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GCSE Religion and Philosophy > Buddhist terminology > Flashcards

Buddhist terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Zazen meditation

A

a type of meditation in Zen Buddhism that requires awareness of the present moment

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2
Q

Wheel of life

A

a pictorial representation (a thangka) that symbolises the nature of reality and the cycle of birth. death, and rebirth

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3
Q

Wesak

A

traditional Therevada festival that celebrates the Buddha’s birth, enlightenment, and passing away

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4
Q

Visualisation

A

imagining or ‘seeing’ an object in one’s mind

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5
Q

Vipassana meditation

A

‘insight meditation’ - a type of meditation that involves developing understanding of the nature of reality

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6
Q

Vihara

A

a Buddhist temple or monastery

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7
Q

Tripitaka

A

the ‘three baskets’ of traditional Buddhist sacred scriptures

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8
Q

Three mental Poisons

A

the forces that keep the cycle of Samsara turning: ignorance, greed, hatred

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9
Q

Therevada Buddhism

A

‘the school of elders’ - the oldest Buddhist tradition found in Southern Asia

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10
Q

Thangka

A

a detailed painting of a Buddha or Bodhisattva for vipassana meditation

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11
Q

Tanha

A

craving - the cause of suffering. There are 3 types: craving for pleasure, craving for being, craving for non-being

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12
Q

Stupa

A

small building in a monastery that sometimes contains holy relics; Buddhists may circumambulate to remind themselves that the Buddha and his teachings are at the centre of their lives

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13
Q

Skandha (aggregate)

A

the 5 aspects that make up a person (the chariot analogy)

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14
Q

Shrine

A

an area with a statue of the Buddha (or Bodhisattvas in Mahayana Buddhism), which is the focal point for Buddhist meditation and devotion; a means of showing gratitude

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15
Q

Paramita (Six Perfections)

A

6 qualities/virtues that Mahayana Buddhists try to develop in order to live as a Boddhisattva: dana (generosity), virya (energy), sila (morality), dhyana (meditation), ksanti (patience), prana (wisdom)

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16
Q

Sila

A

ethics - a section of the eightfold path that emphasises the importance of skilful action as the basis for spiritual progress

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17
Q

Sangha

A

the second noble truth: there are causes of suffering

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18
Q

Samsara

A

the cycle of birth, life, death, and rebirth

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19
Q

Samatha meditation

A

calming meditation - a type of meditation that involves calming the mind and developing concentration

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20
Q

Samadhi

A

a section of the eightfold path that emphasises the role of meditation in spiritual development

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21
Q

Saddha

A

trustful confidence or faith; what we need to have in the Buddha’s teachings in the early stages before we have wisdom

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22
Q

Pure land Buddhism

A

a Mahayana form of Buddhism based on the belief in Amitabha Buddha

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23
Q

Puja

A

worship

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24
Q

Punya

A

karmic merit or fruitfulness

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25
Q

Paritta

A

chanting, reciting from Buddhist scriptures

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26
Q

Parinirvana

A

nirvana-after-death or nirvana-without-remainder, which occurs upon the death of someone who has achieved nirvana in their lifetime

27
Q

Panna

A

wisdom - a part of the eightfold path that deals with Buddhist approaches to understanding the nature of reality

28
Q

Nirodha

A

the third noble truth: suffering can be stopped

29
Q

Nidana

A

twelve factors that illustrate the process of birth, death, and rebirth (in the wheel of life)

30
Q

Nirvana/Nibbana

A

a state of complete enlightenment, happiness, and peace

31
Q

Metta

A

loving kindness - showing a benevolent, kind, friendly attitude to all other beings

32
Q

Mara

A

a demon that symbolises spiritual obstacles such as temptation

33
Q

Mantra

A

a short sequence of sacred syllables

34
Q

Mandala

A

an intricate, circle - shaped pattern that is used for meditation

35
Q

Mala

A

prayer beads that are used to count the number of recitations in a mantra

36
Q

Mahayana Buddhism

A

an umbrella term to describe later Buddhist traditions such as Pure Land Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, and Zen Buddhism

37
Q

Magga

A

the fourth noble truth: the eightfold path

38
Q

Kasina

A

focal object used in Samatha meditation. The Buddha mentioned 10 kasinas: earth, water, fire, wind, blue, yellow, red, white, space, consciousness

39
Q

Karuna

A

compassion of empathy for the suffering of other beings

40
Q

Kamma

A

Buddhists believe that our actions in this life initiate another life after ours. Our skilful and unskilful deeds affect the next life either positively or negatively

41
Q

Jataka Tales

A

a body of literature concerning the lives of Gautama Buddha in both human and animal form. Typically the Buddha helps resolve a situation and exhibits a particular Buddhist virtue

42
Q

Gompa

A

hall or building where the Tibetan monks meditate

43
Q

Four Sublime States

A

the four qualities which the Buddha taught all the Buddhists should develop: karuna (compassion), metta (loving-kindness), mudita (sympathetic joy), upekkha (equanimity)

44
Q

Enlightenment

A

the gaining of true knowledge about the nature of reality, gaining freedom from the cycle of rebirth

45
Q

Engaged Buddhism

A

a movement that focuses on applying Buddhist teachings to matters concerning environmental and social justice

46
Q

Samkhara-dukkha

A

suffering that arises through attachment to people and things

47
Q

Viparinama-dukkha

A

suffering that arises through ordinary processes of change

48
Q

Dukkha-dukkha

A

pain or physical suffering

49
Q

Dukkha

A

the first noble truth: there is suffering

50
Q

Dhammapada

A

the collections of sayings of the Buddha; one of the tripitaka

51
Q

Dhamma

A

one of the three jewels/refuges, the teachings of the Buddha

52
Q

Dana

A

charity/generosity; one of the 6 perfections

53
Q

Buddha-nature

A

the idea that everyone has the essence of or the potential to become a Buddha within them

54
Q

Buddha rupa

A

a statue of the Buddha, often sitting cross-legged in a meditation pose

55
Q

Buddha

A

a title given to someone who has achieved enlightenment

56
Q

Bot

A

the ordination hall in the Buddhist temple or vihara

57
Q

Bodhisattva

A

For Mahayana Buddhists, someone who has become enlightened but chooses to remain in the cycle of Samsara to help others achieve enlightenment

58
Q

Bikkhu

A

an ordained Buddhist monk

59
Q

Arhat

A

for Therevada Buddhists, someone who has been enlightened

60
Q

Antarabhava

A

the intermediate state between death and rebirth

61
Q

Anicca

A

impermanence; the idea that everything is subject to change

62
Q

Anatta

A

the idea that people do not have a permanent fixed self or soul

63
Q

Adhisthana

A

blessing - spiritual energy passed through proximity

GCSE Religion and Philosophy (6 decks)

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