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Boards Micro > Bugs & their infections (non viral) > Flashcards

Bugs & their infections (non viral) Flashcards

1
Q

Meningitis, OM, pneumonia, sinusitis (MOPS) = Most OPtochin Sensitive
rusty sputum, sepsis in sickle cell pt, splenectomy

A

Strep pneumo

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2
Q

2nd most common cause uncomplicated UTI in young female

A

Staph saprophyticus

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3
Q

of prostheses & i.v. catheters via biofilm

part of skin NF, contaminates blood cultures

A

Staph epidermidis

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4
Q

skin infection, abscess, pneumonia, endocarditis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, toxic shock, scalded skin syndrome, non blood diarrhea + emesis, methicillin resistant

A

Staph aureus

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5
Q

pulmonary infection in immunocompromised

cutaneous infection post trauma

A

Nocardia

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6
Q

oral NF, oral/facial abscess - sinus tract drainage with yellow sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces

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7
Q

endotoxin: amnionitis, septicemia, spont abortion, granulomatosis infantiseptica, neonatal meningitis, meningitis in immunocompromised, mild gastroenteritis

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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8
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

Cutaneous or pulmonary infection

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9
Q

Bacillus cereus

A

Food poisoning (reheated rice syndrome)

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10
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

botulism

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11
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

antibiotic associated colitis

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12
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A

gas gangrene

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13
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

tetanus

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14
Q

Coxiella burnetti

A

Q fever

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15
Q

pseudomembrane pharyngitis, LAD, myocarditis, arrhythmias

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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16
Q

bacteremia, subacute endocarditis, assoc. with colon CA

A

Strep bovis (group D), S. gallolyticus

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17
Q

NF of colon
UTI, biliary tract infection, subacute endocarditis
vancomycin resistant = nosocomial infection

A

Enterococci (group D strep): E. faecalis, E. faecium

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18
Q

colonizes vagina
pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis
mostly in babies

A

Strep agalactiae (group B)

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19
Q

pharyngitis, cellulitis, impetigo, erysipelas, scarlet fever, toxic shock-like syndrome, necrotizing fasciitis, rheumatic fever, AGN

A

Strep pyogenes (group A)

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20
Q 
NF oropharyn (Strep mutans): dental caries
strep sanguinis: subacute bacterial endocarditis @ damaged valves
A

Viridans group streptococci

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21
Q

TB often resistant to many drugs

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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22
Q

disseminated non TB disease in AIDS

A

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (complex)

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23
Q

cervical LAD in kids

A

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum

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24
Q

hand infection in aquarium handlers

A

Mycobacterium marinum

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25
Q

Leprosy (Hansen disease): Lepromatous form & tuberculoid form

A

Mycobacterium leprae

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26
Q

gonorrhea, septic arthritis, neonatal conjunctivitis, PID, Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome

A

Neisseria gonococci

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27
Q

meningococcemia, meningitis, Waterhouse Friedrichsen syndrome

A

Neisseria meningococci

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28
Q

most common cause of OM, conjunctivitis, bronchitis

A

NTHi strains

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29
Q

epiglottitis, meningitis, OM, pneumonia

A

haEMOPhilus

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30
Q

hyponatremia, Legionnaires’ disease, Pontiac fever

A

Legionella pneumophila

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31
Q

Pneumonia, Sepsis, otitis Externa, UTI, Drug use, Diabetes, Osteomyelitis, ecthyma gangrenosum (bacteremia) in immunocompromised
wound infection in burn pt.
chronic pneumonia in cystic fibrosis pt.
hot tub folliculitis

A

PSEUDOmonas aeruginosa

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32
Q

cystitis, pyelonephritis, pneumonia, neonatal meningitis, septic shock

A

E. coli

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33
Q

dysentery

A

EIEC

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34
Q

traveler’s diarrhea (watery)

A

ETEC

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35
Q

diarrhea, usually in peds.

