilia
Aspergillomas in lung cavities esp after TB
aflatoxins assoc with hepatocellular carcinoma
Aspergillus fumigatus
87
cryptococcal meningitis, cryptococcosis
| hematogenous dissemination to meninges
Cryptococcus neoformans
88
Mucormycosis mostly in ketoacidotic diabetic or neutropenics (leukemia)
Rhinocerebral, frontal lobe abscess
cavernous sinus thrombosis- HA, facial pain, black eschar on face, CN involvement possible
Mucor & Rhizopus spp.
89
Sporotrichosis: local pustule/ulcer + nodules along draining lymphatics (ascending lymphangiitis)
dissemination possible in immunocompromised
'Rose gardener's disease'
Sporothrix schenckii
90
Giardiasis: bloat, flatulence, foul smell, fatty diarrhea
Giardia lamblia
91
Amebiasis: bloody diarrhea (dysentery), liver abscess (anchovy paste exudate), RUQ pain
Entamoeba histolytica
92
severe diarrhea in AIDS pt
| mild watery diarrhea in immunocompetent
Cryptosporidium
93
Congenital toxoplasmosis: chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications
reactivation in AIDS - brain abscess
Toxoplasma gondii
94
rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis
Naegleria fowleri
95
African sleeping sickness: LAD, recurring fever, somnolence, coma
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense or gambiense
96
Malaria: fever, HA, anemia, splenomegaly
Plasmodium vivax, falciparum, malariae protozoans
97
Babesiosis: fever & hemolytic anemia
Babesia protozoan
98
Chagas: dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, megaesophagus
| acute if periorbital unilat swelling
Trypanosoma cruzi
99
Visceral leishmaniasis: spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia
Leishmania donavani
100
Vaginits: foul smell, green discharge, itch, burn
Trichomonas vaginalis
101
anal pruritus + intestinal infection
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) - Nematode
102
intestinal infection with possible obstruction at ileocecal valve
Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - Nematode
103
intestinal infection: vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain
Strongyloides stercoralis
104
intestinal infection - anemia
Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus (hookworms) - Nematodes
105
intestinal infection, muscle inflam
| Trichnosis: fever, vomit, nausea, periorbital edema, myalgia
Trichinella spiralis
106
hyperpigmented skin, river blindness, possible allergic rxn to microfilaria
Onchocerca volvulus - Nematode
107
swelling of skin, worm in conjunctiva
Loa loa
108
elephantiasis
Wuchereria bancrofti
109
visceral larva migrans
Toxocara canis
110
intestinal infection via ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork
or ingest eggs causing cysticercosis or neurocysticercosis
Taenia solium
111
vit B12 deficiency - megaloblastic anemia
Diphyllobothrium latum
112
hydatid cysts in liver, anaphylaxis if Ag released
Echinococcus granulosus
113
liver & spleen enlargement (portal HTN), fibrosis, inflammation
Schistosoma mansoni
114
chronic, squamous cell carcinoma of bladder (painless hematuria), pulm HTN
Schistosoma haematobium
115
biliary tract inflammation leading to pigmented gallstones, assoc with cholangiocarcinoma
Clonorchis sinensis
