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Comparative Religions > Buddhism Unit 2 > Flashcards

Buddhism Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

10-01: What question has been asked only of Jesus and Buddha? How did buddha answer?

A

“Who are you, what are you, are you a god, an angel, a saint? No. Then what are you?” Buddha said I am awake

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2
Q

10-02: What does the term Buddha mean?

A

Enlightened one, awakened one

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3
Q

10-03: What legends surround the life of Buddha?

A

When he was born, worlds were flooded with light, the blind received their sight, deaf and mute conversed, crooked became straight, lame walked, cries of beasts were hushed

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4
Q

10-04: What are the known historical facts of Buddha’s life?

A

Born: 563bc Nepal
Name: Siddhartha Gautama of the Sakyas
Father: king
Handsome, at 16 married Yasodhara the princess, had a son named Rahula

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5
Q

10-05: By legend, what did the fortune tellers summoned by Siddhartha’s father predict?

A

He would either unify India and become the greatest conqueror, a universal king, if he forsook the world he would be a world redeemer

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6
Q

10-06: What are the “4 passings?” What accumulative lesson is learned?

A
  1. Old man
  2. Sick man
  3. Dead man
  4. Monk
    Siddhartha realizes that he will become old sick and die but the monk knows the path to the after life
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7
Q

10-07: What was the “Great Going Forth?”

A

“Made a break” he silently said his goodbyes had a servant bring his horse and they rode off and never came back

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8
Q

11-08. What were the three phases of Siddhartha’s six-year journey toward enlightenment?

A

Learned from the Hindu masters
Asceticism
rigorous thought and mystical concentrations (raja yoga)

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9
Q

11-09. What is the “Immovable Spot?”

A

It was the Bo Tree that the first Buddha sat under to achieve enlightenment

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10
Q

11-10. What were Evil One’s first three temptations [before enlightenment was reached]?

A

1) Women
2) Death
3) “By what right do you have”?

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11
Q

11-11. What is the Great Awakening?

A

Gautama’s being was transformed and emerged the buddha

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12
Q

11-12. What was Mara’s last [fourth] temptation?

A

It was a question. Don’t tell anyone. Keep it a secret

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13
Q

11-13. What were the Buddha’s post-enlightenment activities?

A

Started orders of monks and nuns, challenged the brahmin society

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14
Q

11-14. How did Siddhartha, now the Buddha, die?

A

Died of dysentery after eating bad boar meat

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15
Q

11-15. What is the meanings of the Taoism pericope?

A

Don’t better yourself for the material world but rather for the spiritual world

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16
Q

12-01. What kind of personality did the Buddha have?

A

Cool head and a warm heart. Great rationalist

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17
Q

12-02. How did the Buddha respond to the Caste System?

A

The cast system meant little to him and did not even notice peoples cast

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18
Q

12-03. Could the Buddha be described as a modest person? Explain.

A

No. He felt that he had risen to a plane of understanding that was far above anyone else. he accepted his superiority

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19
Q

12-04. Is Buddha God? Did he think of himself that way? Ex

A

No. He knew that he was human in every way who suffered from temptations.

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20
Q

12-05. What characteristic did Buddha share with other great spiritual geniuses?

A

Buddha was gifted with preternatural insight into character

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21
Q

12-06. What personal conviction saturated the life of Buddha?

A

Buddhas entire life was saturated with the conviction that he had a cosmic mission to preform

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22
Q

12-07. Why is Buddha sometimes called the Silent Sage?

A

To the end he remained half light, half shadow, defying complete intelligibility. So they called him the silent sage of the Sakya clan, a symbol of something beyond what could be said and thought

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23
Q

12-08. What is the “remarkable unanimity” that today’s Sketch refers to?

A

The characterization of the perfected human being

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24
Q

12-09. What is the meaning of the Taoism pericope?

A

Once you have achieved god you enter into nothingness, friendship doesn’t draw or repel you, you can’t benefit or be harmed by things, and you can’t be raised or humbled

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25
Q

13-01: Against what background must Buddhism be viewed in order to be understood?

A

In moving from Buddha to Buddhism it’s important to see against the background of Hinduism out of which it grew

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26
Q

13-02: What are the 6 universal characteristics of religion?

A 
Authority
Ritual
Speculation
Tradition
Grace
Mystery
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27
Q

13-03: In Buddha’s time what had Hinduism done to the 6 universal characteristics?