A

EPEC

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36
Q

hemolytic uremic syndrome (anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure)
dysentery

A

EHEC

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37
Q

lobar pneumonia (aspiration) in alcoholics & diabetics
currant jelly sputum
nosocomial UTI
abscess in lungs & liver

A

Klebsiella pneumonia

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38
Q

blood diarrhea

antecedent to Guillan Barre & reactive arthritis

A

Campylobacter jejuni

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39
Q

constipation followed by diarrhea

typhoid fever

A

Salmonella typhi

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40
Q

bloody diarrhea

gastroenteritis

A

Salmonella spp. (except S. typhi)

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41
Q

blood diarrhea (bacillary dysentery)

A

Shigella

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42
Q

profuse rice water diarrhea

A

Vibrio cholerae

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43
Q

acute diarrhea

pseudoappendicitis: mesenteric adenitis, terminal ileitis

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

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44
Q

gastritis, peptic ulcers (esp duodenal)

risk for peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarinoma, MALT lymphoma

A

Helicobacter pylori

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45
Q

Leptospirosis: flu-like, myalgias (esp. calves), jaundice, photophobia, conjunctival suffusion (erythema without exudate)
Weil disease/icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis: severe form with jaundice & azotemia from liver & kidney dysfunction, fever, hemorrhage, anemia

A

Leptospira interrogans

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46
Q

Lyme disease: erythema chronicum migrans, flu-like, +- facial n. palsy, monoarthritis, migratory polyarthritis, cardiac AV node block, meningitis, polyneuropathy

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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47
Q

painless chancre, disseminated, maculopap rash, condylomata lata, gummas, aortitis, tabes dorsalis, Argyll Robertson pupil, broad based ataxia, Charcot joint, stroke w/o HTN
facial abnormalities: rhagades, snuffles, saddle nose, Hutchinson teeth, mulberry molars, short maxilla
saber shins, CN8 deafness

A

Syphilis: Treponema pallidum

48
Q

Anaplasmosis

A

Anaplasma (from Ixodes tick)

49
Q

Cat scratch disease

Bacillary angiomatosis

A

Bartonella spp.

50
Q

Lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

51
Q

Relapsing fever

A

Borrelia recurrentis (via louse)

52
Q

Brucellosis/undulant fever

A

Brucella spp. (via unpasteurized dairy)

53
Q

bloody diarrhea via puppies, undercooked meat

A

Campylobacter

54
Q

Psittacosis via parrots

A

Chlamydophila psittaci

55
Q

Q fever via aerosols of sheep/cattle amniotic fluids

A

Coxiella burnetii

56
Q

Ehrlichoiosis via ambylomma lone star tick

A

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

57
Q

Tularemia via ticks, rabbits, deer fly

A

Francisella tularensis

58
Q

Leptospirosis via animal urine

A

Leptospira spp.

59
Q

Leprosy via humans with LL or armadillo

A

Mycobacterium leprae

60
Q

Cellulitis or osteomyelitis via animal bite (cat, dog)

A

Pasteurella multocida

61
Q

Epidemic typhus via louse

A

Rickettsia prowazekii

62
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever via Dermacentor (dog tick)

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

63
Q

Endemic typhus via fleas

A

Rickettsia typhi

64
Q

Diarrhea (may be bloody), vomit, fever, abd cramps via reptiles & poultry

A

Salmonella

65
Q

plaque via fleas (rat & prairie dog reservoirs)

A

Yersinia pestis

66
Q

Bacterial vaginosis- fishy smell (pos Whiff), non painful, gray vaginal discharge, not sexually transmitted, clue cells

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

67
Q

Rocky Mountain spotted fever: rash (palms, soles), HA, fever (vasculitis)

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

Rickettsii on wRists

68
Q

rash starts centrally and spreads out, spares palms & soles

A

Typhus: R. typhi (endemic, fleas) or R. prowazekii (epidemic, louse)

Typhus on the Trunk

69
Q

Q fever: pneumonia, culture neg endocarditis

A

Coxiella burnetii

70
Q

reactive arthritis, follicular conjunctivitis, nongonococcal urethritis, PID

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

71
Q

atypical ‘walking’ pneumonia

A

Chlamydia pneumoniae or Chlamydial psittaci

72
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis types A-C

A

chronic, blindness d/o to follicular conjunctivitis in Africa

73
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis types D-K

A

urethritis/PID, ectopic pregnancy, neonatal pneumonia (staccato cough) with eosinophilia, neonatal conjunctivitis

74
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis types L1-L3

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum: small painless ulcers on genitals - swollen, painful inguinal LN that ulcerate (buboes)

75
Q

Histoplasmosis

A

Systemic mycoses, causes pneumonia, can disseminate

76
Q

Blastomycosis

A

systemic mycoses, causes inflam lung disease, disseminates to bone & skin

77
Q

Coccidioidomycosis

A

pneumonia & meningitis, disseminate to bone & skin, erythema nodosum, arthralgias

