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Philosphy > Buddhist Beliefs > Flashcards

Buddhist Beliefs Flashcards

1
Q

What was significant about Buddha’s birth

A

Queen Maya/ his mother had a dream about a white elephant that blessed her
Siddhartha could walk and with every step he took lotus flowers sprang

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2
Q

What did Siddhartha say at birth

A

“No further rebirths should I have to endure”

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3
Q

What was Siddhartha’s prophecy

A

If he never saw suffering he would become a king if he did he will become a holy man

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4
Q

What was his life of luxury

A

He lived in a place of luxury to ensure he never saw suffering as he always had the best food and never saw anything die

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5
Q

Quote for life of luxury

A

“I had three mansions”

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6
Q

What were the four sights

A

Old age (an old man)
Illness (someone lying on the road in agony)
Death ( a body being carried through the streets)
A holy man ( a man in rags carrying an alms bowl)

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7
Q

What impact did the four sights have on Siddhartha

A

He saw suffering and realised he wanted to become a holy man he wanted to find the problem of suffering by throwing away all his luxuries

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8
Q

What was Buddha’s ascetic life

A

Buddha lived with no luxuries to try and over come freedom

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9
Q

Why did Buddha turn away from the ascetic life

A

He became too weak to meditate until he was given a bowl of rice and milk by a girl and he realised two little and two much is bad and invented the middle way

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10
Q

What happened when Buddha became enlightened

A 
Mara tried to prevent it by 
Sending his daughters to seduce him 
Armies to attack him 
Offered control of his kingdom 
And attacking him himself 
Buddha acknowledged all his previous lives and overcame suffering by gaining true knowledge about the nature of reality
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11
Q

What are the three watches of the night

A

1) deep meditation
2) acknowledging previous lives
3) understanding the four noble truths

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12
Q

Quote for Buddha’s enlightenment

A

“Until I attain the supreme enlightenment will I give up this seat of meditation”

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13
Q

What does dhama mean

A

The truth

1) all those who are enlightened follow Buddha’s teachings
2) nuns and monks
3) the community of the those who follow Buddha’s teachings

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14
Q

What is dhama

A

One of the three jewels

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15
Q

What is dependant arising

A

The concept that nothing is permanent as everything relies on everything else and that everything is a constant process of change

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16
Q

Give quoteS for dependant arising

A

“Every wave is related to every other wave”

“All events and incidents in life are so intimately linked with the fate of others that a single person on his own cannot even begin to act”

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17
Q

What are the three marks of existence

A

1) Dukkha
2) Anicca
3) Anatta

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18
Q

What is dukkha

A

Dukkha is suffering

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19
Q

What are the types of suffering

A

Emotional or physical suffering
Change
Attachment

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20
Q

How can we reduce suffering

A

Right actions and intentions (following eight fold path)

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21
Q

What is anicca

A

Impermanence

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22
Q

How is Annica thought of

A

It affects living and non living things and our minds

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23
Q

How is anicca related to Dukkha

A

When things change (anicca) it causes suffering (Dukkha)

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24
Q

What is the story of Lisa Gotami

A

Her son died
She went to the Buddha asking him to bring him back to life
He asked her to get a mustard seed from any house that has never faced death
She realised everyone had faced death
This showed anicca

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25
Q

What is anatta

A

No fixed self

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26
Q

Quote for anatta

A

“If all the harm (…) in the world occurred due to me grasping on to the self what use is this great demon to me”

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27
Q

What are the five aggregates

A

1) form (our mind)
2) sensation (our feelings)
3) perception (our recognition of what things are)
4) mental formations (our thoughts)
5) consciousness ( our awareness of things)

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28
Q

What are the four noble truths

A

1) suffering exists (Dukkha)
2) suffering is caused by something (Samudaya)
3) suffering can end (nirodha)
4) there is a way to bring about the end to suffering (magga)

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29
Q

Why is Dukkha important (four noble truths)

A

We can recognise that suffering is a part of life and that we should not combat suffering with temporary pleasures

30
Q

Quote for Dukkha

A

“Illness is suffering, death is suffering”

