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Religion & Philosphy > Buddhist Beliefs > Flashcards

Buddhist Beliefs Flashcards

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1
Q

Siddartha Guatama

A
  • born 2500 years ago in Nepal
  • a holy man prophesied that he would be a great ruler on spiritual leader
  • his father (a king) protected him from any suffering
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2
Q

the 4 sights

A

sickness, old age, death, a holy man

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3
Q

asceticism

A

giving up all luxuries

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4
Q

middle way

A

he realised there must be a middle way between asceticism and luxury

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5
Q

3 watches of the night

A
  • knowledge of all previous lives
  • kamma
  • the four noble truths
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6
Q

How does stories of Buddha’s life influence Buddhists today?

A
  • the four sights are still relevant
  • having luxuries doesn’t mean happiness
  • use meditation to escape suffering
  • even Buddha struggled to achieve enlightenment (Mara)
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7
Q

The first noble truth

A

(Dukkha) everybody suffers and there are 4 unavoidable types of suffering:

  • birth
  • old age
  • sickness
  • death
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8
Q

The second noble truth

A

the cause of suffering is desire (tanha - cravings)

temporary pleasures don’t bring us happiness and they make us give in to the 3 poisons

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9
Q

The third noble truth

A

we can end suffering by detaching from our desires

Nibbana - extinguishing all cravings

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10
Q

The fourth noble truth

A

The eightfold path helps to overcome suffering

  1. Ethics - right speech, action, livelihood
  2. Meditation- right effort, mindfulness, concentration
  3. Wisdom - right understanding, intention
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11
Q

Dhamma

A

the truth about the universe that Buddha discovered when he achieved enlightenment

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12
Q

The 3 refuges

A

Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha ( the whole Buddhist community)

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13
Q

Dependent Arising

A

nothing exists or happens on it own

kamma is a specific example of this

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14
Q

samsara

A
  • the cycle of birth, death and re-birth

- the ultimate goal is to escape by extinguishing cravings

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15
Q

nibbana

A
  1. extinguishing the self by practising meditation and the eightfold path
  2. extinguishing the self by no longer requiring reincarnation into a physical body
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16
Q

three marks of existence

A
  1. Suffering (dukkha)
  2. Impermanence (annica)
  3. No fixed self (anatta)
17
Q

Annica

A
  • all living things grow, mature, die
  • non living things decay over time
  • our minds change
    annica and dukkha are interconnected as we suffer because we don’t want things to change
18
Q

anatta

A 
5 aggregates:
- form
- sensation
- perception
- mental formation
- consciousness
Nagasena’s chariot 
Anatta and Dukkha are interconnected because constantly thinking about yourself causes suffering to others
19
Q

Buddhist Scripture

A
  • Jataka tales are stories about Buddha’s past lives
  • Dhammapada are Buddha’s teachings in verse form
  • Tiptaka are Buddha’s teachings
20
Q

Theravada

A

‘school of elders’ and is one of the oldest and most traditional forms of Buddhism

21
Q

Theravada view on Buddha

A

he’s a refuge and a guide, but he is not a God and doesn’t inter act with earth anymore

22
Q

Theravada monks

A

they devote their lives to achieving enlightenment and agree to rules such as celibacy and owning no possesions

23
Q

Arhat

A

the ultimate goal for a Theravada buddhist, a perfected person who has escaped samsara

24
Q

Mahayana Buddhists

A

there are lots of groups, like Zen or Tibetan Buddhists

25
Q

Buddha nature

A

everybody has a seed of Buddha in them but the 3 poisons stop us achieving enlightenment

26
Q

the aim of Mahayana Buddhists

A
  • become a Bodhisattva
  • earthly means you’re soul returns to earth in another form
  • transcendent means you become a spiritual being existing between earth and nibanna
27
Q

6 perfections

A

how to become a Bodhisattva:

  • generosity
  • morality
  • patience
  • energy
  • mediation
  • wisdom
28
Q

Pure Land Buddhists

A
  • Amitabha is a transcendent Bodhisattva
  • he created a pure land called Sukhavati out of compassion for all beings
  • you reach this land by meditating, worshipping him and chanting his name

Religion & Philosphy (8 decks)

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