A

Each of the 6 universal characteristics contributes importantly to religion but equally clog its works

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28
Q

13-04: How did Buddha respond to the 6 universal characteristics of religion?

A

Buddha preached a religion devoid of authority, ritual, tradition, supernatural, a religion that skirted speculation, intense self effort

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29
Q

13-05: What were the characteristics of “original” Buddhism?

A 
Empirical
Scientific
Pragmatic
Therapeutic
Physiological
Egalitarian 
Individualism
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30
Q

13-06: What does today’s sketch tell about the make-up of, and dating of, Mahayana scripture?

A

The earliest Mahayana scriptures were written in Sanskrit an ancient Indian language during the first century CE

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31
Q

13-07: What are the “two axes” of the family according to today’s sketch?

A

Vertical axis: running through generations from grandparents to parents to children
Horizontal axis: including members of the same generation; husband wife brother sister

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32
Q

13-08: What are the five most important relationship under heaven according the Confucianism?

A 
Price and minister
Father and son
Husband and wife 
Elder and younger brothers
Between friends
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33
Q

14-01: When where and to whom did Buddha first preached his doctrine of the Four Noble Truths?

A

When: after enlightenment
Where: Sarnath banars
Whom: 5 ascetics

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34
Q

14-02: What is the first noble truth? Explain.

A

Is that life is dukkha (suffering).

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35
Q

14-03: What were Buddhist views on having a good time and the enjoyment of good times?

A

“A supreme optimism prevails everywhere” Buddha thought that life was lived unfulfilling and filled with insecurity

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36
Q

14-04: What western thinkers have came to the same conclusion as Buddha? Give an example.

A

William Drummond: “Earths sweetest joy is but disguised pain”
Shelly: That unrest which men miscall delight
Albert Schweitzer: Only at quite rare moments have I felt really glad to be alive.

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37
Q

14-05: Life’s dislocation becomes glaringly apparent in what six identifiable moments?

A 
Trauma of birth
Pathology of sickness
The morbidity of decrepitude
The phobia of death
To be tied to what one dislikes
To be separated from what one loves
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38
Q

14-06. What does the term “skandas” mean? What are the “five skandas?”

A 
Means "life components" 
body 
sensations
thoughts
feelings 
consciousness
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39
Q

14-07. What is the Second Noble Truth? Explain.

A

Tanah, it promotes desire, robs a person of selflessness, it’s the cause and its effect is Dukkha

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40
Q

14-08. What is the Third Noble Truth? How does it follow logically from the Second Noble Truth?

A

Buddha said “Dukkha and tannah can be ended” if you end Tanah(desire and the cause of sickness) you can end Dukkha

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41
Q

14-09. What is the purpose of the Fourth Noble Truth?

A

The fourth noble truth is the eightfold path, its purpose it to cross from earth to the beyond

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42
Q

14-10. What is the purpose of Buddhist meditation?

A

Free the mind from passions aggression ignorance jealousy and pride
Samatha and vipassana they help you get to Enlightenment

43
Q

14-11. Contrast the Confucianist and African pericopes.

A

Confucius pericope says all men are alike, what sets them apart is how they learn and practice
African pericopes make absolutely no sense whatsoever

44
Q

15-01: Collectively, what is the eightfold path of Buddhism?

A

It is a course of treatment by training

45
Q

15-02: Buddha distinguished what “two ways of living?”

A

One: random unreflective way, in which the subject is pushed and pulled by impulse and circumstance
Two: the way on intentional living, Buddha called the path

46
Q

15-03: What unnamed “preliminary step comes before the eightfold path?

A

Right of association

47
Q

15-04. What are the “eight steps” within the Eightfold Path?

A 
Right views 
Right intent
right speech
right conduct
right livelihood
right effort
right mindfulness 
Right concentration
48
Q

15-05. What is the similarity between the Taoism and African pericopes?

A

Both say that man has a desire to control nature to do what he wants it to do.

49
Q

15-06. What is a koan?

A

It is a riddle without a solution.

50
Q

16-01: What problems stand between today’s student of Buddhism and the original teachings of Buddha?

A

Like most ancient teachers Buddha wrote nothing, there is a century and a half between his spoken words and written records. The second problem arises from the wealth of material in the texts themselves.

51
Q

16-02: What does the term nirvana literally mean? Beyond literalism how is nirvana to be understood?