78
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis

A

pneumonia, disseminates, granulomas

Latin America

79
Q

head, scalp, alopecia, LAD, scaling

A

Tinea capitis

Microsporum or Trichophyton

80
Q

smooth skin, erythematous scaling rings, central clearing

A

Tinea corporis

Trichophyton, epidermophyton, microsporum

81
Q

inguinal area, no central clearing, cutaneous fungal infection

A

Tinea cruris

Microsporum, epidermophyton, trichophyton

82
Q

interdigital cutaneous fungal infection

moccasin distribution or vesicular type

A

Tinea pedis

microsporum, epidermophyton, trichophyton

83
Q

cutaneous fungal infection of nails

A

Tinea unguium (onychomycosis)

epidermophyton, trichophyton

84
Q

Tinea versicolor: hypopigmentation/pink patches

A

Malassezia furfur (not a dermatophyte)

85
Q

systemic or superficial fungal infection
oral/esophageal thrush in immunocompromised (opportunistic)
vulvovaginitis, diaper rash, endocarditis (IVDU), disseminated to any organ
chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

A

Candida albicans

86
Q

invasive aspergillosis esp immunocompromised & with chronic granulomatous disease
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: assoc w/ asthma, cystic fibrosis - may cause bronchiectasis & eosinophilia
Aspergillomas in lung cavities esp after TB
aflatoxins assoc with hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

87
Q

cryptococcal meningitis, cryptococcosis

hematogenous dissemination to meninges

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

88
Q

Mucormycosis mostly in ketoacidotic diabetic or neutropenics (leukemia)
Rhinocerebral, frontal lobe abscess
cavernous sinus thrombosis- HA, facial pain, black eschar on face, CN involvement possible

A

Mucor & Rhizopus spp.

89
Q

Sporotrichosis: local pustule/ulcer + nodules along draining lymphatics (ascending lymphangiitis)
dissemination possible in immunocompromised
‘Rose gardener’s disease’

A

Sporothrix schenckii

90
Q

Giardiasis: bloat, flatulence, foul smell, fatty diarrhea

A

Giardia lamblia

91
Q

Amebiasis: bloody diarrhea (dysentery), liver abscess (anchovy paste exudate), RUQ pain

A

Entamoeba histolytica

92
Q

severe diarrhea in AIDS pt

mild watery diarrhea in immunocompetent

A

Cryptosporidium

93
Q

Congenital toxoplasmosis: chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications
reactivation in AIDS - brain abscess

A

Toxoplasma gondii

94
Q

rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis

A

Naegleria fowleri

95
Q

African sleeping sickness: LAD, recurring fever, somnolence, coma

A

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense or gambiense

96
Q

Malaria: fever, HA, anemia, splenomegaly

A

Plasmodium vivax, falciparum, malariae protozoans

97
Q

Babesiosis: fever & hemolytic anemia

A

Babesia protozoan

98
Q

Chagas: dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, megaesophagus

acute if periorbital unilat swelling

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

99
Q

Visceral leishmaniasis: spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia

A

Leishmania donavani

100
Q

Vaginits: foul smell, green discharge, itch, burn

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

101
Q

anal pruritus + intestinal infection

A

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) - Nematode

102
Q

intestinal infection with possible obstruction at ileocecal valve

A

Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) - Nematode

103
Q

intestinal infection: vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

104
Q

intestinal infection - anemia

A

Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus (hookworms) - Nematodes

105
Q

intestinal infection, muscle inflam

Trichnosis: fever, vomit, nausea, periorbital edema, myalgia

A

Trichinella spiralis

106
Q

hyperpigmented skin, river blindness, possible allergic rxn to microfilaria

A

Onchocerca volvulus - Nematode

107
Q

swelling of skin, worm in conjunctiva

A

Loa loa

108
Q

elephantiasis

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

109
Q

visceral larva migrans

A

Toxocara canis

110
Q

intestinal infection via ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork
or ingest eggs causing cysticercosis or neurocysticercosis

A

Taenia solium

111
Q

vit B12 deficiency - megaloblastic anemia

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

112
Q

hydatid cysts in liver, anaphylaxis if Ag released

A

Echinococcus granulosus

113
Q

liver & spleen enlargement (portal HTN), fibrosis, inflammation

A

Schistosoma mansoni

114
Q

chronic, squamous cell carcinoma of bladder (painless hematuria), pulm HTN

A

Schistosoma haematobium

115
Q

biliary tract inflammation leading to pigmented gallstones, assoc with cholangiocarcinoma

A

Clonorchis sinensis

Boards Micro (10 decks)

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