31
Q

What did Buddha teach about happiness

A

They are temporary so we could crave them which causes more suffering

32
Q

What does Samudaya teach

A

It teaches the concept of Tanha which means thirst or craving which is a cause of suffering

33
Q

What are the three types of craving

A

Craving things that please the senses
Craving to be something your not
Craving not to be

34
Q

What are the three poisons

A

Ignorance
Greed
Hatred

35
Q

Quote for Samudaya

A

“Craving for existence craving for extermination”

36
Q

What does Nirodha teach

A

Suffering can be ended through right actions and effort
People should let go of things to avoid suffering
To stop suffering have an inner satisfaction

37
Q

Quote for nirodha

A

“Fading away and cessation of that same craving”

38
Q

What does magga teach

A

Suffering can be ended through the eight fold path

39
Q

Quote for magga

A

“The doctrine and the order as a refuge he perceives proper knowledge of the four noble truths”

40
Q

What is the eight fold path

A 
Right:
Speech 
Action
Livelihood
Effort 
Mindfulness
Concentration
Understanding 
Intention
41
Q

What is an Arhat

A

A perfected person who focuses on becoming enlightened which means they break the cycle of Samsara
Therevada

42
Q

Quote for Arhats

A

“I alone am the fully enlightened one”

43
Q

What is a Bodhisattva

A

A person who is nearly enlightened but helps others to be enlightened
Mahayana

44
Q

What are the six perfections

A 
Morality 
Generosity
Patient
Energy
Meditation 
Wisdom
45
Q

Quote for Bodhisattva

A

“I vow to save them”

46
Q

What is therevada buddhism what countries are apart of it

A

The oldest school in buddhism and Sri Lanka and Thailand

47
Q

What do Therevada Buddhists focus on

A

The three refuges eg nuns and monks
Therevada monastics devote their whole life to becoming enlightened
They strongly believe in the five aggregates

48
Q

How do Therevada Buddhists view Buddha

A

He is still active within the world

49
Q

How do Mahayana Buddhists view Buddha

A

As a historical figure

50
Q

What do Mahayana Buddhists focus on

A

Sunyata

Focus on achieving Buddha-nature

51
Q

What is pure land buddhism

A

Part of Mahayana tradition

52
Q

Where is pure land buddhism practiced

A

Japan

53
Q

What do pure land Buddhists believe

A

They hope to be reborn in paradise in the ‘pure land’

54
Q

How can the pure land be reached

A

Through reciting meditating on the Amitabha Buddha and worshipping the paradise

55
Q

Give two quotes for pure land buddhism

A

“It is rich in a great variety of flowers”

“Even bad men will be received in Buddha’s land”

56
Q

What does sunyata mean

A

Emptiness

57
Q

What concept does sunyata teach

A

That nothing has a fixed independent unchanging nature

58
Q

How does sunyata help

A

It can lead to trust compassion and selflessness

59
Q

How is sunyata different to anatta

A

It applies to all things rather than human beings

60
Q

What does Sunyata relate to

A

Anatta

61
Q

What are the three marks of existence

A

Dukkha
Anicca
Anatta

62
Q

For Dukkha in the three marks of existence what does it teach

A
  • suffering is inevitable

- Buddhists reduce it through Buddha’s teachings

63
Q

Give a quote for three marks of existence Dukkha

A

“What I teach is suffering and the cessation of suffering”

64
Q

What is anicca

A

Impermanence

65
Q

What does Anicca lead to

A
  • letting go of things that we are attached to or impermanent
  • leads to less suffering
66
Q

What does anicca affect

A

Living
Non living
Peoples minds

67
Q

What story shows Anicca

A

Kisa Gotama

68
Q

What is Anatta

A

The idea that there is no fixed or permanent self

69
Q

How does the five aggregates relate to Anatta

A

All parts of a person are not unchanging which explains the meaning of Anatta

70
Q

What do therevada buddhists believe about the four noble truths

A

Leads to enlightenment

71
Q

What do Mahayana Buddhists

A

He development of compassion is important is understanding the four noble truths

72
Q

Give a quote for tanha (means craving)

A

“It is craving which leads to renewed existence”

Philosphy (10 decks)

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