A

“Blow out, to extinguish” from such imagery it has been widely supposed that the extinction to which Buddha points is complete annihilation. Understood as suchness.

52
Q

16-03: In what ways did the Buddha accept the law of Karma?

A

Each life is in its present condition because of the way the lives that led up to it were lived
People remain at liberty to shape their own destiny
If there is an enduring self, subject always, never object, it never shows itself

53
Q

16-04: What is “anicca?”

A

All matter is transient or impermanent.

54
Q

16-05: What are the “Three marks of existence?”

A

Impermanence (anicca)
Suffering (Dukkha)
Soul (anatta)

55
Q

16-06. What are the “skandas?” How did the Buddha regard them?

A

Skeins that hang together as loosely as yarn. Regarded them as being freed from the pain of clutching for permeate only if the acceptance of continual change is driven into our very marrow.

56
Q

16-07. How would Buddha answer the question “Do human beings survive bodily death?”

A

His answer would be Equivocal the world reborn doesn’t apply to him

57
Q

16-08. Contrast the Buddhist, Hindu and Islamic pericopes?

A

We should not catch fish and chop down trees
Living is founded on harmlessness
The aim is not to spread mischief

58
Q

16-09. What does today’s Sketch say about gender equity?

A

Women can be ordained nuns but rarely reach high positions in religious life gender equality in Buddhist tradition women could rise to the same position as men now the tradition has been lost

59
Q

16-10. What are the “Five Precepts?”

A

I undertake the rule of training of refraining from:
Harming living beings
Taking what is not given
Misuse of the senses
False speech
Self-intoxication due to drugs or alcohol

60
Q

17-01: There are certain questions that divide people, what is the first question that is presented that divides?

A

Are people independent or interdependent

61
Q

17-02: What is the second question that divides people?

A

Is the universe friendly or hostile?

62
Q

17-03: What is the third question that divides people?

A

What is the best part of human self, head or heart?

63
Q

17-04: What are the two basic divisions-and names for- within Buddhism?

A

Mahayana and Hinayana

64
Q

17-05: How does each school- Mahayana and Hinayana- justify its claim to auto
henticity?

A

Hinayana: if we confine ourselves to the explicit teachings of the Buddha as they are recorded in the earliest texts, the Pali canon, for on the whole those texts don’t support the Theravada position.

Mahayana: Buddha taught more eloquently and profoundly by his life and example than by the words the Pali canon records.

65
Q

17-06. Beyond the dispute over apostolic succession, what other differences exist between these two schools?

A

Theravada:
Key virtue: wisdom
Minimizes metaphysics
Minimizes Ritual

Mahayana
Key virtue: compassion
Elaborates metaphysics
Emphasizes ritual

66
Q

17-07. Who was Asoka?

A

He was royalty who converted to Mahayana spread the religion to the east through military conquests.

67
Q

17-08. Which countries are most associated with Buddhism today?

A

China, Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Korea, Tibet, and Japan

68
Q

17-09. What is Dharma?

A

The buddhist teachings, the true path, true nature of all things. It is religion

69
Q

17-10. What is Dana?

A

It is the center of Buddhist practice. The act of giving produces merit that improves karma in the life and the next life.

70
Q

17-10. What is the similarity between the African pericope and the Jewish pericope?

A

They are both speaking about preparing. For the afterlife

71
Q

18-01. What further divisions have occurred within Buddhism? Which will the textbook cover?

A

Theravada and Mahayana, the book will not be going into the smaller sects of Mahayana Buddhism, it is saving the space for Buddhism that Taoist influenced, Ch’an, and Buddhism that formed in Tibet

72
Q

18-02. What is the origin of Zen Buddhism?

A

It is a Japanese religion that claims to its trace its perspective back to Gautama himself.

73
Q

18-03. How does the author liken Zen to Alice in Wonderland?

A

Entering Zen is like stepping through Alice’s looking glass, one finds themselves in a tipsy turvy wonderland where everything seems quite mad.

74
Q

18-04. Are the Zen master series in this kind of spiritual double talk, or are they simply pulling our legs?

A

Serious though it is rare they are very solemn

75
Q

18-05. What are the three limitations of words?

A

Nothing that is real is in you head
Stereotypes
“Higher” thoughts and feelings are beyond language

76
Q

18-06. What may well be Zen’s only uniqueness?

