Budzynski

Question 1

Method?

Answer 1

Experimental method, with patients being trained in a lab.

Question 2

Participants?

Answer 2

18 pps who replied to an advertisement in a local paper in colorado.

Question 3

Design?

Answer 3

Independent design. Participants randomly allocated to one of the three groups.

Question 4

Procedure?

Answer 4

2 weeks patients kept a record of their headaches. Groups a and b were given 16 sessions of training with 2 sessions each week for 8 weeks.
Group a= taught relaxation and told the clicks of the biofeedback machine would reflect muscle tension.
Group b= told to concentrate of varying clicks. Given pseudo feedback.
Group c= no training.

Question 5

Results?

Answer 5

Muscle tension of group a= significantly different from b by the end of the training.
Groups as reported headaches dropped significantly from their baselines, whereas the others didnt.
Drug usage in group a decreased, more than in group b. Group a reported less headache activity than group b.

Question 6

Conclusions?

Answer 6

Biofeedback is an effective way of training patients to relax and reduce their tension headaches, so can be seen as an effective method of stress management.

Question 7

Aim?

Answer 7

To see whether biofeedback is an effective method of reducing tension headaches.