A

It makes breaking the language barrier it’s central concern

77
Q

18-07. What is central and unique to the content of Zen Buddhist texts?

A

Cannot be equated with any verbal formula

78
Q

18-08. Does Zen have a creed?

A

Zen refuses to lock itself into a verbal chasing

79
Q

18-09. Why would a Zen master instruct a student to destroy Zen scriptures?

A

They are straining by every means they can think of to blast their novices out of solutions that are only verbal.

80
Q

18-10. Are Zen master against or anti-reason?

A

No, they believe in reason based on experience.

81
Q

18-11. How does Zen Buddhism pass on its message from generation to generation?

A

A specific state of consciousness that is to be transmitted from one mind to another

82
Q

18-12. What are the various ways in which the “soul” is seen in different religious traditions?

A

It is seen as more essential to the individual person and their identity. The soul survives after the body has died.

83
Q

18-13. What is the importance of “compassion” within Buddhist tradition?

A

Means unselfish behavior, putting others before oneself. The more one practices more one is free from the mistake of selfish thinking.

84
Q

19-01. In Zen, what is the training by which aspirants are brought toward the “Buddha mind?”

A

Having them ponder the koans until they give a suitable answer

85
Q

19-02. To what does this zazen, koan and sanzen lead?

A

The first important breakthrough is an intuitive experience called kensho or satori.

86
Q

19-03. Is Zen’s intent that of “leaving” the world—if only mentally?

A

The intent is to experience the cosmos and throw everything into a new perspective

87
Q

19-04. What is the state of satori described as being like?

A

Described as someone leaving their body and experiencing the cosmos.

88
Q

19-05. What are four important influences of Zen upon Japanese culture?

A

Sumie or black inked landscape paintings
Zen monks livin their simple lives
Landscape gardening zen temples, flower arrangement and offering
Celebrated tea ceremony

89
Q

19-06. Present a comparison of the Islamic and African pericopes.

A

The pericopes are talking about judgement, some will be kept safe while others with stains on their feet will go to hell

90
Q

19-07. Where is Buddhism in decline? Where is it increasing?

A

Decline: Ladakh, Bangladesh, Cambodia,Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar

Increase: Thailand, sri Lanka, Russia (buryat, Tuva, Kalmyk), Indonesia, Hong Kong, Singapore, south korea, Nepal, china, Japan

91
Q

20-01. What is the name, origin, and meaning of the third “yana?

A

Vajrayana is the way of the diamond

92
Q

20-02. Who developed Vajrayana Buddhism?

A

Tibetans

93
Q

20-03. The essence of Vajrayana is Tantra (Tantric Buddhism), What does Tantra mean?

A

Meaning: extension– denotes texts many of them esoteric and secret in nature, or weaving of a crafts and denotes interpretation

94
Q

20-04. Is Vajrayana Buddhism goal distinct from that of other forms of Buddhism? Explain.

A

It is nowise distinctive in its goal, what distinguishes it is the practice that it enables one to reach nirvana in one lifetime

95
Q

20-05. How is the goal of Vajrayana Buddhism achieved?

A

They say that the speeding up is effected by utilizing all the energies latent in the human make up those of the body emphatically included and impressing them all into the service of the spiritual quest

96
Q

20-06. What portion of Vajrayana teachings has the West emphasized and exaggerated?

A

SEX

97
Q

20-07. What is the “spiritual emotion” sought in Tantric sexuality?

A

The spiritual emotion that is worked for is ecstasy, egoless, beatific bliss in the realization of transcendent identity.

98
Q

20-08. Sex aside, what three forms of physical energy do the Tantries work with most commonly?

A

Speech vision and gestures are worked with most commonly

99
Q

20-09. What is—and is not—a Dalai Lama?

A

Is: the bodhisattva, and is a receiving station toward which the compassion-principles of Buddhism in all its cosmic amplitude is continuously channeled

Is not: Like the pope, does not define doctrine, not a god king,

100
Q

20-10. What is the “Image of the Crossing?”

A

Crossing the river on a ferry boat

101
Q

20-11. What are the “Three Vows?”

A

Buddha, Dharma, Sangha

102
Q

20-12. What is the “confluence” of Buddhism and Hinduism the author is referring to?

A

The differences between the two religions have begun to soften and they are more understanding of each other

103
Q

20-13. How do the major religions of the world regard “ignorance?

A

They regard it as the evils of the human condition

Comparative Religions (2 decks)

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